This slide provides an overview of Cleanness in Islam.

1. The Fiqh of Tahara
The Mark of the Believers

2. Learning objectives
 Understand impurities and its purification.
 Understand the states of ritual impurity and
the laws of ritual purification.
 Understand why the scholars differ.
 Appreciate the completeness of the shariah.
 Realise the importance of being a good, clean
Muslim.

7. When we do not look
after the environment?

10. Reminder
Quran calls on us to recognize our own contribution to the crisis:
Corruption has appeared throughout the land
and sea by [reason of] what the hands of
people have earned so He may let them taste
part of [the consequence of] what they have
done that perhaps they will return [to
righteousness].Quran 30:41

11. Importance
Purification (Taharah) is very important in Islam, for the following reasons:
 It is a way to the love of Allah, as Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) said:
"Verily Allah loves those who constantly repent and loves those who
purify themselves.”[Al-Baqarah:222]
 It is half of Iman, as the prophet (sallallahu ‘alayhi wasallam) said:
“Purification (at-Tuhoor) is half of Iman.”[Sahih Muslim]
 It is a condition of one of the pillars of Islam, as he (sallallahu ‘alayhi
wasallam) said: “Salaat will not be accepted without
purification”[Sunan Tirmidhi]

12. The Purifications
• Linguistic Definition: Meaning cleansing and
removal of impurities.
• Legal Definition:
• (i) Removal of physical impurity
• Removal of the Impurities from the body, clothing and
place of worship
• (ii) The lifting of the state of ritual impurity.
• Minor Ritual Impurity: i.e After passing an Urine, wind
• Major Ritual Impurity: i.e During Menses or Sexual
defilement

13. Chapter 1: Understanding the rulings
pertaining to water
The study of water as a source of purifications, requires an
understanding of 8 different matters:
1.The proofs for the purity of water
2.The substances, other than water, that are used for
purification
3.The types of water
4.Ruling regarding quantities of water
5.Having doubts about water
6.The types of physical impurities with respect to purification
7.The number of washes required to remove physical
impurities
8.The types and the amount of impurity that is overlooked

14. 1. Proofs from the Qur’an for the purity of
water
• And he sends down water from the sky to purify you with it.
[AlAnfal: 11]
• And we have revealed purifying water from the sky.
[AlFurqaan: 48]
1. Proofs from the Sunnah for the purity of water
• Verily water is pure, nothing makes it impure. [Abu Daud]
• Its water is pure and its dead are halal (for consumption).
[Sunan alArba’a]

15. 2. The substances that are used to achieve
purity
• Water – As preceded
• Soil : So if you do not find water, then perform dry ablution
with pure earth. [AlMa’idah: 6]
• Can other substances be used ?: 2 opinions
 Opinion 1: Water Removes Impurity
 Opinion 2: All(pure) Cleaning Agents remove physical Impurity i.e
Any remover of Impurity, whether it be a liquid, Sunlight, Wind,
earth/soil etc.
 Permissibility of using stones instead of water for cleansing after relieving oneself
 Removing Impurity from sandals by wiping them on the ground

16. 3. The types of water
• Type 1: Purifying
 Tahur water is not only pure in and of itself, but also possesses the attributes of
purification
 This water is upon its original creation and none of its inherent properties have been
compromised, i.e there is no change in its colour, smell or taste i.e Underground water,
rain water etc.
• Type 2: Pure
 Tahir water is pure in and of itself but it does not possess the property of purification
and one can not make use of it for ritual purity. i.e pure substance (meat, tea etc) has
mixed in the water so that its inherent characteristics have changed.
• Type 3: Impure
 Najis water is that water which has mixed with impure substances such that its smell or
colour or taste has changed. i.e Sewage water

17. 3. The types of water

18. 4. Rulings regarding quantities of water
Ahkam pertaining to water regardless of quantity
• Rule 1: Any amount of water that has mixed with something pure and has
significantly changed in colour, taste or smell is regarded as that new
substance i.e Water infused with tea leaves is no longer called water but tea.
• Rule 2: Any Amount of water that is mixed with something najis and
consequently changed in colour, taste or smell will be regarded as najis water
ie. Sewage Water
• Rule 3: Large amount of water that is mixed with such a small amount of
najasah that it remains unchanged in colour, taste or smell is still purifying

19. 5. Having doubts about water and purity
The Central principle in this matter is the legal maxim:
Certainty is not removed by doubt.
The proof for this principle, A man informed prophet(saw) that he feels some
wind escaping him during prayer, so he(saw) said: He should not leave until
he hears the sound or smells it.

