Basics of english

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MOATAZ AHMED ElNADY
BASICS OF ENGLISH

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‫البسيطة‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫تركيب‬:
1–. ‫ضمير‬ / ‫اسم‬ : ‫فاعل‬
2–. ‫ناقص‬ / ‫مساعد‬ / ‫أساسي‬ : ‫فعل‬
3–. ‫مفعول‬
4–. ‫حال‬
5–. ‫مكان‬
6–. ‫زمان‬
He is reading a story quietly in his room now : ‫مثال‬
‫الضمائر‬ ‫جدول‬
‫المعنى‬ ‫فاعل‬ ‫مفعول‬ ‫ضمير‬‫ملكية‬
‫باسم‬ ‫متبعة‬
‫مملوك‬
‫ملكية‬ ‫ضمير‬
‫متبوع‬ ‫غير‬
‫مملوك‬ ‫باسم‬
‫ضمائر‬
‫منعكسة‬
‫أنا‬ I Me My Mine Myself
‫هو‬ He Him His His Himself
‫هي‬ She Her Her Hers Herself
‫عاقل‬ ‫غير‬ ‫مفرد‬ It It Its Its Itself
‫أنت‬ / َ‫أنت‬ You You Yours Yours Yourself
‫أنتم‬ You You Yours Yours Yourselves
‫نحن‬ We Us Our Ours Ourselves
/ ‫عاقل‬ ( ‫جمع‬
‫عاقل‬ ‫غير‬)
They Them Their Theirs Themselves
Letters Words Sentences
( ‫متحركة‬vowels)
A – E – I – O – U
( ‫ساكنة‬Consonant)
) ‫الحروف‬ ‫باقي‬ (
1 – Noun ( ‫اسم‬ )
2 – Pronoun ( ‫ضمير‬ )
3 – Adjective ( ‫صفة‬ )
4 – Verb ( ‫فعل‬ )
5 – Adverb ( ‫حال‬ )
6 – Preposition ( ‫جر‬ ‫حرف‬ )
7- Conjunction ( ‫رابط‬ )
8 – Interjection &
Exclamations
( ‫عاطفية‬ ‫و‬ ‫تعجبية‬ ‫تعبيرات‬ )
1 – simple ( ‫بسيطة‬ )
2 – Compound ( ‫مركبة‬ )
3 – Complex ( ‫معقدة‬ )
4 – Compound complex (
‫معقدة‬ ‫مركبة‬ )
Basics of English

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‫الفاعل‬ ‫أنواع‬
1–: ‫اسم‬
-: ‫إنسان‬Ali.
-: ‫جماد‬Tea.
-: ‫ذكر‬Boy.
-: ‫أنثى‬Girl.
-: ‫معنوي‬Love.
2–: ‫فاعل‬ ‫ضمير‬He / She / It / I / You / We / They.
‫الفعل‬ ‫أنواع‬
1–( ‫مساعدة‬ ‫أفعال‬Helping Verbs: )Verb to Be / Verb to Have / Verb to Do.
2–( ‫منتظمة‬ ‫أفعال‬Regular Verbs( ‫لمصدرها‬ ‫نضيف‬ ‫التي‬ ‫هي‬ ‫و‬ : )d – ed – ied‫اسم‬ ‫و‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫لتكوين‬ )
: ‫المفعول‬
-( ‫آخره‬ ‫لو‬e( ‫نحط‬ )d: ‫مثل‬ )Worked / Climbed / Covered.
-‫متحرك‬ ‫حرف‬ ‫قبله‬ ‫و‬ ‫ساكن‬ ‫حرف‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫آخر‬ ‫لو‬‫نحط‬ ‫و‬ ‫الساكن‬ ‫نضاعف‬(ed: ‫مثل‬ )Stopped.
-( ‫حرف‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫آخر‬ ‫لو‬y( ‫الـ‬ ‫نقلب‬ ‫ساكن‬ ‫حرف‬ ‫قبله‬ ‫و‬ )y( ‫لـ‬ )ied: ‫مثل‬ )Cried.
-( ‫حرف‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫آخر‬ ‫لو‬y( ‫نحط‬ ‫متحرك‬ ‫حرف‬ ‫قبله‬ ‫و‬ )ed: ‫مثل‬ )Played.
3–( ‫شاذة‬ ‫أفعال‬Irregular Verbs‫نضع‬ ‫أن‬ ‫لنا‬ ‫يصلح‬ ‫ال‬ ‫و‬ ‫المفعول‬ ‫اسم‬ ‫و‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫خاص‬ ‫تصريف‬ ‫لها‬ ‫أفعال‬ : )
( ‫لمصدرها‬d – ed – ied. )
4–( ‫ناقصة‬ ‫أفعال‬Modal Verbs‫بعدها‬ ‫يأتي‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المضارع‬ ‫عن‬ ‫لتعبر‬ ‫مصدر‬ ‫بعدها‬ ‫يأتي‬ : )Have + p.p‫عن‬ ‫لتعبر‬
. ‫الماضي‬

