1. Smart Systems and the Future of Smart Products
MKTG450-Product Innovation
Portland State University
Winter 2015
UVAX CONCEPTS S.L.
Abdullah Alkhabbaz, Nathan Flores, Michael Hanacek, Affouete
Kouakou, Hannah Six and Tanner Smith

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Contents
1.0 Abstract
2.0 Introduction and Framework
2.1 Defining what is Smart
3.0 Literature Review
3.1 Internet of things
3.2 Smart Cities
3.2.1 Present need for Smart Cities
3.2.2 Smart Systems within Smart Cities
3.2.3 Smart Grids
3.2.4 Implications of a Smart City
3.2.5 The future of Smart Cities
3.3 Smart Infrastructure
3.4 Smart Home
3.4.1 Smart Home adoption
3.4.2 Technology inside the Home
3.4.3 Transmission Platform and Associated Smart Home Challenges
3.4.4 Strategic Road Map of Smart Home
3.4.5 Financial Risk and Challenges for the Smart Home
3.5 Smart Products
3.5.1 Products and Services
3.5.2 Smart Phones
3.5.3 Smart Watches
3.5.4 Smart Products for Sports
3.6 Smart Sensors
3.6.1 Smart Sensors Defined
3.6.2 Microcontrollers
3.6.3 Smart Sensor Design
3.6.4 HART Protocol
3.6.5 Sensor Market
3.6.6 Sensor Trend
3.6.7 Implications of Smart Sensors
3.7 Security Approaches
3.8 Socioeconomic Implications
4.0 Conceptual Model
4.1 Smart Model Methodology
4.2 Smart Model Design
5.0 Case Studies
5.1 Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration Project Case
5.1.1 Research Question Application
5.1.2 Case Model Smart Grid Evaluation
5.2 Smart Classroom
5.2.1 Smart Model Evaluation of the Smart Classroom
5.2.2 Effect of Smart Classrooms on the Learning Environment
6.0 Implications of Smart Model on New Product Development
6.1 Smart Model Evaluation on New Product Development
7.0 Future Implications
8.0 References
9.0 Appendix

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1.0 Abstract
A carefully networked system of smart sensors has incredible potential in improving
product development. That is, when considering products and services (or a combination of the
two) there is a new paradigm. Products are becoming increasingly integrated into systems where
smart sensors are able to communicate. This type of integration is guiding product development.
There is a broad spectrum of levels that smart technology can be applied to: systems,
cities, infrastructure, home, and product levels. These different levels are essentially comprised
of an internet of the previous subcomponent (for example, smart homes are made up of a series
of products; smart cities are assembled from a network of homes).
It is important to truly understand the current trend at all levels. First, it is paramount to
realize the importance of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the way that products are connected.
After observing that, then it is possible to move on to the way that cities are connected.
Infrastructures and smart sensors at the home level and product level are next in sequence; these
highly correlated categories are aimed at strengthening product value at the typical consumer
level. Then, it is imperative to have a grasp of the sensors themselves before seeking out the way
that this spectrum of interconnectedness will impacts economies.
Upon a further understanding of the previously mentioned concepts, a framework for
assessing current methods can be put to use. This framework can then be applied to specific
case studies such as the case of Pacific Northwest Smart Grid and the way that Smart Classrooms
are used.
The Smart Grid case study, given a weighted score of 83 out of 100, scored relatively high as
compared to the Smart Classroom case study, which scored a mere 75.
Findings in this study imply that companies will become increasingly innovative in creating an
integrated network of products; product development will have a whole new paradigm to
consider: the interconnected use of their products in an efficient network.

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2.0 Introduction and Framework
Smart systems are evolving; from the design of sensors to the products that connectedly
create smart systems. Technological innovation is a driving force of smart industries. To
understand the complexities of smart sensors, systems and cities, this report will analyze the
present and future implications of smart products and smart system technology. Additionally, the
report will provide insight and recommendations as to the most efficient development of smart
systems and products. To understand the implications of smart systems and products an intensive
literature review took place of smart system progression, outlined with taxonomies, and
concluded with the interrelated implications. Three case studies were used to analyze what
makes an efficient and effective smart system, smart service and smart city. A case study on
smart classrooms analyzes smart system application. Smart Grid and the future of smart water
iinfrastructure are analyzed in relation to the smart city. Findings within the literature reviews
and the case studies then lead to final recommendations and the future implications of smart
systems and products.
To bring the present and future implications of the future of smart systems and products
to the forefront of our research an in depth framework was necessary. This framework is an
extensive look into what creates a successful smart product, service, system or city. The
literature review is an exploratory look at what smart technology consists of currently and a brief
history of how it evolved to be where it is now. Figure 1 below is the baseline of our research
streams. In order to examine how smart systems and products function, clear consensus of
definitions must be set to guide research to the objective of strategically understanding the future
evolution of smart technology.
2.1 Defining what is Smart
Table 1: The Spectrum of Smart
The Spectrum of Smart
Facet of Smart
Technology
Defined
Smart System The uses of sensing elements to analyze incoming data,
perform current actions, and anticipate future events.
Smart City Integrated smart technological approach to sustainability,
citizen well-being and economic development. CITE?
Smart Infrastructure Development of smart sensors, products, and systems for
increased efficiency in the current and future built
environment.
Smart Home Level systems are networks of smart connected devices and
appliances.
Smart Product A physical product that creates a digital representation of a
data stream and applies it to consumer function.
Smart Sensor A sensing element embedded on silicon with a
microcontroller that allows programmable and refined data
acquisition.