20. 6. The types of physical impurity with respect
to purification
Rule: The default hokum for everything is of purity until proven otherwise
• Proof: .. Allah has made subject to you whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the
earth..(Surat Luqman, 31:20)
Rule: Certainty is not removed by doubt
• Proof: Hadith discussed earlier
Physical Impurities that affect one’s Taharah:
 Saliva of the Dog:
 If a dog licks any of your untensils, then you should wash it seven times(Bukhari)
 Impurities of Swine:
 From Abi Tha’labah alKhushani radiallahu anhu said: I said: O Rasulullah! We are in the land of
the people of the book. They drink wine and eat pork. What do you advise regarding their
utensils? So then he said: Leave them aside if you can find other utensils as replacement, and if
you cannot, then (first) wash them with water.
 Human Excretions:
 Urine and faces of human human beings is najis by concensus

21. 6. The types of physical impurity with respect
to purification
 Animal Excrement:
 Urine and litter of haram animals is impure, whereas in the case of halal animals, it is pure
 Flowing blood:
 Say: I do not find anything forbidden for consumption in that which has been revealed to me
except dead meat or flowing blood or pork, for verily it is Rijs (impurity) or Fisq (transgression)
offered to other than Allah. However, whoever is forced without desiring it, nor going beyound
bounds in it, then indeed your Lord is most Forgiving, most Merciful. [alAn’am: 145]
 The Pre-seminal fluid:
 Make wudu and wash your private parts(Bukhari)
 Semen:
 Aishah radiallahu anhu used to simply scrape off semen from the clothes of Rasulullah and then
he would pray in those clothes ( 2 Opinion)
 Vomit: Strong difference of Opinion
 Alcohol: Impure according to majority Opinion( 6:90-91)
Pure(Shafi, Hanbali) Impure(Hanfi, Maliki)
Default purity Was washed off the clothing
Orgin of man Exits the private like urine
Was scrapped off the clothing Obligates ghusl

22. 6. The types of physical impurity with respect
to purification

23. 7. The number of washes required to remove
physical impurity
 Impurity on the earth:
 then a single pouring of water is enough to clean it, due to the hadeeth of the Arab
urinating in the mosque.
 Impurity on any object:
 If any of you were to wake up from his sleep, then let him not put his water into
any vessel until he has washed his hand three times, since he may not be aware
where his hands were (lit. spent the night).

24. Chapter 2: Rulings on utensils and other
objects
 Gold and silver utensils: Gold and silver utensils are not permissible to be used
for purification or any other purpose due to hadith: Do not drink in the utensils of gold
and silver and do not eat in their plates for verily it is for them in this life and for you in
the hereafter.
 Utensils and vessels of Non-Muslims: Can be used as long as there is no
impurity on them.
 Utensils and vessels of Non-Muslims: Can be used as long as there is
no impurity on them : Hadith: It is not impure, it is only from the dwellers of your
homes.
 The leather and skin from halal animals: The Prophet(saw) found a dead
sheep and so he remarked: Would that you have benefited from it. So it was said to him:
But it is dead! So the Prophet(saw) replied: Verily that which has been forbidden is to
consume it.
 Dead animals(non-sea food) are impure except for humans: And
indeed We have honored the Children of Adam. [Al-Isra: 70]

25. Chapter 2: Rulings on utensils and other
objects
 Except the dead of the sea: Gold Its water is pure and its dead are halal.
 Insects, worms, flies etc.. that do not have any flowing blood: it is
pure, due to hadith: If a fly falls in a utensil of one of you, then let him dip it in and then
throw it away, for verily in one wing is a sickness and in the other is its cure.

26. Chapter 2: Rulings on utensils and other
objects
 Except the dead of the sea: Gold Its water is pure and its dead are halal.
 Insects, worms, flies etc.. that do not have any flowing blood: it is
pure, due to hadith: If a fly falls in a utensil of one of you, then let him dip it in and then
throw it away, for verily in one wing is a sickness and in the other is its cure.

27. Chapter 4: Rulings on bathroom manners
 Du’a before entering and exiting: It is recommended immediately prior to
entering the bathroom to say the prophetic dua.
 Other Etiquettes of going to the bathroom:
 One should enter with left foot and exit with the right foot
 It is not recommended to enter with something with the name of Allah on it.
 Sit as he is comfortable and seclusion when relieving.
 A person should conceal himself, such that he goes as far away as possible or find a
place that is secluded
 One should not relieve himself into a hole in the ground or into a crack, since they
are among the dwelling places of the Jinn
 Not relieving into a hole in the ground, or urinating or defecating in road ways, nor
places of rest and shade.
 Beware of the two cursed ones. They asked: Who are the two cursed ones O Messenger of Allah? He
replied: the ones who defecate on roadways or in their places of rest and shade.
 Not touch the private parts with his right hand.
 Let none of you hold his penis whilst urinating, nor should he wipe by his right.

