454022781-ODN-Planning-and-Design-Suggestions-TLF.pdf

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ODN
Planning&Design
Telefonica GPON

Contents
1. Deployment Scenarios Design
2. ODN Topology Design
3. ODN Protection Design
4. ODN Splitting Strategy
5. ODN Equipment site location
6. ODN Link Loss Budget
Page2

Optical Distribution Network (ODN) for
FTTx
FTTH
FTTB
Building
Telephone
Room (FAT)
Manhole
Distribution Cable Drop cable
Fibre Distribution Point
Fibre Distribution Point
Feeder Cable
OLT
FTTC
Underground
Manhole Manhole
CO
Building
Riser Duct
Customer Access Point
Customer Access Point
Pole
Mounted FAT
or TB
ONT
Roadside
cabinet (FDT)
Indoor

ODN Solution: FTTH
Page 4
Center
office
Home
GPON
GPON
ONT
PC
TV
Phone
Feeder
optical cable
Distribution
optical cable
Drop cable
3-5 km < 300 m
Fiber P2P
P2P
PC
TV
Phone
PC
Phone

Contents
Page5

Basic Network Topologies
Page6
Star(tree) Ring(Loop
)
Bus
CO
Closure
FDT
FAT

CO
CO
Star (Tree & Branch) Cable
Topology
• The CO is located at the nominal
central part
• Cable sizes are tapered down
into smaller from CO
• Diversity can only be fed by a
separate cable/star

Ring (Loop) Cable Topology
 The CO is located at a point of the ring
 Same cable size throughout the ring
 Diversity can be fed from either sides of the ring
F
e
a
t
u
r
e
s

Bus Topology
Page9
CO
CO
CO
CO
• The cable links to two COs that are not far apart
• Fibres can be used for both local & junction applications
• Diversity can only be fed by separate COs

Sector Consumer Sector Business Sector
Customer
Type
Private individual Teleworker
SOHO
SME Enterprise, Hospitality
Route
Type
Residential & Scattered Business
Routes
Dense Business Routes
Suggested
Topology
Star (Tree & Branch) Ring or Bus
Design of ODN Cable Network Topology
Buildings Residential Buildings Commercial Buildings
Urban
Landscape
Single-Dwelling
Unit (SDU) Areas
•Villa-type
dwellings
•Row-housing
Multi-Dwelling
Unit (MDU) Areas
•Apartments
•Public Housing
Scattered Commercial
•Multi-tenant
•Malls
•Shops, Offices
Dense Business Areas
•Commercial Complex
•Down town urban
area

Contents
Page11

Type A -fiber backup
Page12
Main
features
There is no backup on devices.
When the primary fiber fails, the services on the fiber are transferred to
the secondary fiber.
Service interruption occurs, and the interruption duration depends on
the time of line recovery.
When disconnection occurs on the line from splitter to ONT, service
interruption will occur and no backup happens.

Type B - OLT interface backup
Page13
OLT provides two GPON interfaces.
This type protects the primary fiber. When the primary fiber fails, the
services on the fiber are transferred to the secondary fiber.
The protected objects are restricted to the fiber from the OLT to the
ONT and boards of the OLT. For the faults that occur on other parts, no
protection is provided. With potential security problems, it cannot satisfy
the customer requirements.
Fault locating fails.
Main
features

Type C - all backup
Page14
This type is a type of whole-network protection. Two routes are
provided between OLT and ONT, ensuring recovery of various faults.
It is complex to realize this solution and it is not cost-effective.
Main
features

Type D - whole link protection
Page15
It supports the usage of mixed ONTs in the network. ONTs either with
a single PON port or with two PON ports can be used. Users can select
ONTs based on the actual needs.
It is complex to realize this solution and it is not cost-effective.
Main
features

Page 16
Method of an ODN Design-Dual-homing Protection
Mode for the OLT
EMS
ONT #N
…
OLT A
OLT B
ONT #2
Optical splitter
Working interface
Standby interface
launching
No launching
ONT #1
EMS
ONT #N
…
OLT A
OLT B
ONT #2
Optical splitter
launching
Alarm to EMS
Open the standby
interface
 The EMS configures
the GPON working
interface and standby
interface.
 The working interface
works but the standby
interface does not
work.
 If the working interface is
powered off, an alarm is
generated.
 Then, the standby
interface works as the
working interface under
the control of the EMS.
Working interface
Standby interface
ONT #1

Page 17
Method of an ODN Design-Solution Selection
Protection Scheme Advantage Disadvantage
Type A
Optical cables are protected at
the feeder cable section.
No protection against other faults
Type B
(recommended)
1. Optical cables are protected at
the feeder cable section.
2. The OLT board is protected.
No protection against other faults
Type C The entire network is protected. High investment and hard to implement
Type D The entire network is protected. High investment and hard to implement
Dual homing (P2P)
Loop protection formed by
different COs.
Very high investment and hard to implement