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3.0 Literature Review
The following literature review will encompass studies of the internet of things (IoT),
smart cities, smart infrastructure, smart homes, smart products and smart sensors, respectively.
Integration of the literature review will guide the critical evaluation model we developed to
divulge what constitutes a valuable smart system or smart product.
Research questions were identified to lead further knowledge streams consisting of:
 What classifies a high quality smart system?
o What are market trends?
o What is the relationship with smart sensors and cities?
 What classifies a high quality smart service?
o What are market trends?
o What is the relationship with smart sensors and cities?
3.1 The Internet of Things
The internet of things is an important step in the evolution to complex smart systems, the
progression of smart technology will follow a systematic progressive approach of built
interconnected smart objects. Each step is constructed based on consumer acceptance and
complex systematic connectivity. Firms will work their way from sensors to the incremental
adoption of smart cities, considering roadblocks of security, privacy and other unforeseeable are
cleared. Value increases with connectivity of devices creating smart cities and homes. Following
research streams lead us toward examining the current advances in smart technology as well as
the predictive future for smart systems.
Figure 1: Progression of smart technology’s value.
Movement toward smart product innovation has intensified the impact the internet of things has
imposed on strategic management. Internet of things casts a wide net, integrating smart
technologies to create a competitive advantage previously untapped. Businesses are forced to
transition and absorb a new way to invoke competitive advantage through progressive smart
innovation.
The internet of things is key in that it encompasses an interconnected web of products
contributing to the value of smart products thus smart systems. IOT increases in efficiency

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allowing consumers to take time back into their lives while decreasing wasteful consumption in
many cases.(Porter, 2014) Connectivity is the bonding agent that gives smart products and
systems their edge, the ability to sift through multiple bodies of data, transfer data between
products and proceed in informed action while continuously assessing future needs. The internet
of things hosts immense power yet the interconnectivity element is what gives smart systems
leverage and hosts threats to privacy and security.
3.2 Smart Cities
A Smart city is a city that uses digital technologies to enhance its citizen’s wellbeing and
performance through reductions in costs and waste streams while sustaining increases in
productivity and active engagement of citizens. Forbes has a smart city narrowed down to a city
containing:
-Smart Education and Governance -Smart Buildings
-Smart Healthcare -Smart Technology
-Smart Citizens -Smart Mobility
-Smart Energy -Smart Infrastructures
A smart city must contain
at least five of these qualities to
be considered a smart city and
these qualities must be
interconnected. Digital
technologies must include smart
systems, this can range from
smart homes, smart utilities,
smart grids, or anything that can
obtain data, process it, and emit
readable results (Singh). A smart
city must encompass the “internet
of things”, everyday objects made
smart i.e. able to connect to the
network and capable of sending
and receiving data (Singh). These
systems must be able to
communicate with each other in
some way, whether it is via the
smart citizen or the smart
government, these systems must
produce big data in order to be
effective.
3.2.1 Present Need for Smart Cities
Singh, Sarw ant, (2014), “Smart Cities – A $1.5 Trillion Market Opportunity”,
(accessed on March 10, 2015), [available at
http://www.forbes.com/sites/sarwantsingh/2014/06/19/smart-cities-a-1-5-trillion-
market-opportunity/]

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As cities grow there becomes a need to adapt to the physical population increases. To
adapt to this increase, cities must naturally advance technologically and improve infrastructure
efficiently. This is where the need for a smart city comes in, a smart city will be able to take an
old city like, New York City and allow for it to function ten times better than its current state
(Kotkin). A smart city is a sensor driven, efficiency machine. It will use smart sensors to detect
major issues such as traffic congestion and more easily solve the problems of traffic for the
citizens. It will allow power stations to be able to detect when a neighborhood is not using as
much power as it is supplied and be able to redirect that excess power to other areas of need to
prevent blackouts All of these are current problems that plague American cities today and they
can be severely improved if cities were to become “smarter”.
3.2.2 Smart systems within smart cities
A smart city contains the following systems: smart education and governance, smart
Healthcare, smart citizen, smart energy, smart building, smart technology, smart mobility and
smart infrastructures. Smart education is something that is becoming more relevant in classrooms
today. Teachers use technologies such as tablets and computers that are connected to the schools
network, to more easily track a student’s progress and potentially identify where the student
needs more help. Smart technologies in the classroom, allow teachers to not only see what a
child is not understanding, but also potentially allow the teacher to understand why they are not
understanding something. This is a huge advantage of a smart city as compared to a regular city.
The next
step to a smart city
is smart energy.
Smart energy is
the management
and distribution of
power in an
efficient way.
Smart metering is
the tool in which
smart energy
becomes “smart”.
A smart meter is a
device that would
take the place of
the current electricity meters, these meters would be data driven devices with the capability to
transmit data logs of the usage every one to four hours (ISRAELSOHN). Smart meters will allow
electric companies to develop new services to better suit customers’ needs and allow customers
to opt into different plans based on their energy usage and there areas peak usage demand. This
also gives customers instant updates about their bill and energy usage and allowing better outage
information to their own crews.
Smart mobility is simply getting transportation to be more efficient. There are six
principles in smart mobility location efficiency, reliable mobility, health and safety, environment
stewardship, social equity and robust economy. For a smart city to have smart mobility it must
“Smart Meters And How They Work”,(2015), (Accessed on March 15,2015), [ Avaliable at
http://sw itchon.vic.gov.au/bills-pricing-and-meters/smart-meters-and-how-they-work]