28. What is the ruling in facing the Qibla whilst
relieving oneself?
Hadith No 1:
When someone wants to relieve himself, then let him not face the qiblah, nor turn his back to it,
rather turn to the east or west. [Reported by AlBukhari (No. 144, 394), Muslim (No. 264)]
Hadith No 2:
Ibn Umar radiallahu anhu saw Rasulullah sallallahu alaihi wa sallam behind the hut of Hafsah
radiallahu anha relieving himself facing Shaam with his back towards the Qiblah
Hadith No 3:
The prophet(saw) forbade them from facing the qiblah or turning their backs toward it while
relieving onesel, yet a year before his(saw) death, jabir(ra) saw him face qiblah(Abu Dawud 13)
Hadith No 4:
Ibn Umar placed a screen between him and the direction of the qiblah and uriniated(abu Dawud
11)

29. The opinions of the scholars
1. Both facing and turning one’s back to the Qiblah are haram, whether
in a building or in a open place [Ahmed (1), At-Thawree , Ibraheem ]
2. Both are permissible in building and open places [Malik, Dawood]
3. Both are haram in open spaces, but permissible in buildings [Malik,
Shafee and Ahmed (2)]
4. Facing the Qiblah is haram, but it is ok to turn one’s back [Abu Haneefa
and Ahmed (3)]
5. The prohibition is downgraded to makrooh [Abu Haneefa and Ahmed
(4)]
6. It is only permissible to turn one’s back in buildings [ Abu Yusuf]
7. All is haram – even facing or turning one’s back to Jerusalem

30. Dry Wiping
When cleaing oneself, one can dry wipe or use water. If a
person dry wipes alone, this should be done a minimum there
times, any additional times should be of an odd number
 Hadith: Whoever dry wipes, then let him do so for an odd number of
times.
 Using the water is better then dry wiping, although the latter is
sufficient due to verse: In it are men who love to clean and to purify
themselves. And Allah loves those who make themselves clean and
pure. [At Tawbah: 108]
Standing and urinating is generally discouraged but allowed if
the need arises as the Prophet(saw) done so

31. Chapter 5: Sunan of Al-Fitra
There are numerous hadith concerning the matters of the fitra. In total after
analyzing the hadith on the topic, we have total of fourteen matters of the fitrah:
They are:
1. Trimming the moustache
2. Growing the beard
• [Satan has said,] 'Indeed I will order them to change the nature created by
Allah.'...^ (Qur 'an 4: 119)
• Abu Hurayrah (ra) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said, "Cut the
moustache and leave the beard, being different from the Magians."[Muslim]
• Ibn 'Umar also narrated that the Prophet (saw) said, "Differ from the polytheists,
leave the beard to grow and trim the moustache."[Bukhari and Muslim.]
1. Using the Siwaak
• Prophet (saw) said, "lf it were not to be a hardship on my Nation, I
would order them to use the toothstick when making ablution.

32. Sunan of Al-Fitra
4. Gargling
5. Taking in water in the nose (for cleaning)
6. Blowing out the water from the nostrils whilst cleaning
7. Parting the hair in the middle of the head
8. Circumcision
9. Using water when answering the call of nature
10.Sprinkling the underwear with water to repel doubt.
11.Trimming the nails
12.Plucking/Shaving the arm pits
13.Shaving the pubic hair
14.Washing between the fingers

33. Chapter 6: The Wudhu
The Evidence from Quran:
O you who believe! When you intend to offer the prayer, wash your faces and your hands up
to the elbows, wipe over your heads, and your feet up to the ankles…. Surah Maidah 5:6
The Evidence from Sunnah:
He washed his hands three times. Then he rinsed his mouth and inserted water into his nose
(and breathed it out). Then he washed his face three times. Then he washed his right arm until
the elbows three times. Then he washed his left arm until his elbows three times. Then he
wiped his head. Then he washed his right foot until the ankles three times. Then he did
similarly with the left foot. He then said, "I saw the Messenger of Allah make ablution like this
ablution of mine[Bukhari and Muslim]

34. Chapter 6: The Wudhu
Quick Descriptions of Wudu:
 The intention in the heart is required since wudhu is an act of worship.
 Say Bismillah. Wash the wrists - Washing three times is best.
 Wash the mouth and nose - done by taking up one handful of water - taking
in water into the mouth and nose with the same handful and then spitting
out the water and blowing out the water from the nose using the left hand.
Three times is best.
 Wash the face be completely. Three times is best.
 Wash the arms up to and including the elbows. Three times is best.
 Wipe over the head once.
 Wipe the ears once – the outside of the ears with the thumb and the inside
using your index finger
 Wash the feet. Three times is best.

