body motions in golf

1. Golf
By Mitchell B

2. Skeletal System
The major bones in the Skeletal System are:
• Skull
• Ribs
• Humerus
• Spine
• Radius
• Ulna
• Pelvis
• Femur
• Fibula
• Tibia

3. Types of bones in the Skeletal System
• Long bones are longer than the width of the bone and are the
bones of the limbs
• Short bones are round in shape or cubed . They are short and
wide.
• Flat bones can vary in size, but their main feature is being very
thin in one direction.
• Irregular bones have a shape which doesn’t fit the pattern of
the long, short or flat bones.
• Sesamoid bones are the bones that form after birth inside
the tendons that run across joints.

4. Types of joints in the Skeletal System
• Fibrous joints in the Skeletal system include the Sutures in the
skull , the Coronal Suture connects the Parietal and the
Frontal Skull bones.
• Cartilagenous joints are partially movable joints consisting of
Symphyses or Sychondroses joints
• Ball and socket joint is a round surface of bone which fits and
moves with in a cup shape.
• Saddle joint is a Biaxial that allows movement on two planes
which is Flexion, Extension, Abduction and Adduction .The
thumb is the only structure in the human body with a Saddle
joint .

5. Location of joints from the Skeletal System

6. How they are involved in the body movements
of the Golf
In golf the Skeletal system is used. The Skeletal muscles are
connected to 2 different bones by cords of connective tissue
which is called tendons. When the muscle contracts the bone
stays stationary and then a fixed point is formed, while the other
bone moves around the fixed point.
Most Skeletal muscles act as a part of a lever system, with levers
a heavy load can be moved with less effort than necessary , the
golf swing consists of six separate movements which all acts with
lever-like actions.
The goal of a swing in golf is to get the club head to move fast ,
this requires 6 separate movements which operate
simultaneously .

7. How they are involved in the body movements
of the Golf
The key to a powerful swing is to perform all movements
correctly and on a synchronized basis, at this stage power is
coming from contraction speed and flexibility. The wrist muscles
are connected at one end of the bones in the hands and fingers,
it is also connected to the two bones in the forearm , ulna and
radius. When contracting these muscles it enables both hands to
function as a lever around the wrist joint, it acts as the fulcrum
and enables the hand to move a load.
In golf you have to rotate your forearm at the elbow . The arm
can bend or straighten at the elbow. The forearm is also rotate
clockwise and anticlockwise at the elbow . Rotational movement
is caused by muscles near the top of the forearm. They attach
the bone to the Humerus and to the Ulna and Radius in the
forearm. This means they operate across the arm which allows
the rotation.

8. Muscular System
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ec5Hvjavi
sU
Down below is a video of he muscles being used
in a golf swing. It also shows when the muscles
are used and you can see for how long each
muscle is used for.

9. Identify the major muscles and how they are
used in golf
The Skeletal muscle is the only voluntary muscle tissue in our
human body. Every physical action requires the Skeletal muscle. If
you didn’t have any Skeletal muscles you wouldn’t be able to walk
, speak or write . One of the things that the Muscular system
controls is motion (walking ,running ) . Motion requires the legs in
your body. Another thing the Muscular system control is heat
production which maintains your body temperature . The final
function of the Muscular system is maintenance of posture which
keeps your body upright and making you able to sit and stand. In
golf your swing is like a lever system. There are different types of
classes for levers depending on the position of the Fulcrum, effort
and resistive force.

10. Identify the major muscles and how they are
used in golf
There are 3 main classes for the lever which is 1st class,2nd class
and 3rd class. 1st class is when muscle force and resistive force
are on different sides of the Fulcrum ( the head resting on the
Vertebrae column as the head is raised the facial proportion of
the skull is resistance .2nd class is when the muscle force and
resistive force act on the same side as the Fulcrum, with the
muscle force acting through the level longer than that through
which the resistive force acts - e.g. raising the body up onto the
toes. The body is the resistance, the ball of the foot is the
Fulcrum, and the effort is the contraction of the calf muscle.
The 3rd class is when the Muscle force and resistive force act on
the same side of the Fulcrum, with the muscle force acting
through the lever shorter than that through which the resistive
force acts - e.g. Adduction of the thigh.

11. Identify the major muscles and how they are
used in golf
The weight of the thigh is the resistance, the hip joint is the
fulcrum, and the contraction of the Adductor muscle is the
effort.

12. Identify the dominant muscle system. EG: fast-
twitch or slow-twitch fibres and explain the
reasons for your choice.
The dominant muscle system in golf is the Muscular system . The
Muscular system is the dominant system for golf. The Muscular
system is used because of the lever systems which is the part of
the golf swing . The different types of classes are depending on
where the muscle and resistive force are located, For example
the 1st class lever is when the muscle force and resistive force are
on different sides of the Fulcrum. In Golf slow twitch is used
because 18 holes on a golf course doesn’t require you to sprint
to the ball every time it requires you to calmly walk so this is why
it is a slow twitch.

13. Energy Systems in Golf

14. Compare the contribution of each energy system to
movement in Golf , Explain reasons why
• In golf the contribution of each energy systems is different to
other sports. The use of energy is used in a golf swing. The
results are down below and compared to various different
sports .This is because Golf is not classed as a full on sport
compared to Rugby league or Soccer . Golf is a leisure sport fit
for all ages. This is because Golf only requires you to swing
and hit the ball compared to Soccer where you have to chase
the ball and kick the ball.

15. Outline the response of the Circulatory and Respiratory
systems to exercise in Golf . I.e. describe what happens
in these systems when the body exercises
Circulatory system is a good indicator of overall
capacity which allows you to do more work and to burn
calories. Even though most Golf courses require you to
have a cart which might make you feel fatigue on the
last few holes . If you are walking you will most likely
suffer greater loss unless you have a moderately high
Cardiorespiratory fitness . To improve your
Cardiorespiratory it is recommended that you do
aerobic conditioning which will take 20-30 minutes, 3
times a week, it can vary from walking, jogging and
cycling . To improve your Cardiorespiratory quicker you
should do exercises like fast walk,75% jogging or even
sprinting

16. Outline the response of the Circulatory and Respiratory systems to
exercise in your nominated sport. I.e. describe what happens in these
systems when the body exercises
Respiratory system is a very important
thing to have while playing sport
because without it you can’t breathe.
The respiratory system is your Mouth,
Throat, Nose, Larynx ,Trachea , Bronchi
and Lungs. All athletes are required to
have a good Cardiorespiratory system
because they will most likely get injured
or face fatigue which can lower
motivation and mental awareness .In
Golf you are required to walk from hole
to hole which if you aren’t breathing
properly it can result in fatigue . Any
Athlete who prepares well will most
likely not face any of this and will end up
performing well

17. Hydration
plan
While playing Golf it is recommended that you:
• Drink 500mL of cold water 1-2 hours before starting
• Drink another 500mL of cold water 15 minutes before you
start
• Every 10 minutes of playing drink 150mL of cold water
• Per hour drink 1L of cold water
• Drink 500mL of cold water after you finish your game

18. Hydration considerations and advice to
keep safe from the heat
• To wear lose-fitting clothes
• To avoid direct exposure from the sun
• Don’t take salt tablets (makes dehydration worse)
• Better to drink cool water than ice cold water
• Don’t drink soft drink/juices while playing golf
• Drink sports drinks ( helps regain energy)

19. Bibliography
• 18/2/15
• http://www.innerbody.com/image/skelfov.html
• 18/2/15
• http://www.cancerindex.org/medterm/medtm6.htm
• 18/2/15
• http://www.livestrong.com/article/87489-types-joints-skeletal-system/
• 22/2/15
• http://1www.generallyeclectic.ca/guidegolfswing.pdf (used chapter 2)
• 22/2/15
• http://www.hawaiianshirtray.com/anatomy-physiology/skeletal-system-bones-
joints-connective-tissue
• 25/2/15
• http://www.innerbody.com/image/musfov.html
• 25/2/15
• http://www.brianmac.co.uk/physiolm.htm

20. Bibliography
• 4/3/15
• http://www.eightlimbs.com.au/coachs-cnr-dan-on-fast-slow-twitch-muscle-fibres/n
• 9/3/15
• http://www.exrx.net/ExInfo/EnergyGraphs.html
• 9/3/15
• http://www.realmagick.com/energy-pathways
• 11/3/15
• http://www.golfdigest.com/blogs/the-loop/2011/08/fitness-friday-stay-hydrated-i.html
• 11/3/15
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ec5HvjavisU
• 11/3/15
• https://books.google.com.au/books?id=T9xelA2VuK0C&pg=PR14&lpg=PR14&dq=the+response+of
+the+cardiovascular+system+in+golf&source=bl&ots=KAkmqR_Wl9&sig=PErpyOB1Pfnq2pGnB7-
Xpkd6bG0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5uT_VN2VIon18QXU8YCwCg&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=the
%20response%20of%20the%20cardiovascular%20system%20in%20golf&f=false (book)
• 16/3/15
• http://www.brianmac.co.uk/physiolr.htm
•