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have a public transportation system that is efficient and is easily accessible and must use the land
efficiently and safely. The goal of this is to reduce congestion and provide a smart service for the
cities citizens. Other measures to increase smart mobility in a city are producing more efficient
cars that get better gas mileage or do not need gas. Improving traffic conditions using data driven
sensors that can sense where congestion is going to be and reroutes drivers to better routes is
another aspect of smart mobility. The idea of having smart mobility in a city is to create a system
that has open software, so that all systems are on the same page.
Adoption of smart mobility naturally leads to the adoption of smart infrastructure. Smart
sensors are imbedded within the infrastructure of cities to help detect potential problems when
they arise and gather data on these buildings to help better predict when and where these issues
may occur. The goal of smart infrastructure is again to be more efficient, to incorporate smart
sensors into buildings, to help maintain them and help reduce waste at the structures end of life.
Smart mobility leads to smart government, which is usually the primary sponsor of smart
mobility. But, smart government has many more responsibilities than just investment in the
future of transportation. A smart government is one that is actively involved with its citizens and
its citizens are actively involved in it. A smart government will use big data to help solve both
social problems and socioeconomic problems (Mellouli). They should promote open data
sources, as well as easily reusable formats. They can do this by creating new smart services for
their citizens that better their own lives, and influencing citizens to be actively involved in these
new services. A smart government
is one that must influence its
citizens to trust it and want to be a
part of it, allowing citizens to be a
part of the process and influencing
the things that affect society
(Mellouli),. To do this a smart
government must allow its citizens
and elected officials to work
together to push for smart change.
Citizens will need better
medical care than we can currently offer. This is where smart medicine comes into play. Smart
medicine is the movement from an automobile assembly line type atmosphere to a patient
centered atmosphere, where hospital stats are not about money spent or days spent in the
hospital, but about lives saved and
people helped (Murray). One of the
biggest things that will allow smart
medicine to become a reality is the
increased use of smart cards. Smart
cards are one centralized card that has a
read/writeable chip in it that can allow
doctors to store patient information on
their own individual card (Horowitz).
This makes a hospital more efficient,
saving money and resources on human
“Smart Card”,(2014), ( Accessed on February 20, 2015), [ Available at
http://www.andreonicards.com/contactcards.htm]
“Smart Mobility 2030”,(2014), ( Accessed on March 7,2015), [ Available at
http://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltaweb/en/roads-and-motoring/managing-traffic-
and-congestion/intelligent-transport-systems/SmartMobility2030.html]

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resource department personal, while giving the consumer the ability to be able to carry their
information from provider to provider without having to do the massive amounts of paperwork
that is required now. This card can also be used as a driver’s license, insurance card, even a debit
card for a banking institution.
Smart grids
A smart grid is
essentially is a network that
supplies electricity and uses
digital technology’s or smart
sensors to detect and react to
changes in usage at the home
level. It does this through the
use of real time smart meters.
These meters allow there to
be a two way network
between your home or
business and the power
company. A smart city uses a
variety of different smart
sensors to create an
interconnected environment.
One of the most common smart systems in a city will be a smart meter. This is a meter
that will allow the company’s to look at the hard data of each household's electricity usage, while
allowing the consumer to view the same usage numbers and be able to potentially gauged on
whether plan they would like. They will also be able to identify the household and
neighborhoods electric need and potentially reroute some of the power to other areas of need,
helping avoid blackouts and allowing a quicker response time to outages that might occur. Smart
meters are going to be the biggest smart system in a smart city (“Smart Meters and How They
Work”). Going along with smart meters is smart outlets. These individual outlets are
interconnected with the smart meters and can communicate with the meter to reduce its power
load when not in use.
One of the more major smart systems is those smart sensors placed throughout the grid of
both electricity and natural gas. These systems sole function is to ensure that the grid is
functioning correctly and efficiently. These smart systems will allow crews to better identify
problems before they happen and very quickly after they happen, to reduce down time for these
grids.
There are a variety of smart systems located in a city that are designed to help the people
that live in that city. But one does so in a more life or death way and that is the new UV3 android
robot. This robot is placed in operating rooms in hospitals before a surgery and it scans the
environment and kills all major bacteria and viruses that can be lurking on the surfaces of the
room with UV3 light. This is not an automated system yet because of the fact that these UV3
“US Power Grid vs Smart Grid”, (2009), ( Accessed on march 7, 2015), [ Available
at http://www.slideshare.net/jrw5159/us-power-grid-vs-smart-grid-2916300]

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rays are extremely dangerous to humans. So, this android must be turned on after the room is
empty (Augenbraun).
Another main smart product system that will be placed throughout the smart city is smart
meter and smart sensors placed throughout the transmission, production and distribution systems
located on the power grid. These sensors will act as a two way communicator between the smart
meter and the power base. This allows for variable pricing scales in electricity usage and the
ability to see your power usage in almost real time. This can both save the consumer money by
being for efficient and this can help reduce the power load the grid takes and avoid and or
identify the potential faults along the power grid lines in peak usage hours. This same system can
be applied to most utility companies whether it be water or gas lines the model is essentially the
same. Place smart sensors along the lines and at the consumers point of usage and monitor and
collect the usage information and allow the consumer to see there usage in real time and apply a
price to that usage to provide an incentive to be more efficient.
3.2.4 Implications of a Smart City
A smart city will not only be smart, but be smart about its waste output, energy usage,
social welfare, and economic conditions. It is an interconnect city using the “internet of things”.
The implications for a city like this are huge, its citizens will be able to better communicate with
not only themselves, but with their elected officials as well. A smart city at its core needs to be
focused on being efficient to provide better services and quality of life to its citizens. Better
quality of life can be achieved by better communication between citizens, whether it be from
government services to healthcare. To do this a smart city needs to use the smart sensors that are
placed in the city via products that create a network of smart systems that tie into a smart city
and all of these systems provide the end user with some sort of data that in turn needs to be
applied and this is where predictive systems is a huge component of a smart city. A predictive
system is essentially data recorded by the products and sensors that has been applied to certain
mathematical algorithms and then applied to a predictive model. Some of these predictive
models that would apply at a city level would be traffic predictive systems, Power grid predictive
systems, and also various other predictive systems that can be applied at a social level. Creating a
better lifestyle for people living in the city is the key component of a smart city.
Having a smart city also has some potential risks that will need to be combated in order
for the city to survive, advance, and grow in the future. Some of these risks need to be identified
earlier in the smart city’s life to be able to combat them. These risks included cyber security,
economic hardship for middle to lower class, cost, and government regulation. The cyber
security risk is the greatest threat of all the risks because it not only can bring down systems and
negatively affect citizen’s lives, it is hard to combat. It is hard to combat because of all the
different aspects of cyber securities. The threat from hackers hacking into an interconnected city,
which is what a smart city will be, is a real possibility. With this threat cities must have their own
teams to combat this issue. Economic hardships will occur with the implementation of smart
cities because smart city’s systems will render some jobs obsolete. This economic hardship will
happen for those whose skill set are no longer needed and it will continue until the education gap
is bridged in the city. A smart city will be an expensive city with a lot of cost. With this cost will
come some sort of government funding, which will allow for some government regulation that
can possible hinder the city’s economy or systems due to this additional oversight of the city.