Contents
Page18

Splitting Strategy Considerations
 In deciding the number of stages of optical splitting
to be used, ODN Designer should take into account
these factors :
 customer density,
 distribution of customers
 utilization of the splitter’s output ports.
Page19

Centralized Optical Splitting
 In general one-stage optical splitting can be used for
all FTTx architectures. For FTTH, it is suitable for
commercial building, medium rise building and villas.
Page20
Optical
splitter
OLT
1- Stage Optical Splitting
ONU
ONU

Centralized Optical Splitting in
FTTH
Page21
FTTH for Medium Rise Buildings (< 10 storey)
Splitter in the Telephone
Room of the building
 Centralized optical splitting
is also suitable for FTTH for
medium rise MDU. With
households not more than
50 per customer building,
ODN designer can deploy a
1:32 optical splitter to
serve the whole customer
building.

Optical splitter in
customer building
ODF
ONU
ONU
ONU
OLT
Feeder Cable Primary
Distribution
Cable
Secondary
Distribution
Cable
Primary
FDT FAT
Secondary
FDT
Location of Centralized Optical
Splitter
 Indoor Environment
 In centralized telecom
room of small community
area.
 In Telecom/ ELV room of
customer building.
Page22
 On wall-mounted fibre Terminal Box (TB) in the
riser duct of the customer building.

ODF
ONU
ONU
ONU
OLT
Feeder Cable
Primary
Distribution
Cable
Secondary
Distribution
Cable
Primary
FDT
Secondary
FDT
Closure
Optical splitter housed in outdoor
environment ( In FDT/Splice Closure)
Location of Centralized Optical
Splitter
 Outdoor Environment
 At the Primary Fibre
Distribution Terminal
(FDT)
 At the Secondary Fibre
Distribution Terminal
Page23
 At the Fibre Splice closure in the manhole or on
telephone pole.

Cascaded Optical Splitting
Page24
OLT
2-Stages Optical Splitting
ONU
Optical
splitter
Optical
splitter
Optical
splitter
ONU
ONU
ONU
1st Stage
Optical Splitter
2nd Stage Optical
Splitter

Location of Cascaded Optical
Splitter
 Splitter at Exchange and FAT
 This design is suitable for area where most of the customers
are living in houses ( Single Dwelling Unit, SDU) and that
Multiple Dwelling Units (MDU) are few.
Page25
ODF
2-Stages Optical Splitting
ONU
ONU
ONU
ONU
2nd
Stage Optical
Splitter at FAT
OLT
1st
stage splitter at the Exchange

ODF
OLT
ONU
ONU
ONU
ONU
ONU
ONU
1st
stage optical
splitter at the FAT
2nd stage optical
splitter at TB
Splitter
 Two-Stages Splitting at Customer Building
Page26
 This design is suitable for
area where the customers
are densely populated and
live in high rise buildings
(MDU). This design is
widely adopted in Korea
and Hong Kong.

ODF
OLT
ONU
ONU
ONU
ONU
1st
stage optical
splitter at the FDT
2nd stage optical
splitter at FAT
FDT
Drop cable
Splitter
 Two Stages Optical Splitting at FDT & FAT
Page27
 This design is particularly
suitable for scattered SDUs in
the rural areas. It is also
suitable for rural community
where the Network Operator
wants to upgrade the
performance of her broadband
network.

Page 28
Method of an ODN Design-Splitting Solution
Confirmation
Splitting Mode Concept Advantage Disadvantage
Centralized
splitting
Splitters are placed in a centralized
manner. Generally, in centralized
splitting, 1-level splitting is adopted.
Centralized management,
less splices, less link loss,
low maintenance cost
Hard to expand
the capacity
Distributed
splitting
Splitters are widely distributed, and
splitting close to the user end is
installed in closure. Distributed
splitting may not necessarily be 2-
level splitting.
1. Easy for future expansion
2. Relatively small
investment
1. Hard for
management
2. High
maintenance
cost
★Huawei recommends centralized splitting; however, for customers with limited investment, distributed splitting is recommended.