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Verb to Be
Past
Participle
pastpresentpronoun
BeenWasamI
isHe
She
It
WereareYou
We
They
HaveVerb to
Past / Past Participlepresentpronoun
HadHasHe
She
It
HaveI
You
We
They
DoVerb to
Past
Participle
PastPresentPronoun
DoneDidDoesHe
She
It
DoI
You
We
They
‫الناقصة‬ ‫األفعال‬ ‫أنواع‬
inf ( present )
Have + P.P ( past )
WouldWill
ShouldShall
CouldCan
MightMay
Had toMust / Ought to

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‫الشاذة‬ ‫األفعال‬ ‫أنواع‬
‫أ‬–‫تغيير‬ ‫أي‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫بدون‬ ‫شاذة‬ ‫أفعال‬
Past ParticiplePastInf / Present
SplitSplit‫ينشق‬‫ينشطر‬ /Split
BurstBurst‫ينفجر‬Burst
CutCut‫يقطع‬Cut
CostCost‫يتكلف‬Cost
HitHit‫يضرب‬Hit
HurtHurt‫يؤلم‬ / ‫يؤذي‬Hurt
LetLet‫يسمح‬ / ‫يدع‬Let
PutPut‫يضع‬Put
ReadRead‫يقرأ‬Read
ShutShut‫يغلق‬Shut
SpreadSpread‫ينشر‬Spread
BeatBeat‫يهزم‬Beat
Dwell (ed )Dwell (ed )‫يسكن‬Dwell
BetBet‫يراهن‬Bet
QuitQuit‫يجر‬Quit
WetWet‫يبلل‬Wet
ForecastForecast‫يتنبأ‬Forecast
SetSet‫يجهز‬ / ‫يجلس‬Set
ShedShed‫الدماء‬ ‫يسفك‬Shed
‫ب‬–‫المفعول‬ ‫اسم‬ ‫مع‬ ‫المصدر‬ ‫يتشابه‬ ‫شاذة‬ ‫أفعال‬
Past ParticiplePast/ PresentInf
ComeCame‫يأتي‬Come
BecomeBecame‫يصبح‬Become
RunRan‫يهرب‬ / ‫يجري‬Run
‫ج‬–‫المفعول‬ ‫اسم‬ ‫مع‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫يتشابه‬ ‫شاذة‬ ‫أفعال‬
BoughtBought‫يشتري‬Buy
FoughtFought‫يحارب‬Fight
ThoughtThought‫يفكر‬Think
BroughtBrought‫ُحضر‬‫ي‬Bring
SoughtSought‫عن‬ ‫يبحث‬Seek
CaughtCaught‫يمسك‬Catch
TaughtTaught‫يدرس‬Teach
FeltFelt‫يشعر‬Feel
CreptCrept‫يزحف‬Creep
KeptKept‫يحفظ‬Keep
SleptSlept‫ينام‬Sleep
SweptSwept‫يكنس‬ / ‫يكتسح‬Sweep
WeptWept‫يبكي‬Weep