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Smart City Analysis
Findings Trends
Financial
feasibility
Mature Market moved away
from research
funding.(Robinson, 2014)
Smart cities deliver value
through cost savings &
forewarning of potential
failures, thus speeding up the
payback period.
North America & EU by governments and trend
toward firms taking on costs as own operational
budgets (Robinson, 2014)
Opportunities Emerging markets
supporting rapid urban
growth (Robinson, 2014)
What smart city connectivity means is city
specific.(Robinson, 2014)
Targeted resource efficiency. (EX: energy, water)
Targeting consumptive/ problematic
The Future of Smart Cities
With the rise of smart city’s you will see a rise in the education levels of these cities and
you will see new technologies emerge in these cities. These technologies can range from city to
city, but almost all smart cities will include the “internet of things” (Ratekin). A smart grid,
smart mobility and smart education, the rest may very between cities but a smart city could not
function without these. While the smart grid of comparable cities may differ in the likes of one
city relies on solar power and another relies on nuclear power each city will still have similar
sensors placed throughout the grid that send out transactive signals to all those who are
connected. Smart mobility may be the same but you will see more of the population using more
efficient means of transportation whether it is from more efficient carbon fueled vehicles or
electric cars to mass public transportation. Most smart cities will include some sort of mass
public transportation system ranging from electric busses to bullet trains this will play a major
part in the future of the smart city (Ratekin).
Smart education will be a more interconnect experience among students, teachers and
parents. Smart education is essentially allowing technology smart systems into the classrooms
via computers, tablets, smart boards, smart cards, smart phone applications that are monitored by
teachers and parents in a way that is useful to the education of the child. All of this lead to one
thing and that the idea of the “internet of things “and that everything in the future smart city will
be interconnected. Thing like your coffee pot will be able to communicate with your smart phone
that will be able to communicate with your doctor and let them know your daily caffeine intake
this is just one of the millions of possible examples of the future of the smart city.
3.3 Smart Infrastructure

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Smart infrastructure is the hardware initiating efficient management of increasingly connected
networks. Smart Infrastructure is the development of platforms to support the connectivity of
smart cities. Adoption of smart infrastructure is the supporting agent in the evolution of
ecosystems of smart products and services toward large scale application. It is the future of the
IoT. Smart systems are among us, further progression lies in smart infrastructure adoption in an
evolutionary manner (Elzinga). The International Energy Agency published a study on
technology roadmaping of smart grids, the journal noted the evolutionary manner of smart
infrastructure; adoption of smart infrastructure will not be a “one-time event” as Elzinga
describes. To exemplify this in the context of smart grid infrastructure a figure was compiled
showing its progression over time. Figure 2 below shows the future of smart infrastructure
incorporating additional connectivity and energy storage capacity. Both of these factors are
components that will be visible in a multitude of smart infrastructure sectors not exclusively
smart grid application.
Figure 2: Smarterelectricity systems
Elzinga, David(2011)“Technology Roadmap: Smart Grids” International Energy Agency
3.4 Smart Homes
The evolution of connected home has been moving very fast in the past decade. It has
been observed that the routine of traditional use of home appliances, home entertainment, and
home gadgets is changing at a rate beyond expectation with the increase of more innovative
technology. This section will focus on the rapid evolution of connected home concepts including
the analysis of different technologies and the risk factor elements involved in the venture of
smart home adoption.
The mission of a smart home is primarily to make people’ lives easy but most
prominently for those who are technology savvy and those who believe that an automated home
is the new way of living. The average American household has at least one or two smart devices
currently that they believe are indispensable for their daily activities. The market of smart
devices has become one of the biggest markets in the history of the home improvement and
leisure. Yet, questions arise in the minds of consumers and innovators alike, how much is the
consumer educated about smart homes and why is a smart home system important in their life.

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These are the kind of questions that any consumer
wonders about before determining whether or not
a smart home system is the new revolutionary
lifestyle to embrace. The list of home devices is
long, current innovations include but not limited
to smart rice cookers, coffee makers, door locks,
showers, floors, baby monitors, security devices,
thermometers etc. The Smart home is a important
platform in the smart technology progression, it is
the connective element of the internet of things to
large scale application.
3.4.1 Smart Home Adoption
Consumers have a wide-range yet common way of defining what a smart home is. Some
use the term “the connected” instead of the smart home. However, often innovators refer to the
Internet of Things to define a smart home, linking the idea of a smart home to the increased
availability of devices to be connected within the home from any given location. Ultimately, a
smart home is the vision of home appliances and numerous other gadgets becoming smarter by
means of being able to communicate with each other in order to operate without direct in person
command. For example, the coffee maker that gets your coffee ready in the morning before you
get out of bed, a door that will unlock itself when it senses your presence at the door step and
notify you when there is someone entering your house, lights that turn on as you walk in, and
turn off as you walk out etc.
To continue effective innovation firms need to put aside the “cool factor” and array of
potential benefits, to focus on forward looking analysis of consumer needs. Analysis should lead
firms to what smart products within the home aim to fulfill consumers perceived needs.
Researchers Brink and Bronswijk conducted a study on the interconnectedness of Maslow
Deficiency of Needs Hierarchy and a consumer needs assessment of smart homes (Brink and
Bronswijki, 2013). The study showed that consumers may feel the needs of fundamental
satisfaction from different elements of smart homes, Bronswijk & Brink concluded that the new
connection of existing technologies of home automation is required to assure an optimal quality
of life in our aging society; the roll-out of smart homes leaves much to be desired. Technology
issues are left to be solved, yet Brink and Bronswijk consider it in the hands of the marketer to
utilize the psychological effect of this trend on consumer’s state of mind. Brink and Bronswijk
express the importance of identifying the divergence between consumer needs and the potential
features a smart home can supply. Authors propose that by linking smart home innovation design
and technology development with human needs as outlined in Maslow’s Deficiency of Needs a
smart product can increase its valuation and level of adoption into the smart home.
“Maslow identified consecutive layers of deficiencies in needs of human subjects: physiological,
safety related, concerning a sense of love and belonging, self-esteem related, and room for self-
fulfillment or self-actualization. The more basic physiological needs (such as breathing, eating,
walking) have to be fulfilled before the higher deficiencies (such as social and safety needs) start
to matter” (Brink and Bronswijki, 2013).