Configuration Criteria of Optical
Splitting
 The overall ratio of the optical splitting shall be
based on the bandwidth requirement of the
customers and also its total link loss.
 ITU-T G.984-1—Gigabit-capable Passive Optical
Networks (GPON) recommended that for GPON, the
total splitting of an ODN is 1:64.
 It also recommended that for GPON, the physical
reach- the maximum physical distance between the
ONU and the OLT, should not be more than 20km.
Page29

Splitter solutions
Type
Splitting
Ratio
GPON
bandwidth
Typical application
Centralized
splitting
1: 8 156M/312M For Mobile Backhaul
1:16 78M/156M For Enterprise/Office, VIP
1:32 39M/78M For Resident, VIP, Enterprise
1:64 19M/39M For Resident
Cascading
Splitting
1:2 + 1:8 78M/156M For Enterprise/Office, VIP
1:2+1:16 39M/78M For Resident, VIP, Enterprise
1:4+1:8 39M/78M For Resident, VIP, Enterprise
1:4+1:16 19M/39M For Resident
Typical GPON: Upstream 1.25Gbps/Downstream 2.5Gbps
03/30/20

Splitter solution
Page31
Scenario 1 : High-Medium Rise Building
characteristic :
1 ） More than 64 units
2 ） With Telecom Equipment Room (TER) at G/F
and cable riser
Solution 1
One-stage centralized splitting
Splitter in ODF at TER
Drop wire connected from the splitter port and link
to the ATB in the customer premises

Splitter solution
Page32
Characteristic :
1)More than 64 units
2)With Telecom Equipment Room (TER) at G/F
3)With cable riser
Solution 2
One-stage centralized splitting
Splitter in ODF at TER
Provide vertical blockwiring with fibre division box
at appropriate floor
Drop wire connected from the fibre division box
and link to the ATB in the customer premises

Splitter solution
Page33
Characteristic :
1)More than 64 units
2)With Telecom Equipment Room at G/F
3)With cable riser
Solution 3
Scattered splitting
Wall mounted splitter units located at
appropriate floors
Drop wire connected from the splitter ports and
link to the ATB in the customer premises

Splitter solution
Page34
Scenario 2 : Low rise building
Characteristic :
1)Less than 64 units
2)Without Telecom Equipment
Room and cable riser
Solution
Centralized splitting at FDT
Provide fibre division box at
appropriate floor
Fibre cable connected from FDT
to each fibre division box
Drop wire connected from the
division box and link to the ATB in
the customer premises

Splitter solution
Page35
Scenario 3 : Villa Type Houses
Characteristic
1)Single Dwelling Unit
2)Without Telecom Equipment Room and cable riser
3)Customers are scattered and no U/G duct route
Solution 1
One-stage centralized splitting at FDT
FAT installed on aerial pole
Use aerial drop wire from FAT connect to SDU

Splitter solution
Page36
Scenario 3 : Villa Type Houses
Characteristic
1)Single Dwelling Unit
2)Without Telecom Equipment Room and cable riser
3)Customers are scattered and no U/G duct route
Solution 2
2-stage splitting
1st
stage in FDT and 2nd
stage in FAT
FAT installed on aerial pole
Use aerial drop wire from FAT connect to SDU

Splitter solution
Page37
Scenario 4 : Large nos. of Villa Type Houses + small nos. of low-rise
building
Solution 1: Install FDT with splitters
For SDU, one-stage splitting at FDT
For low-rise building, 1st
stage splitting at FDT and 2nd
stage splitting at FAT inside the building

Splitter solution
Page38
Scenario 4 : Large nos. of Villa Type Houses + small nos. of low-rise
building
Solution 2: Install FDT with splitters
For SDU, one-stage splitting at FDT
For low-rise building, one-stage splitting at FAT inside the building

Contents
Page39

Where to Locate OLT?
 Different OLT location has different advantages and disadvantages, location selection depends on the
reasonable cost of network construction and network development requirements of the operator .
 Utilize the long distance coverage feature of PON (20Km) as much as possible.
S1: Aggregation site
Adv.
•Longer distance coverage
•Easy for operation and
maintenance
Disadv.
•Need more optical cables
S2: CO site
Adv.
•Medium distance coverage
•Easy for management maintenance
•Balance between capacity and
resources occupation (Plant ,cable
and duct)
Aggregation layer Outdoor Cabinet
CO
S3: Outdoor Cabinet
Adv.
•Save optical cables
Disadv.
•Difficult for management and
maintenance
•Shorter distance coverage
•Power supply required
03/30/20

Where to Locate the Splitter?
Outdoor Cabinet
C
O
S1: Splitter in CO site
Adv.
•Easy for management maintenance
Disadv.
•Lots of fiber are needed
•Lack of network flexibility
•Higher deployment cost
S3: Splitter in Outdoor Cabinet
Adv.
•Good at Network flexibility
•Low cost in residential distribution network
•Higher utilization rate
Disadv.
•Need more drop cables
Res,CO
S4: Splitter in basement
Adv.
•Save optical cables
Disadv.
•Network is Complicated
•Non-efficient utilization of PON ports
•Suitable for high density building
S2: Splitter in Res. CO
site
Adv.
•Centralized, easy/flexible to
mount
•Network is Simplified
•Cost saving in density scenario.
03/30/20