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SwungSwing‫يتأرجح‬Swing
SmeltSmelt‫يشم‬Smell
SpeltSpelt‫يتهجى‬Spell
SpiltSpilt‫يسكب‬Spill
LeantLeant‫على‬ ‫يرتكز‬Lean ( on )
MeantMeant‫يقصد‬Mean
LeaptLeapt‫يقفز‬Leap
Dreamt / DreamedDreamt / Dreamed‫يحلم‬Dream
Learnt / LearnedLearnt / Learned‫يتعلم‬Learn
Spoilt / SpoiledSpoilt / Spoiled‫يفسد‬Spoil
DealtDealt‫يتعامل‬Deal
DugDug‫يحفر‬Dig
SpunSpun‫نفسه‬ ‫حلو‬ ‫يدور‬Spin
StruckStruck‫يضرب‬Strike
StuckStuck‫يلصق‬Stick
StungStung‫يلدغ‬Sting
WrungWrung‫يعصر‬Wring
HungHung‫يلعق‬Hang
SpentSpent‫ينفق‬ / ‫يقضي‬Spend
SentSent‫يرسل‬Send
BentBent‫ينحني‬Bend
RentRent‫يتمزق‬ / ‫يمزق‬Rend
LentLent‫يسلف‬ / ‫يقرض‬Lend
BuiltBuilt‫يبني‬Build
LostLost‫يفقد‬Lose
BoundBound‫يربط‬Bind
FoundFound‫يجد‬Find
GroundGround‫يطحن‬Grind
WoundWound‫يدور‬Wind
ToldTold‫يحكي‬ / ‫يخبر‬Tell
SoldSold‫يبيع‬Sell
FedFed‫يتغذى‬Feed
BredBred‫يربي‬Breed
FledFled‫يهرب‬Flee
LedLed‫يقود‬Lead
MetMet‫يقابل‬Meet
SaidSaid‫يقول‬Say
PaidPaid‫يدفع‬Pay
LaidLaid‫يبيض‬Lay
GotGot‫على‬ ‫يحصل‬Get
WonWon‫يفوز‬Win
MadeMade‫يجعل‬ / ‫يصنع‬Make
SatSat‫يجلس‬Sit
StoodStood‫يقف‬Stand

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UnderstoodUnderstood‫يفهم‬Understand
WithstoodWithstood‫يتحمل‬Withstand
‫د‬–‫الصور‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫باختالف‬ ‫شاذة‬ ‫أفعال‬
BegunBegan‫يبدأ‬Begin
DrunkDrank‫يشرب‬Drink
SwumSwam‫يسبح‬Swim
RungRang‫الجرس‬ ‫يرن‬Ring
ShrunkShrank‫ينكمش‬Shrink
SungSang‫يغني‬Sing
SprungSprang‫يقفز‬Spring
SpunSpan‫يغزل‬Spin
SunkSank‫يغرق‬Sink
BrokenBroke‫يكسر‬Break
SpokenSpoke‫يتكلم‬Speak
ForgottenForgot‫ينسى‬Forget
WornWore‫يرتدي‬Wear
StolenStole‫يسرق‬Steal
FrozenFroze‫يتجمد‬Freeze
WovenWove‫ينسج‬Weave
TornTore‫يمزق‬Tear
BornBore‫يلد‬Bear
ChosenChose‫يختار‬Choose
KnownKnew‫يعرف‬Know
GrownGrew‫ينمو‬Grow
ThrownThrew‫يرمي‬Throw
BlownBlew) ‫الرياح‬ ( ‫تهب‬Blow
FlownFlew‫يطير‬Fly
DrownDrew‫يرسم‬Draw
WithdrawnWithdrew‫ينسحب‬Withdraw
ArisenArose‫ينهض‬Arise
DrivenDrove‫يقود‬Drive
RiddenRode‫يركب‬Ride
RisenRose‫يرتفع‬Rise
WrittenWrote‫يكتب‬Write
SewnSewed‫يخيط‬Sew
SwollenSwelled‫يتورم‬ / ‫ينتفخ‬Swell
SownSowed‫يبذر‬Sow
SawnSawed‫بالمنشار‬ ‫ينشر‬Saw
ShownShowed‫يبين‬Show
FallenFell‫يقع‬ / ‫يسقط‬Fall
SeenSaw‫يرى‬See
EatenAte‫يأكل‬Eat
GivenGave‫يعطي‬Give