35. Chapter 6: The Wudhu
The Conditions of Wudhu
• Intention:
• a) For the action itself &
• b) For the sake of Allah
The Obligatory acts of Wudhu
• Washing the face and running the fingers through the beard if thin.
• Washing the arms up to and including the elbows.
• Wiping the head.
• Washing the feet up to and including the ankles.
• Keeping the order of the above acts.
• Al-Muwaalaat-Continuity of the washing, limb after limb
• The Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam saw a man praying and in the bottom of his foot an area the size of a
dirham that had not been washed with water, so the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam ordered him to
repeat his wudu and his prayer.

36. Chapter 6: The Wudhu

37. The Recommended acts of Wudhu
• Saying bismillah
• Using the miswaak
• Abu Hurayrah narrated that the Prophet (saw) said, "If it were not to be a hardship on
my Nation, I would order them to use the toothstick when making every ablution
• Washing the hands at the beginning of wudoo
• Gargling
• Sniffing up water and cleansing the nasal passages
• Running of the fingers through the beard if thick
• Running the water between the fingers and the toes
• To start with the right before the left
• Washing three times
• Duaa after completing
 The Prophet (saw) said, "None of you makes ablution and completes the ablution properly and then says, 'I bear witness that there is
none worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the servant of Allah and His Messenger,' except that the eight gates of
Paradise will be opened for him and he enters from any he wishes." Tirmidhi's narration adds to say, "0' Allah, make me from those who
repent and make me from those who puriiy themselvés."

38. Performing two units of prayer afterwards
After explaining the manner of the Prophet's ablution, 'Uthmán said, “i saw
the Prophet (saw) before ablution like this ablution of mine. And the
Prophet said, 'Whoever makes ablution like this ablution of mine and then
stands and prays two units (rak'ahs) of prayer with no other thoughts
coming to his mind, then his previous sins will be forgiven.'Bukhari, Muslim
Abu Hurayrah also narrated: "The Prophet (saw) said to Bilál at the time of
the Morning Prayer, 'Inform me of a deed you performed in Islam
concerning which you have the most hope for as I heard your footsteps in
front of me in Paradise.' He replied, 'There is no deed concerning which I
am more hopeful except that I never purify myself during the n1ght or day
but that I pray with that purification whatever has been recorded for me co
pray.' Bukhari, Muslim

39. Chapter 9: The Invalidators of Wudhu
That which comes out of the back or front privates:
 Or any of you has relieved himself (then perform ablution…) [AlMa’idah: 6]
Loss of Sense
 The scholars of Islam have complete consensus that any loss of sense, such as due to coma,
drunkenness, madness or anything else breaks the wudu
Deep Sleep?
 Safwan bin Assal radiallahu anhu said: The Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam used to command
us when we were travelling or on our way to not remove the khuffs for three days and nights
except from Janabah and to not remove it from defecating, or urinating or sleep.
Touching the Private Parts??
 The Prophet (saw) said, "Whoever touches his private part should then make ablution."
 The Prophet (saw) also said (about touching one's private part), "Isn't it just a part of you
Eating Camel Meats:
– The prophet was once asked, “Should we perform wudoo’ after eating camel meat?” he replied, “Yes.” (Saheeh
Muslim: 360)

40. Chapter 10: Wiping over the khuffs, socks and
turban
The evidence: From Jarir bin Abdullah: I saw Rasulullah sallallahu alaihi wa sallam urinate then perform
wudu and wipe over his khuffs.
The Pre-Condition: Leave them, for verily I wore them in a state of purity, then he wiped over it.
Length of Time: From Ali radiallahu anhu: The Messenger sallallahu alaihi wa sallam made three days and
nights for the traveller and a day and night for the resident.
Wiping over the Turban: From Amr bin Umiyyah radiallahu anhu: I saw Rasulullah sallallahu alaihi wa
sallam wipe over his turban and his khuffs.
Wiping over non-leather socks (such as woollen socks) and sandals or shoes:
First Opinion: The majority of the scholars including Imaam Abu Haneefa, Imaam Shaafi’ee and Imaam Maalik
are of the opinions is that we cannot wipe over the regular socks.
Second Opinion: Imaam Ahmed says that it is permissible to wipe over regular socks.
Proofs used by the Scholars on this Issue:
Related by al-Mughirah ibn Shubah that"...the Prophet made Wudu (Ablution) and wiped over his socks jaawrabian) and
shoes." (Ahmed, Abu Dawoud, atTirmidhi, ibn Majah) at-Tirmidhi classified it as Hasan Sahih, ibn Hibban declared it as Sahih.

