Healthcare Public Health

1. CHALLENGE FACING PUBLIC HEALTH 1
Challenge Facing Public Health: Is Disease Detection by Medical Intelligence
Modupe O Sarratt
University of Maryland University College

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Abstract (Summary)
The challenge to medical intelligence for disease surveillance contradict the role of the public
health to get involved with the communities for detecting diseases by examination to prevent
diseases with coaching and treating those who may be infected for defeating diseases and stop
the spreading of the diseases. Therefore, the medical intelligence for disease surveillance is
dynamic of the military system for investigating the peoples’ activities is not for preventing
diseases. Nevertheless, medical intelligence for disease surveillance represents a small
component of the public health for collaboration to find the source or the root of diseases.

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Challenges Facing Public Health
The role of the public health is to detect a disease for preventing a disease, and the
complexity of the public health is not able to detect a disease for not preventing a disease. The
important element of public health is to provide adequate, timely medical intervention for
tracking, monitoring, and controlling disease outbreak. However, the challenge is that medical
intelligence that allows common and expected diseases or infectious agent at an endemic level
that usually present in a community to be disregarded to focus on deadly diseases or infectious
agent at an epidemic level for an outbreak of biochemical agent that have the potential to cause
mass harm internationally for what is medical intelligence and the challenges for public health?
What is Medical Intelligence?
Medical Intelligence also knows as an Epidemic Intelligence by CDC for public health is
the category of intelligence in the collection, evaluation, and interpretation of foreign medical,
bio-scientific and environmental information for strategic planning. Department of Defense
defined medical intelligence as:
That of category intelligence resulting from collection, evaluation, analysis, and
interpretation of foreign medical, bio-scientific, and environmental information that is of
interest to strategic planning and to military medical planning and operations for the
conservation of the fighting strength of friendly forces and the formation of assessments
of foreign medical capabilities in both military and civilian sectors . (Staff, 2001)
The civilian sector aimed at surveying biochemical infectious disease is the CDC preparedness
of the public health for readiness to be involved with preventing and treating biochemical
infectious disease at an epidemic level.

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Medical intelligence is a challenge for the public health because medical Intelligence is
new for the peril of biological and chemical terrorism at home and abroad for globalization to
detect hidden diseases within and the disease for the potential to cross over international borders
to strengthening the relationship between military intelligence. Bowsher et al., (2016) described
medical intelligence as a “distinct field for global health agenda for the adopting of the public
health program for action” (p.269) to illustrate Medical Intelligence.:
Is the initiative towards a global health security program to gathers the step to
highlight the plan in which the Ebola epidemic in West Africa and the killing of Osama
Bin Laden by the US intelligence services to gauge Medical Intelligence for the role it
can play in global health security as a form of health deliverance that aligned with
definition of global health for World Health Organization (Bowsher, 2016, p.270).
The prediction for medical intelligence is having the capability for critical intelligence to
evaluate risk to health under the framework of military and civilian is a significant component of
national security. To suggest medical intelligence is a national plan for global health. Therefore,
the methods of medical intelligence are dynamic of surveillance system to be able to detect an
action for biochemical that has the potential to cause casualties and diseases at anywhere, for a
collaborative effort to defeat biochemical terrorists on a national scale for global health, is a great
challenge for the public health that only instituted to prevent diseases.
The challenges of medical intelligence
The challenge of medical intelligence is the pros and cons of precision and accuracy for a
disease surveillance that observe a behavior activity instead of a disease to suggest that a disease
is not limited to an activity. To detect a disease is by interacting with the people to examine the