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ForgivenForgave‫يسامح‬Forgive
BeenWent‫يذهب‬Go
GoneDid‫يفعل‬Do
DoneWas / Were‫يكون‬am / is / are
TakenTook‫يأخذ‬Take
ShakenShook‫يصافح‬ / ‫يهز‬ / ‫يرج‬Shake
Present simple ‫البسيط‬ ‫المضارع‬
‫مصدر‬+ ‫مصدر‬s
( ‫جمع‬I / You / We / They)( ‫المفرد‬He / She / It)
: ‫مثال‬We play football every Friday: ‫مثال‬He always comes to school early
: ‫ملحوظة‬
-‫الفعل‬ ‫لو‬‫آخره‬(ss – sh – ch – o – x( ‫نحط‬ )es): ‫مثل‬Watches
-‫آخره‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫لو‬(y( ‫الـ‬ ‫حرف‬ ‫نقلب‬ ‫ساكن‬ ‫حرف‬ ‫قبله‬ ‫و‬ )y( ‫لـ‬ )ies: ‫مثل‬ )Flies
-‫آخره‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫لو‬(y‫حرف‬ ‫قبله‬ ‫و‬ )( ‫نحط‬ ‫متحرك‬s: ‫مثل‬ ‫بس‬ )Obeys
‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫دائ‬Always
ً‫ة‬‫عاد‬Usually
‫ًا‬‫ب‬‫غال‬Often
‫ا‬ً‫ن‬‫أحيا‬Sometimes
‫كل‬) ... ‫سنة‬ / ‫شهر‬ / ‫أسبوع‬ / ‫يوم‬ (Every ( Day / Week / Month / Year … )
‫ًا‬‫د‬‫أب‬Ever
‫ًا‬‫د‬‫أب‬Never
ً‫ة‬‫عام‬Generally
‫ا‬ً‫تكرار‬Frequently
‫آلخر‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫من‬Occasionally
‫ا‬ً‫نادر‬Rarely / Scarcely / Seldom
: ‫ملحوظة‬‫السابقة‬ ‫الظروف‬ ‫تأتي‬: ‫مثل‬ ‫المساعد‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الرئيسي‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫التكرار‬ ‫عن‬ ‫تعبر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫و‬
1 – He usually wakes up early . 2 – He is usually clever .
-‫نستخدم‬ ‫الجمع‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫في‬+ ‫ضمير‬ :Don't+inf:I don't enjoy traveling
-‫نستخدم‬ ‫المفرد‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫في‬+ ‫ضمير‬ :Doesn't+inf:He doesn't like meat
‫الزمن‬ ‫على‬ ‫الدالة‬ ‫الكلمات‬
‫التكوين‬
Negation

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-: ‫نستخدم‬ ‫الجمع‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫في‬Do+ ‫ضمير‬ +inf:How do they go to work ?
-: ‫نستخدم‬ ‫المفرد‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫في‬Does+ ‫ضمير‬ +inf:Where does she work ? / Does he live in Cairo ?
1 – General facts : The earth moves round the sun .
2 – Habits ( daily routine ) : Students go to school every day .
3 – Time table ( future ) : The plane arrives at 6 o'clock .
4 – Permanent situation : I work as a teacher .
5 – After time conjunctions ( if in the first case – before – when – as soon as – till – until ) : I
will wait for him till he comes .
Am / Is / Are + P.P
- The wind is used to generate electricity by scientists .
Present continuous ‫المستمر‬ ‫المضارع‬
Subject + am / is / are + V+ing
- I am studying in my room .
‫اآلن‬Now
‫اللحظة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫في‬At this moment
‫الحاضر‬ ‫الوقت‬ ‫في‬At the present time
‫انظر‬Look
‫انصت‬Listen
‫مازال‬Still
Subject + am / is / are + Not + V+ing
- He isn't doing anything at this moment .
am / is / are + subject + V+ing
- Are you studying now ?
Question
‫استخداماته‬
Passive
Negation
Question

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1–( ‫الكالم‬ ‫لحظة‬ ‫يقع‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬now: )Look, The car is running very fast
2–: ‫له‬ ‫الترتيب‬ ‫تم‬ ‫قد‬ ‫و‬ ‫المستقبل‬ ‫في‬ ‫يقع‬ ‫حدث‬We're traveling to Alexandria, we have arranged
everything
am / is / are + being + P.P
- There are two reports are being written now by Ali .
‫ال‬ ‫زمن‬ ‫في‬ ‫التفكير‬ ‫و‬ ‫العاطفة‬ ‫و‬ ‫الحواس‬ ‫أفعال‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ‫ال‬ : ‫ملحوظة‬( ‫حدث‬ ‫وصفت‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫إال‬ ‫المستمر‬ ‫مضارع‬admire –
agree – believe – belong – disagree – expect – feel – hate – know – like – love – mean – need
prefer – realize – suppose – think – want – understand – wish – see – taste: )
- I'm seeing a doctor tonight .
- I'm thinking about buying a new car .
Present perfect ‫التام‬ ‫المضارع‬
Subject + have/has + P.P
- I have lost my camera .
‫ا‬ ً‫تو‬ / ً‫حاال‬Just
‫بالفعل‬Already
‫لألبد‬Ever
‫ًا‬‫د‬‫أب‬Never
‫بعد‬Yet
‫منذ‬Since
‫لمدة‬For
‫ا‬ً‫ث‬‫حدي‬Recently
‫ا‬ً‫مؤخر‬Lately
‫اآلن‬ ‫حتى‬Up to now
‫وقت‬ ‫منذ‬So far
Subject + haven't/hasn't + P.P
- The teacher hasn't started yet .
Passive
‫الكلمات‬‫الزمن‬ ‫على‬ ‫الدالة‬
Negation