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The needs elements that smart homes fulfills were observed within the lower levels of the
Maslow’s hierarchy yet, once it reached higher levels of esteem or self-actualization the
connection began to fall apart. The smart home that connects with consumers social, safety and
physical needs are the smart homes
that will succeed in adoption.
Based on Brink and
Bronswijk’s research, many start-up
companies have been able to spot the
actual needs of consumers and create
a market for automated homes. In a
similar approach, Portland, Oregon
based company IOTAS, has spotted
the need for smart home apartment
complex’s. IOTAS has identified two
different groups of consumers: early
adopters, who want/need a smart
equipped home and those who are content with the traditional lifestyle. Using data collected
from several surveys, the company forecasts that consumer are changing habits, switching to
smart home based on basic needs, such as save money on energy bill, better safety control, better
use of energy and time consumption to accomplish household tasks. “Portland real estate
developer Capstone Partners is working with Internet of Things startup IOTAS to bring an
energy-centric smart home to the rental market. The IOTAS platform will be able to monitor
outlets, lights, doors, water, motion and temperature through sensors in smart outlets and
switches in each room. The company already has a hardware manufacturer on board and is
working out a deal with a large
national property management firm”
(Spencer, 2015)
Smart homes will eventually
make life easier and more
convenient for a wide range of
users. It is very convenient to be
able to control lighting,
entertainment and temperature
without having to exert excess time
or effort. Whether you're at work or
on vacation, the smart home will
alert you to what's going on at the
home level. Security systems can be
built to provide an immense amount of help in case of emergency. For example, not only would
a resident be woken with
notification of a fire alarm sensor,
but the smart home would also unlock doors, dial the fire department and light the path to safety.
Smart homes also provide some energy efficiency savings and reduce cost of usage. Systems
Cortney Kerr Photography the apartments in grant park village outfitted for the iotas
platform doesn’t look any different on the surface.
Figure 2: Maslow’s Deficiency of Needs

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such as Z-Wave and ZigBee put in devices at a reduced level of functionality, meaning devices
can go to sleep and wake up when commands are given. Electric bills will go down when lights
are automatically turned off in empty rooms, and rooms can be heated or cooled based on who's
there at any given moment. These are the kind of needs that the smart home of today and
tomorrow will bring to satisfy human deficiencies.
3.4.2 Technology inside the Home
A lot of real-estate home builders are trying very hard to integrate smart homes systems
in new homes to embrace home automation technologies. The goal is to provide homeowners
with intelligent and sophisticated feedback and information by closely monitoring many aspects
of their home while they are home or away. For example, a smart home's refrigerator may be
able to catalogue its contents of groceries, notify you that you are running out and suggest menus
as well as recommend healthy alternatives, or potentially order replacements as food is used up.
To go even further, a smart home might adopt taking care of entertaining your pet or watering
the plants at any given time scheduled.
New homebuilders are highly aware of the measures that must be taken to build homes
with the additional wiring and controls required to run advanced home automation systems.
Retro-fitting (adding smart home technologies to an existing property) a house to make it a smart
home is obviously significantly more costly than adding the required technologies to a new home
due to the complications of routing wires and placing sensors in appropriate places, which
consequently add a premium value to the cost of the home. It is important to note that the range
of different smart home technologies available is expanding rapidly in big cities along with
developments in computer controls and smart sensors. This has inevitably led to compatibility
issues and therefore, a drive to standardize home automation technologies and protocols.
Platform technology that connects hubs of smart devices, consists of a two-wire bus line that is
installed along with normal electrical wiring that links appliances to a decentralized
communication system and functions like a telephone line or cell phone Bluetooth over which
appliances can be ultimately controlled.
Regardless of the technology complications, smart homes present some very exciting
opportunities to change the way we live, work, and consume energy. The ability to check
messages, open windows, operate lights, curtains and monitor energy system savings, through
your smartphone or any other connected device, from anywhere in the world can be highly
valuable. Consumers’ willingness to switch from the traditional home to an automated home
technology is high considering the system implemented is a good smart systems defined by our
model identified in 6.0. “New home builders have been getting more and more interest in
building home that is ready for the new generation on customer who want and live only
technology: the millennial. Builders see growing demand for tech-heavy, smart home features.
In this regard the director-maker of Nest Lab states early this year in Orlando Business Journal
that “it all started with millennial, who live and breathe technology on a daily basis and wanted
more smart-home type of options in the homes. That has since trickled into other demographics,
from first-time homebuyers all the way up to empty nesters and retirees” (Fulker, 2015).

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The growing market for
automated home and the production
of its component such as smart
systems hubs and smart sensors
have created a competitive market
among start-up companies and
those that are already established.
Nest, is one the top companies base
in California, which was acquired
by Google earlier this year, is going
to have plenty of competition down
the road with company like
SmartThings, a Washington DC
based startup. Among those we
have Apple and Google. “Last month, Apple announced its own home-automation software,
called Home Kit. It is due to launch with Apple's iOS8 operating system this year. “Home Kit
will allow iPhone and iPad users to control door locks, lighting, CCTV cameras and heating/air-
conditioning systems but rather than centering it on a thermostat, like Nest, the Apple TV
internet set-top box is expected to act as its hub” (Marks, 2014). The consumer base of Apple is
very strong and in this regard has already a competitive advantage. However, “SmartThings shop
is currently offering two starter kits for home control applications, for $199 and $299. Which are
not very cheap for the average consumer electronics, so their product is premium market. So the
kits include the SmartThings hub and various sensors and devices for receiving notifications
when people, pets, and car arrive and leave, turning on lights or a TV in response to motion
detection and other home control scenarios. The shop also has individual items, including
SmartThings compatible devices from GE, Schrage and Kwikset, and solution sets for various
categories, such as keeping track of kids and elders, turning off appliances via a phone and
controlling and automating lighting” (Marks, 2015). The problem that will rise for the
consumers is the cost of each individual hub.
Installation is neither cheap nor easy at the moment in homes infrastructure that is already
established, especially those built decades ago. The average household income will not have it
easy to afford any smart devices that come from neither Nest nor SmartThings.
All of these big companies are currently competing with each other for market share.
3.4.3 Transmission Platform
and Associated Smart Home
Challenges
Many consumers who
are technologically savvy will
find no problem to be wired to
their smart devices from
distance as long as they have the
luxury to monitor anything
without stress and physical
effort. This makes us thank the
Jetsons and the invention this
Nest’s venture into home-security with its smoke alarms and Dropcam’s wireless
video camera could be Google’s step into the smart home industry (Strivastava,
2014).