Page 42
Where to Locate ODF, FDT,FAT and Closure
Abide by the following principles when installing devices such as ODF, FDH, and closure:
 Ensure that the selected installation position is available. (Permission from local government and resident owners
must be obtained, and the ambient environment must not affect the normal running of devices installed.)
 Use as few optical fibers as possible to minimize the overall cost (including the construction cost and maintenance
cost).
 Ensure that the coverage radius and the maximum differential distance (20 km) meet the requirements.
ODF FDT
Closure
FAT

Page 43
Method of an ODN Design-Equipment
Selection
FAT
series
Cable/Closure
series
Connector
series
FDT
ATB
FDT
series
Optical
splitter
series
Indoor Wall-mounted Outdoor Splitter
Indoor FAT
Indoor Rack-mounted
Outdoor FAT
TB/ATB
series TB
Optical cable
Splice Unit
Closure
Pigtail Adapter Patch cord Mechanical splicer FA connector
Flexible optical
cable
ODF
ODF
series
Integrated Splice &
Termination Unit
ODF
FDT FDT
Modular Splitter
Integrated splicing
and termination
unit
Cabling unit
cable entry unit Base
Principles of selecting a device: reserve certain margin for future capacity expansion
Huawei's
ODN pro
ducts

Contents
Page44

Optical Power Budget
Page45
Note:
 End to End fiber link
loss budget calculation
 Class B+ is used for
Huawei OLT and ONT
product, standard spec
as shown in table
 Normally 3 db is spare
for maintenance
margin
Table G.984.2 – Classes for optical path loss
Class A Class B Class B ＋ Class C
Minimum loss 5 dB 10 dB 13 dB 15 dB
Maximum loss 20 dB 25 dB 28 dB 30 dB
Items Unit Single fibre
OLT OLT
Mean launched power MIN dBm +1.5
Mean launched power MAX dBm 5
Minimum sensitivity dBm -28
Minimum overload dBm -8
ONU ONU
Mean launched power MIN dBm 0.5
Mean launched power MAX dBm 5
Minimum sensitivity dBm -27
Minimum overload dBm -8

Total loss of an ODN =
fiber attenuation × (length of cable) + splitter attenuation + splice attenuation
× (number of splices) + connector attenuation × (number of connectors) +
safety margin
Page46
Optical
Power
Budget
Fiber
Fiber
Attenuatio
Attenuatio
n
n
Splitter
Splitter
Attenuatio
Attenuatio
n
n
Splice
Splice
Attenuatio
Attenuatio
n
n
Connector
Connector
Attenuatio
Attenuatio
n
n

Page47

Optical Power Calculation Case
Study
Page48
Optical power attenuation in ODN link
No Item Description
Optical power attenuation
(dB)
remark
1
Fiber optical cable
(G.652)
1310 nm optical cable
(db/km)
0.35 5
1490 nm optical cable
(db/km)
0.25
2 Connecting point
Fusion splicing point 0.1 12
Adapter connector 0.2 7
FA connector 0.5 0
Mechanical splicing point 0.3 0
3
Splitter unit
1:64 splitter 19.7 0
4 1:32 splitter 17 0
5 1:16 splitter 13.5 0
6 1:8 splitter 10.2 2
7 1:4 splitter 7.2 0
8 1:2 splitter 3.5 0
9 Redundancy redundancy loss 3
E2E Link attenuation ＝ 5×0.35 ＋ 12×0.1 ＋ 7×0.2 ＋ 10.2×2 =24.75dB
Attenuation Calculation Mode
OLT ODF Closure & 1:8 splitter FAT & 1:8 splitter ATB ONT
0.2 0.2+0.1 0.1+0.2+10.2+0.2+0.1 0.1+0.2 0.2
closure
0.1
0.1+10.2+0.1 0.1+0.2+0.1
TB
closure
closure closure
0.1
0.1 0.1
Legend
adapter
connecter
splicing
Fiber core

PON Coverage Calculation Case
Study
Page49
No redundancy loss is included

Summary
 ODN Topology Design
 ODN Protection Design
 ODN Splitting Strategy
 ODN Link Loss Budget
Page50

Glossary
 FTTx : Fibre to the X
 FTTH : Fibre to the Home
 FTTO : Fibre to the Office
 FTTB : Fibre to the Building
 FTTC : Fibre to the Curb
 MDU : Multi Dwelling Unit
 SDU : Single Dwelling Unit
 OLT : Optical Line Terminal
Page51
 ODN : Optical Fibre
Distribution Network
 ONU : Optical Network
Unit
 ODF : Optical
Distribution Frame
 MSAN : Multi Service
Access Network
 ITU_T : International
Telecom Union-Telecom
Sector

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