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Have/has + supject + P.P
- Have you ever been in Egypt ?
1–‫الحاضر‬ ‫الوقت‬ ‫في‬ ‫أثر‬ ‫له‬ ‫و‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬.
2–: ‫مباشرة‬ ‫الكالم‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫انتهى‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬He has just finished his homework
‫مفعول‬ + have/has + been + P.P
- The car has been taken to the garage by my father .
‫ملحوظات‬:
-(since( ‫المدة‬ ‫اسم‬ ‫بعدها‬ ‫يأتي‬ )century, lastth
, 5ay, April, 1995, last summer, Mond2 O'clock
week: )He hasn't played tennis since 2013
-(for( ‫المدة‬ ‫حساب‬ ‫بعدها‬ ‫يأتي‬ )2 hours, 5 days, 2 weeks, 6 months, 3 years, a long time, the last
week, ages: )He hasn't played tennis for 2 years
-( ‫جاءت‬ ‫إذا‬since: ‫كاآلتي‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫تركيب‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫مركبة‬ ‫جملة‬ ‫في‬ )
Since–‫بسيط‬ ‫ماضي‬–: ‫تام‬ ‫مضارع‬Since he arrived Egypt, he has visited many places
‫تام‬ ‫مضارع‬–since–: ‫بسيط‬ ‫ماضي‬I haven't travelled by train since I bought a new car
-(yet: ‫فقط‬ ‫النفي‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫في‬ ‫تستخدم‬ )I haven't watched the film yet
Present perfect ‫المستمر‬ ‫التام‬ ‫المضارع‬
Have/has + been + V+ing
- I've been working all day .
For … now
So far … now
For … still
Since … till
All + ( day / week / month / year …. )
How long … ?
Question
Passive

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1–. ‫توقف‬ ‫دون‬ ‫مستمرة‬ ‫مازالت‬ ‫و‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫بدأت‬ ‫أنشطة‬ ‫و‬ ‫أحداث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬
2–: ‫اآلن‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫معينة‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫في‬ ‫منتظم‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫وقعت‬ ‫أنشطة‬ ‫و‬ ‫أحداث‬It's been raining a lot recently
3–: ‫حالي‬ ‫لموقف‬ ‫شرح‬ ‫أو‬ ‫تفسير‬ ‫لتقديم‬He's been running, that's why he's so tired
4–‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬: ‫المستقبل‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫يستمر‬ ‫قد‬ ‫و‬ ‫مستمر‬ ‫حدث‬Some has been feeling ill since yesterday
5–( ‫طويل‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫تستغرق‬ ‫أفعال‬ ‫مع‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يستخدم‬wait / sleep / read / play / listen / stay)
‫ملحوظات‬:
1–( ‫المستمر‬ ‫التام‬ ‫المضارع‬ ‫في‬ ‫تأتي‬ ‫ال‬ ‫طويل‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫تستغرق‬ ‫ال‬ ‫التي‬ ‫األفعال‬ ‫بعض‬join / start / buy / decide: )
It's just started raining.
2–: ‫الزمن‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫نستخدم‬ ‫ال‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫مرات‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫ذكر‬ ‫إذا‬I've read three stories since yesterday
Past simple ‫البسيط‬ ‫الماضي‬
Subject + inf+ed
- I telephoned my uncle yesterday .
‫أمس‬Yesterday
‫السابق‬Last ( week / month / year )
‫منذ‬Ago
‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬In the past
‫الحال‬ ‫في‬Just now
‫مرة‬ ‫ذات‬Once
) ‫ماضية‬ ‫سنة‬ ( ‫في‬in ( 1995 )
‫كالمعتاد‬As usual
Didn't + inf
- I didn't study yesterday .
Did + subject + inf ?
- Did you go to school yesterday ?
Negation
Question