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theories since 1975 of the X10 that is a home automation communication standard. “The X10 in
fact will transmit signals over power lines in the home that will then allow lights switches and
various devices in the home to communicate with each other” (Edmonds and Chandler, 2015).
The beginning of this technology truly began with X10 and it could interpret electronic
interference as a command and react, or it might not receive the command at all. While X10
devices are still around, other technologies have emerged to compete for your home networking
dollar. Instead of going through the power lines, many new systems use radio waves to
communicate. That's how Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and cell phone signals operate. “Two of the most
prominent radio networks in home automation are ZigBee and Z-Wave. Both of these
technologies are mesh networks, meaning there's more than one way for the message to get to its
destination. But new innovators are trying to make things even simpler by creating a simple
platform that they can control from anywhere.
It is challenging for consumer to keep track of everything from one hub or another one.
But many company have been using the X10 model from Jetsons to come up with a simple way
to monitor all the devices at once. Company like SmartThings in this regard has already shipped
thousands of it home automation gadget along with several other in-home gadgets. The company
as shown to consumer how to use the hub in many various ways and also, its SmartThings hub
comes up with cool tweaks for the system, such as programming the washing or dryer machine
to send a text when it's finished, or turning light bulbs blue if a water sensor detects a leak. The
firm is in effect turning to its own customers for ideas on how to turn the dream of the smart
home into reality. But the problem of single platform still has not been solved. This system will
require some sort of hub in order to work efficiently for all other smart home devices. This is
largely due to the complexity of getting dozens of disparate objects all communicating with one
another. Another way to attack the issue is to design more adaptable software which includes
microchip designer ARM, BT and IBM. The universal “discovery and interoperation” system,
called HyperCat, aims to allow devices from different manufacturers to discover one another and
work together seamlessly”. (Marks, 2014)
3.4.4 Strategic Road Map of Smart Home
The smart-home industry is expected to reach $17.9 billion in hardware and services
revenue this year, growing to $40 billion by 2019, according to Strategy Analytics. Many
company’s’ have been on the race to catch a share of the market. After reviewing many articles,
authors agree, risks are present, firms must be ready to take losses in order to claim the leader
with the big company that are already established. “Google have invested a large amount of
money in this venture. Their recent acquisition of Nest for $3.2 billion last January and opened
up its software interfaces in June for developers to connect with Nest's thermostat and its smoke
and CO2 detectors was a big financial move. “SmartThings is a tiny player in all of this, but its
"platform" approach is getting attention. Samsung is reportedly making moves to buy the startup
for $200 million. Talk of a partnership with Lowe's has been circulating. Since SmartThings
began shipping its hubs after a September
2012 campaign on Kickstarter raised $1.2
million, the company claims to be in tens of
thousands of U.S. homes and that its
installed base is increasing 10% to 20% a
month. Even SmartThings' rivals such as
Revolv, which sells a $300 hub (but lacks

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an open platform for app developers), admit this. "Nobody right now is making money at the hub
level," says Revolv cofounder Mike Soucie”(Aaron, 2014).
Most companies, however, are interested in offering higher value services to offset the
competitive pressures that erode pricing. In the following illustration company demonstrates the
likely evolution of company strategies up the value stack, beginning with basic- and managed-
connectivity. The roadmap of this analysis is to understand the evolution of the market and what
will be the measures to take.
3.4.5 Financial Risk and Challenges for the Smart Home
The greater opportunity for the Internet of Things industry is in selling services. Like
ordinary homeowners, the cost of the smart home is another aspect that smart homeowner should
consider. The current issue at the moment is the insurance policy and fees connected to the use of
smart devices as new system that adds value to the cost of the home, therefore the cost of the
insurance. For those reason, insurance companies want to issue more intelligent policies based
on live data emanating for any automated homes. Also, home retirement facility for example is
also a big market for smart device especially, monitoring device services are eager to charge
families for the ability to monitor the condition of their loved ones via smartphone. Companies
like SmartThings would receive a portion of each sale made through its system. “SmartThings'
first real business deal on this front is its partnership with Cross Country Home Services, the
second-largest home warranty provider in the U.S. Each time a SmartThings user hires a Cross
Country contractor, SmartThings will get a piece of the fee” (Aaron, 2014).
The horizon seems promising for some of them to make money from automated home
venture. But the reality is that everything that will contribute to make a home run will have to be
connected to some sort of hardware. Hawkinson, CEO of SmartThings believe that there will be
a saturation at some time where everything is connected and you won’t be able to buy a door
lock that isn’t connected; which will generate a service provider created. It is important to note
that booming of smart sensors data will eventually shake up the insurance industry. Company
like Allstate already offers a 25% premium discount for those who sign up for a home
monitoring service. Insurance companies are taking an active measure to protect the capital asset
in this industry.
3.5 Smart Products
3.5.1 Products & Services
Making technology invisible, a seamless part of our lives, is the job of today's designers.
Their roles have a far and wide usage, from an aircraft seat, a microwave, a mobile phone to a
piece of clothing; it is their duty to transform complex technology to be useful whenever needed
by the masses. A well-designed product is usually the result of hundreds of carefully formed
decisions regarding its functionality, our needs and lifestyles, as well as our emotional response
to color, texture and form.
Smart products are specialized products that have the physical recognition and digital
product specifications that give certain features, and which include; situation, personalization