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impact of a disease that influence person’s health for information not by surveillance. Also, the
challenge includes how to implement surveillance training in the public health education for
observing a disease instead of preventing a disease will be difficult and confusing for
investigating a disease instead of preventing a disease.
Furthermore, medical intelligence for disease surveillance contradicts medical
intervention for treating a disease. Medical intelligence for disease surveillance will hinder the
ability to interact to collect health information that is accurate for detecting a disease from its
source. Also, to observe a disease at a distance by surveillance is not knowing of disease by
informing. Disease surveillance for medical intelligence is counterproductive for the role of the
public health to intervene in preventing disease for not spreading, to minimize the effect of a
disease, and to know a disease for initiating treatment that will prevent a disease, there is no way
to prevent a disease by surveillance for medical intelligence.
Likewise, there is no way to detect a disease by surveillance because it is an image of a
disease for inaccuracy, imprecision, mistakenness, and erroneousness for preventing a disease for
wrongness. Imagined a surveillance of coughing activities for medical intelligence to suggest
tuberculous or an epidemic of flu to diagnose a disease for treatment to prevent disease.
To know a disease is for preventing a disease require contact with those who are infected
with a disease. Surveillance is a system of military or the government for intelligence gathering
to analyze for action is the opposite of the public health to intervene to preventing disease by
involvement at home or abroad.
Although public health to intervene to prevent disease has involved to include the
technology of social media and the internet for surveillance of health information. According to

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Brownstein et.al, (2009), having “the digital disease detection for harnessing the web for public
health surveillance” is the Health Information Technology (HIT)
Nevertheless, medical intelligence by surveillance represent a small component of the
public health for collaboration to find the source of a disease, however, to treat a disease
associated with warfare is military intelligence to establish a rescue location for the public health
intervention is very important.
To believe is very important
Believe it to be very important is that medical intelligence for disease surveillance is
limited to the circumstance where public health and safety is at risk and without the military
intelligence, medical intelligence is not sufficient. For example, a medical intelligence of a war
zone for a biochemical attack is not enough if there is no military intelligence to transport the
people out of the infected area or unsafe environment to initiate for public health intervention, to
treat and prevent a disease. In addition, medical intelligence is value driven for health and safety
that support care delivery for the best outcomes.
With the innovation of medical intelligence, there is now a two ways to prevent and treat
diseases, the first way, is by information for detecting a disease in a safe environment to deploy
public health workers. Another way is by medical intelligence for surveying a disease in an
unsafe environment to gather data to organize and train public health worker for actionable that
will enable the initiation to prevent a disease or to treat a disease for public health service. Both
ways can be accomplished with social behavior for interaction (friendly) or by an order for
routine and functional surveillance of activities with medical intelligence. Becker & Maiman,
(1975), infers “Sociobehavioral is the determinants of compliance with health and medical care

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for recommendation”. Either way, information about a disease and medical intelligence for
surveillance a disease are the two methods for detecting and tracking of diseases to initiate step
or plan for prevention and treatment.
Despite the challenges of medical intelligence for public health, it is important motivation
to render a supportive intervention for evidence-based intelligence to coordinate care for
improving health outcomes. However, medical intelligence for the public health to prevent
disease is not sufficient on the global scale to combat an epidemic outbreak of bioterrorism that
predestined to be a catastrophic outbreak of military intelligence. The greatest challenge and
obstacle to a biochemical terrorist is a lack of action with no communication for not able to
detect activities for an event to happen. Bioterrorism or biochemical terror is watching in action
for not detectable is to affect for disaster for not preventable, no medical intelligence can prevent
9/11.

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References
Becker, M. H., & Maiman, L. A. (1975). Sociobehavioral determinants of compliance with
health and medical care recommendations. Medical care, 13(1), 10-24.
Bowsher, G., Milner, C., & Sullivan, R. (2016). Medical intelligence, security and global health:
the foundations of a new health agenda. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine,
109(7), 269-273.
Brownstein, J. S., Freifeld, C. C., & Madoff, L. C. (2009). Digital disease detection—harnessing
the Web for public health surveillance. New England Journal of Medicine, 360(21)153-
2157.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmp0900702#t=article
Staff, J. (2001). Joint Publication 1-02, DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms