bio 421

1. DIODINA, XYLA JANE E. Date: December 1, 2022
BIO421: MARINE BIOLOGY QUIZ NO.1 (FINALS) Instructor: Ms. Faith Sereño
Community Description of Environment Marine Organisms
Common Adaptations for
Survival
Rocky Shores
Where the sea meets the land,
rocky shores can be found.
They support a diverse range
of plants and animals that have
adapted to the unique
conditions of this habitat.
• Seaweeds
• Anemones
• Mussels
• Barnacles
• The tide's rise and fall
is one of the main
factors affecting life on
rocky shores.
• Organisms have
adaptations to reduce
their susceptibility to
wave action in the
Intertidal zone.
• Evaporation occurs
when organisms are
exposed to air at low
tide. They have to
be able to tolerate this
water loss or have
mechanisms in place to
reduce it until the tide
comes in returns to the
scene.
Sandy Shores
Sandy beaches can be found in
enclosed bays between rocky
headlands. Sandy shores are
highly dynamic environments
with a distinct biodiversity and
a distinct gradient of habitats.
• Crabs
• Sand hoppers
• Shellfish
• Worms
• Marine organisms on
low-energy sandy
beaches adapt their
respiration differently
from those on surf-
swept beaches.
• Species bury
themselves to escape
high temperatures;
others cool by
evaporation, by

2. DIODINA, XYLA JANE E. Date: December 1, 2022
BIO421: MARINE BIOLOGY QUIZ NO.1 (FINALS) Instructor: Ms. Faith Sereño
entering the sea or by
absorbing water from
the substratum.
• To avoid predation,
several behaviors have
developed.
Estuaries
A freshwater river or stream
meets the ocean in an estuary.
The salty ocean meets a
freshwater river in estuaries,
resulting in brackish water.
Estuaries are often referred to
as "sea nurseries" because
many animal species rely on
them for nesting and breeding.
• Fishes
• Snails
• Migratory Birds
• Algae
• Organisms in estuaries
need physiological
mechanisms to tolerate
varying salinity levels.
• Estuaries offer a good
habitat as nurseries
because of a high
productivity coupled
with a low number of
predators.
• Organisms to remain in
a given area of
estuaries to feed, carry
out other activities, or
because they have a
narrow range of salinity
tolerance.
Coral Reefs
Coral reefs contain an
incredibly high diversity of
organisms and have been
described as oases in an
oceanic desert and can only by
rivalled by tropical rain forests
in terms of diversity and
abundance of organisms.
• Clownfish
• Sea-cucumbers
• Pearlfish
• Anemones
• Coral reefs receive
small amounts of
nutrients from outside
ecosystems.
• Corals must also
compete with other reef
organisms for space
and light. Sponges, soft

3. DIODINA, XYLA JANE E. Date: December 1, 2022
BIO421: MARINE BIOLOGY QUIZ NO.1 (FINALS) Instructor: Ms. Faith Sereño
corals and algae all grow faster
than Scleractinia corals and
can smother them.
• Coral reefs are highly
sensitive to climatic
influences, especially
changes in temperature.
Benthic Zone
The deep sea is vast in volume
and can play a significant role
in global ocean currents,
carbon sequestration, and
nutrient cycling. It may contain
minerals and other valuable
resources, and new species are
discovered on nearly every
deep-sea expedition. The lack
of light has had the greatest
evolutionary impact of the
three major physical factors
that affect animals living in the
deep oceans.
• Spookfish
• Hatchetfish
• Loosejaw
• Organism’s tissue fluid
pushes against the
surrounding pressure
with an equal but
opposite force,
preventing the
organism from being
crushed.
• The cold-water
temperatures of the
deep ocean require
organisms to adapt to
this extreme.
• Sunlight does not
penetrate to the depths
of the oceans, some
organisms are able to
produce their own light
in the form of
bioluminescence.

4. DIODINA, XYLA JANE E. Date: December 1, 2022
BIO421: MARINE BIOLOGY QUIZ NO.1 (FINALS) Instructor: Ms. Faith Sereño
Reference:
• https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/coasts-waterways/marine-habitats/rocky-shore
• https://www.marinespecies.org/introduced/wiki/Sandy_shore_habitat#:~:text=Some%20adaptations%20are%20an%20increase
d,swept%20beaches%20are%20essentially%20aerobic.
• https://www.studypool.com/documents/11048480/01-introduction-to-marine-biology-author-chantale-b-gin-jessica-fry-and-
michael-cucknell