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1–. ‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫انتهى‬ ‫و‬ ‫بدأ‬ ‫حدث‬
2–: ‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫تحدث‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫عادة‬In the past, people used to travel on camels
3–: ‫قصة‬ ‫أحداث‬ ‫سرد‬Once the queen visited our village, people lined the streets
4–: ‫حقيقي‬ ‫غير‬ ‫موقف‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أمنية‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬I wish ( If only ) Abo Trika played now
‫مفعول‬ + was/were + P.P
- The poetry was written by Ahmed .
: ‫ملحوظات‬
1–( ‫تستخدم‬used to: ‫اآلتية‬ ‫الحاالت‬ ‫في‬ )
-: ) ‫توقف‬ ‫و‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ( ‫أن‬ ‫اعتاد‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫في‬subject + used to + inf
-: ) ‫الحاضر‬ ‫في‬ ‫يزال‬ ‫وال‬ ( ‫أن‬ ‫اعتاد‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫في‬subject + used to + v+ing
-( ‫ال‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫في‬passive)‫مفعول‬ :+be+used to+inf‫مفعول‬ /+be+used to+v+ing
Past continuous ‫المستمر‬ ‫الماضي‬
Was/were + v+ing
- I was studying English yesterday .
‫عندما‬While
‫عندما‬When
‫أثناء‬During
1–‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫محدد‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫مستمر‬ ‫كان‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬.
2–: ‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫الوقت‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫في‬ ‫استمرا‬ ‫حدثين‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬While I was doing my homework, my
brother was listening to music
3–: ‫آخر‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫قطعه‬ ‫و‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫مستمر‬ ‫كان‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬While I was walking, I met Ali
‫مفعول‬ + was/were +being + P.P
- The dinner was being made by my mother .
Passive
Passive

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1–( ‫تأتي‬while: ‫اآلتية‬ ‫الحاالت‬ ‫في‬ )
-. ‫المستمر‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫زمن‬ ‫في‬ ‫الحدثان‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫مستمران‬ ‫حدثان‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫في‬
-‫و‬ ‫المستمر‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫زمن‬ ‫في‬ ‫االول‬ ‫الحدث‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫آخر‬ ‫ماضي‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫قطعه‬ ‫و‬ ‫مستمر‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫في‬‫اآلخر‬ ‫الحدث‬
. ‫البسيط‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫زمن‬ ‫في‬
-+ ‫المصدر‬ ‫بعدها‬ ‫يأتي‬ ‫فاعل‬ ‫بعدها‬ ‫يوجد‬ ‫لم‬ ‫إذا‬ing. ‫البسيط‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫آخر‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫و‬
2–(during( ‫تساوي‬ ‫هي‬ ‫و‬ ‫اسم‬ ‫بعدها‬ ‫يأتي‬ )while: )During the film, his friend came
3–( ‫بعد‬ ‫جملة‬ ‫تأتي‬ ‫عندما‬on‫يكون‬ ‫المستمر‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫زمن‬ ‫في‬ ): ‫كاآلتي‬ ‫تركيبها‬
On + v+ing + subject + past simple:on seeing him, she got buzzled.
Present perfect ‫التام‬ ‫الماضي‬
Had + P.P
- I had arrived .
Before
By the time
After
As soon as
No sooner
Hardly
Scarcely
It was only when
It wasn't until
Had not + P.P
- I hadn't visited him .
. ‫المضارع‬ ‫في‬ ‫أثر‬ ‫له‬ ‫يوجد‬ ‫وال‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫انتهى‬ ‫حدث‬
‫مفعول‬ + had+ been + P.P
- the cake had been eaten by Amr .
Negation
Passive