41. Chapter 11: Siwaak
What is the Siwak?
• It is the Instrument or the act of the cleaning
The use of siwak is recommended when:
•Your Breath changes, due to the hadith
• The siwak is purifying for the mouth, beloved to the lord.
•When getting up from sleep
• Whenever the prophet(saw) used to get up at night, he used to clean his mouth with the siwak
•When making wudhu
• Were it not that I am concerned that it would be difficult on my Ummah, I would have ordered them
to use the siwak upon every wudu.
•Upon standing for Prayer
• Were it not that I am concerned that it would be difficult on my Ummah, I would have ordered them
to use the siwak upon every prayer.
•Upon all general times
• From Ibn Abbas radiallahu anhuma: The Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam did not cease to order us
with the siwak – until we were afraid that it would become an obligation

42. Chapter 12: Showering from a state of
Janabah
..an if you are in a state of Janabah, then purify yourselves..Surah Al-
Maidah, 5:6
The manner of performing Ghusl:
I covered the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam whilst he washed himself
from sexual defilement. He started by washing his hands and took water
with this right onto his left hand. Then he washed his private parts and that
surrounding it. Then he hit his hand on the ground, then he made wudu like
he would for prayer, then he poured water on this body (one on the right,
one on the left and one on the head in the middle), then he moved a bit and
washed his legs.

43. A Summary of Ghusl
1. Intention
2. Wash the hands
3. Wash the private parts
4. Make wudhu
5. Wash the head with three scoops of water
6. Wash the rest of the body (starting with the right
side)
7. Wash the feet

44. Ghusl is to be done....
After ejaculation with desire::
• Due to the hadeeth:: If you have ejaculated, then wash yurself.
Sexual Intercourse:
• Due to the hadeeth:: If a man were to sit between her limbs and the two circumcised
parts meet, then a shower is obligatory
Menstruation and Post-Child birth bleeding:
• Due to the Verse:: Due to the verse They ask you concerning menstruation. Say: that is a
harmful thing, therefore keep away from women during their menses and go not go
unto them till they are purified. And when they have purified themselves, then go to
them in the way you have been permitted by Allah. Verily, Allah loves those who turn
unto Him in repentance and loves those who purify themselves.[AlBaqarah: 222]
Upon the deceased:
• Due to the hadeeth:: Wash him with water and infusion of lote tree leaves an odd
number of times

45. When is Ghusl Recommended & Not
Recommended
• Recommended
• Al-mustahadhah: ghusl for every salat or ghusl for zohar & asr and ghusl for
magrib & Isha and ghusl or fajr.
• For the two eids
• Day of Arafat
• Ghusl for the one who washed a dead muslim.
• Ghusl for Ihraam for Hajj & Urmra – Hadeeth of Zaid in Al-Tirmidhi
• Ghusl for entering Makkah
• After accepting Islam [Reported by Abu Dawud (1/252)]
• Not Recommended:
• Prayer and tawaf
• Touching the mushaf
• Recite the Quran
• Sitting in the mosque

46. Chapter 13: Tayammum
And if you are ill, or on a journey, or one of you
comes after answering the call of nature, or
you have been in contact with women and you
do not find water, then perform Tayammum
with the clean earth [Ar. Sa’eed] and rub
therewith your faces and hands. Truly, Allah is
ever pardoning, oft forgiving [4:43]

47. Chapter 13: Tayammum
The manner of tayammum:
• The manner of taymmum is that the earth should be hit/wiped with the
palms one time. Then, the face should be wiped. After wiping the face, the
outside of the right hand should be wiped with the left palm and then vice
versa.
Invalidators of Tayammum:
• Invalidators of wudu.
• Availability of water or ability to use water.

48. Chapter 14: Menstruation & Post Child
Bleeding
The three different types of vaginal bleeding.
• Menstruation
• Defective bleeding
• Post-childbirth bleeding
They ask you concerning menstruation. Say: that is a harmful thing,
therefore keep away from women during their menses and go not go
unto them till they are purified. And when they have purified
themselves, then go to them in the way you have been permitted by
Allah. Verily, Allah loves those who turn unto Him in repentance and
loves those who purify themselves. [AlBaqarah: 222]