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and its parameters over time at any place. Radio frequency identification (RFID) uses wireless
electromagnetic fields to disseminate information for automatic use in identification as well as
tracking of attached products. In short, this development has represented the growing marriage
between the physical world and the digital one in such a way that interference from either the
physical or the virtual world might affect either one of them. From smart phones that act as
personal concierges to self-parking cars to medical robots.
Electronic devices have become very important part of our lives and they complement
every side of our life from home appliances, air conditioners, televisions, phones, weighing
scale, energy meter to other devices such computers, tablets and medical devices. The Internet
of Things (IoT) is the connectivity of devices which have electronics, software components,
sensors and internet and this ensures a higher value of service and sharing of data between
manufacturers, operator and with other connected devices. Every other device is exclusively
identified through attached computing system, though they can interoperate using the existing
internet infrastructure. The enablers of IOT are smart sensors such as motion sensors and
environment sensors as well as ultra-low current consumption wireless technologies.
The importance of sensors has grown in strides in different industries, however, this item
has made it easy to monitor motion, environment as well as other parameters which are remotely
located as well as transfer to the control system through wireless technologies. Their importance
to human life has been several folds, and in addition, they have made already developed devices
seem smarter (Goyal, 2014).
From the robots on Mars landing without human help, to the cars whose dashboards we
can now talk to, smart phones that are in effect our own concierges, artificial intelligence is
changing our lives sometimes in ways that are obvious and visible, but often in subtle and
invisible forms.
3.5.2 Smartphones
Smartphones have become a very important component of modern life and without them
we feel like only half a person. They complement every facet of human life from browsing
through the internet, social media platforms, check emails, manage calendars, listen to music,
play games, watch videos, take photos, read the news, and to their basic functionality which is
using them for voice calls. Such advances in the functionality of phones were unthinkable in the
past say 20 years ago, and as a result they have changed the way of life drastically.

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Today every kind of information is available round the clock and can be accessed all over
the globe. . Pleasantly, the wheels of innovation and invention have not halted, and the growth of
applications has provided people with the opportunity to obtain specific information that they
seek, which is not only convenient but also sufficient. Similarly, smart phones have
revolutionized communication as they provide a variety of platforms; text messages, voice calls,
instant messaging, emailing, social media amongst others.
The ability to obtain information round the clock has had a profound influence on
people’s lives. Research has shown there is a high probability for individuals to easily forget
information that they are sure to obtain and retrieve conveniently. The internet has also provided
people with an easier root to store information away from the confines of their brain (Leitner,
2012)
Global smartphone industry reached an all-time high when it reached over 1.83 billion
units globally in 2013. The statistics show that global smart phone manufacturing giants; Apple
and Samsung contribute two thirds of industry revenue, and nearly the profit generated by the top
ten smart phone manufacturers. Just as the industry is synonymous with cutthroat innovative
competitiveness, other players are increasingly foraying into the forte of the big two, and the two
are feeling the heat on their profit margins. Industry analysts assert that the power of the Android
system continues to exert pressure on Apple and fast closing gap on it, due to the Samsung’s
ability to differentiate (Koytcheva, 2014).

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Over the last few years, the market for smart phones has continued to experience pressure
from subsidization of products in very mature markets, and this has effectively polarized the
market. In numbers, 2014 saw 450 million smart phone handsets being shipped to China, and
with India’s 900 million mobile phone subscribers(world’s second largest mobile phone market),
242.7 million handsets were shipped into the country in 2013, yet only a sixth were smart phones
(Koytcheva, 2014).
The smartphone market share in the US is expected to gradually decline from 16.58% in
2012 to 9.3% in 2018. A similar forecast is made for Western Europe, which will observe a
negative growth from 16.98% in 2012 to 10% in 2018. US, being a developed market, has an
already elevated smartphone penetration with little or almost no room for more smartphones
(Srivastava, 2014).
3.5.3 Smart Watches
Smart watches and fitness trackers are at the epicenter of the tech world and they have
becoming in all manner of shapes and sizes. The market for smart phones is definitely huge and
continues to grow, and this will in a way enhance the growth of the market for smart wearable
devices. A report by Credit Suisse puts the entire market at $3billion to $5 billion, with potential
to reach $32.9 billion by 2020 (Rowinski, 2014)
FuelBand, Jawbone and Fitbit have been leading the line amongst fit tracker brands and
have so far enable more consumer interactions with this piece of wearable technology. Apple

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and Samsung are not far behind in the wearable business as they have duplicated the fitness
tracking potential through inbuilt operating systems. Consequently, this has lead to a shift of
startups towards companion software to offer not just basic experience and provide additional
data collection points and approaches to present such data in pragmatic and helpful ways.
Increasingly, people are beginning to consider smart watches in the way they consider smart
phones, PCs and the internet.
Most developed technology developed by companies like Apple and Microsoft and tailor
made to fit into the lifestyle of the user. Such products as the mobile smart phones and the smart
watch are easy to use and make the life of the user easier. Value addition is therefore quite
crucial in the development of wearable technology. Moving beyond health tracking, wearables
put evolutionary pressure on smartphone manufacturers to move into the smartwatch category. A
lot of people think wearables have the power to transform society in the same manner as PCs, the
Internet, and smartphones. And wearable technology is just getting to the point where it’s
possible for products to be equally practical, capable, inventive, and essential. This is similar to
the advent of smartphones and how they changed the personal computer market, forcing the likes
of Apple and Microsoft into the mobile market. The smartwatch has had a similar effect, with
some believing it to be the next logical step in mobile technology.
The smart watch will begin stealing
features and functions from the smartphone. In
time, we might start to forget about the
smartphone, until one day our junk drawers will
be crowded with them. So many concepts and
ideas related to wearables are focused on ways
to interact with smartphones less, controlling
your music, displaying the QR code for a
boarding pass, or replying to a text message with
your voice. Or there’s this idea that wearable’s
have to be a thing we interact with at all.
On the hardware side, products from firms such as Apple, Jawbone, Intel and Samsung
have high tech sensors that are able to constantly and precisely monitor actions, pulse rate, sleep
cycles, and other important physiological factors. On the software side, these companies
mentioned above plus others such as Baidu and with the exception of Jawbone and Intel are
developing systems on health. These can generate data from a host of wearable and other
portable devices and have a potential to produce important info that are founded on widespread
data sets. On the software side, various companies such as Apple, Google, Samsung and Baidu
are working on health platforms. These platforms are able to aggregate data from various
wearable’s and sources, and promise to generate valuable insights based on comprehensive data
sets.
People often ask where the congruence between smart phone and the smart watch lie,
particularly with respect to health and fitness. It was rumored in late 2014, that the Apple Watch
will provide a solution to this question in early 2015, but the current Apple Watch is rather
complicated, and it seems to be more of a ploy to enhance the sale of iPhones. This watch as the