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1–‫الحدث‬ ‫و‬ ‫التام‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫زمن‬ ‫في‬ ‫يوضع‬ ‫االقدم‬ ‫الحدث‬ ‫فإن‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫حدثان‬ ‫يأتي‬ ‫عندما‬‫زمن‬ ‫في‬ ‫يوضع‬ ‫اآلخر‬
: ‫البسيط‬ ‫الماضي‬
- After he had studied the lesson, he answered the question .
- Before he bought a car, he had saved his money .
2–( ‫بـ‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫بدأت‬ ‫إذا‬by‫فإ‬ ). ‫التام‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫زمن‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫الحادث‬ ‫وقوع‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫هو‬ ‫بعدها‬ ‫يأتي‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫ن‬
By seven o'clock, he had booked the tickets .
3–( ‫بـ‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫بدأت‬ ‫إذا‬no sooner / hardly / scarcely‫يكون‬ ‫بعدهم‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫تركيب‬ ‫فإن‬ )Had + subject +
P.P + when/then + past simple.
- No sooner had he finished his homework than he watched TV .
- Hardly had Ahmed arrived home when the light went out .
Past simple ‫المستمر‬ ‫التام‬ ‫الماضي‬
Had + been + v+ing
- I had been working all day .
( + ‫التام‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫زمن‬ ‫على‬ ‫الدالة‬ ‫الكلمات‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫هي‬since / for / the whole day / all day / all
weekend( ‫طبيعية‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫تستغرق‬ ‫التي‬ ‫األفعال‬ ‫مع‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫أي‬ ‫يأتي‬ ‫و‬ )wait / do / study / live / work
stay / watch / sleep / read / travel … etc. )
‫استمر‬ ‫حدث‬. ‫أثر‬ ‫له‬ ‫يوجد‬ ‫وال‬ ‫انتهى‬ ‫و‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫فترة‬
1–‫نستخدم‬ ‫البسيط‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫زمن‬ ‫في‬ ‫اآلخر‬ ‫و‬ ‫المستمر‬ ‫التام‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫زمن‬ ‫في‬ ‫أحدهما‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫حدثان‬ ‫يأتي‬ ‫عندما‬
. ً‫أوال‬ ‫المستمر‬ ‫التام‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫زمن‬
- The police had been looking for the criminal for two years before they caught him .
2–. ‫المستمر‬ ‫التام‬ ‫ليس‬ ‫و‬ ‫التام‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫نستخدم‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫محدد‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫في‬ ‫الحدث‬ ‫وقوع‬ ‫مرات‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫عند‬
- The secretary had written 100 reports before the manager arrived .

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The future ‫المستقبل‬
‫عدة‬ ‫يوجد‬: ‫كاآلتي‬ ‫هي‬ ‫و‬ ‫المستقبل‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬ ‫طرق‬
1–: ‫البسيط‬ ‫المضارع‬
: ) ‫مؤسسات‬ / ‫امتحانات‬ / ‫مواصالت‬ / ‫مباريات‬ ( ‫الزمني‬ ‫الجدول‬ ‫في‬ ‫يستخدم‬Juneth
4onendsThe final exam
2–: ‫المستمر‬ ‫المضارع‬
: ‫له‬ ‫الترتيب‬ ‫تم‬ ‫المستقبل‬ ‫في‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬ ‫يستخدم‬They are travelling to Aswan tomorrow, they've
arranged every thing
3–Going to:
-: ‫نية‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬We are going to spend our holiday in Hurghada
-: ‫بدليل‬ ‫تنبؤ‬I think it's going to rain, the sky is cloudy
4–Will:
-: ‫حقيقة‬Next year, my father will be fifty years old
-: ‫سريع‬ ‫قرار‬I'm late, I will take a taxi
-: ) ‫شخص‬ ‫رأي‬ ( ‫دليل‬ ‫بدون‬ ‫تنبؤ‬They will win the match tomorrow
-: ‫عرض‬I'll get you some mango juice if you like
-: ‫طلب‬Will you type this letter for me, please ?
-: ‫وعد‬I will meet him at the party tomorrow
-: ‫وعيد‬You will miss the train if you don't wake up early
( ‫تستخدم‬ : ‫ملحوظة‬shall( ‫الضمائر‬ ‫مع‬ )I / we: ‫المستقبل‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬ ‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫استخدا‬ ‫أقل‬ ‫لكنها‬ ‫و‬ )
1–: ‫لالقتراح‬shall we go to the cinema ?
2–: ‫عرض‬shall I open the windows ?
Future perfect ‫التام‬ ‫المستقبل‬
Will have + P.P
By 2020, we will have finished our studies at university .
‫سيحدث‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬‫ف‬. ‫معين‬ ‫توقيت‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫المستقبل‬ ‫ي‬
Future perfect ‫المستمر‬ ‫المستقبل‬
Will be + v+ing
Tomorrow at 7 o'clock, I will be studying English .
. ‫المستقبل‬ ‫في‬ ‫معين‬ ‫توقيت‬ ‫في‬ ‫مستمر‬ ‫سيكون‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬

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