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obvious smart phone based sensors for health, and which include heart rate sensor and
pedometer, which is attached to the Apple Health app that provides aggregation to the fitness
data.
In November 2014, the Korean electronics giants, Samsung announced a new device
called the Simband. The Simband is a modular band with a number of expendable sensors that
was planned to be more technologically efficient. In essence, the Simband was a reference for
the design towards futuristic smart watches and tracking of health. In combination with Simband,
Samsung has software for writing new algorithms of health related data and a cloud-based health
data exchange called SAMI. Samsung calls this package of research and reference material
Voice of the Body.
Researchers can use the Simband to use a variety of sensors designed to penetrate the
mysteries of the body through technological and software-based means. The modular nature of
Simband means that researchers can build sensors and place them in the band to track a variety
of body-related data. Examples of sensor technology that the Simband can use include not just
standard infrared but red, green, blue, yellow and green LED sensors to allow for multiple layers
of infiltration of light. In addition to the multi-colored LEDs, the Simband can employ electric,
acoustic and optical sensors to track health information. The sensors on the Simsense module
include:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) for recording the electrical activity of the heart.
- Bio-Impedance (Bio-Z) sensor which is a method for estimating body composition,
especially body fat.
- Photoplethysmogram (PPG) is a volumetric measure of an organ obtained by using a
pulse oximeter that illuminates skin and measures change in light absorption.
- Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) used to measure the electrical conductance of skin
through sweat.
- Thermometer measures skin temperature.
In the wearable technology world, the sensors used are relatively new phenomena but in
the field of medicine they have been used in most hospitals and clinics. The sensors offer a
stream of endless possibilities, some of which include providing a link between health and
gadgets that people use every day. Smart watches for instance play a very important role in the
field of medicine and of particular importance is the monitoring of glucose levels for those with
insulin related health problems. Other important uses also include monitoring of the heart rate
thus providing a likely deterrent for cardiovascular related complications (Darrel, 2014)
In future the smart watch will provide tailor made solutions to therapy, provide solutions
related to delivery of drugs in the most convenient times for people in need of them and also be
of help to individuals with lung related complications, epilepsy, physically handicapped
individuals, and those with mental conditions. In addition they provide an excellent and precise
solution for maintaining the records of patients. The smart watches market continues to grow
exponentially due to favorable market conditions with North America providing almost one third
of the market revenue in the year 2013. Future projections however indicate that the market will
be mostly provided by the Asian region, with China providing the largest share for this particular
market while also providing a low cost manufacturing hub for wearable technology.

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Newer sensor technologies are poised to revolutionize the product market in the decade,
and in addition, this would enable other new companies to exploit the opportunity to enter the
market as either offering auxiliary products or just the main production, perhaps it the
revolutionary stage. Consequently, the market would be more competitive, and the cycle would
continue, as it would lead to better products being produced.
The Global Smart watch market has been estimated to hit $32.9 billion in the next years,
and this is according to the results of a new report, the Global Smartwatch-size, Industry
Analysis, Trends, Growth and Forecast 2014-2020. The 2013 sales figures in units indicates
more shipment of smart watches by Samsung, other dominant firms in the business include Nike
and Garmin respectively. There are approximately forty countries enjoying the end product of
this consumer good, yet the industry’s surface has merely been scratched, and this indicates a
real potential for higher products in the future. Presently, the market is purely driven by the giant
technological firms such as the Korean electronics giant, Samsung, then Apple and even the
search engine giant, Google among others. Nonetheless, the dynamics of the market is expected
to increase competition as well as the entry of new competition. Through the R&D departments,
the makers of smart watch continues to upsurge their expenditure on research, and top players
such as Samsung, Pebble, Maritime and Sony whose huge investments in R&D are expected to
lead the way in new smart watch market wars. To achieve supremacy in the market, an effective
distribution channel would be the most likely ally that would help to cement the market status of
such a firm. Samsung has an established and a global network of distribution system which is
stronger compared to other players in the industry and this adds to their competitive edge
(Correa, 2014).

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3.5.3 Smart Products for Sports
The developed world is currently affected by the problem of overweight, and there is a
renewed pressure by the general populace in such nations to consider personal fitness regime to
enhance fitness, lose and maintain weight for its obvious health benefits. . Smart sensor go
farther that just counting your steps, The new Adidas product is the first system of its kind that
uses physiological data in real time sending it straight to a coach's tablet on the side-line.
miCoach Elite Team System is not only provides real-time insights during training, but tracks
total training impact, collects and manages data and is highly portable. The state of the art system
measures everything from power, speed and distance to heart rate, acceleration and field
position, allowing key insights into player performance and work.
Adidas’ new product it’s one of a kind as it uses physiological data in real time and
delivers information to the trainer’s tablet on the sideline. The miCoach Elite Team System, as
the product is known, provides real time information during training and trails the total training
impact, collecting and managing data, and in addition the product is very portable. The state of
the art system takes in every dimension required from the trainee, from power to speed,
acceleration, field positions, and distance and to even psychological details such as the heart rate
among others. This helps in close monitoring of the performance of a player and obtaining key
information on their work rate, and this will hugely impact the future of soccer in the North
American major leagues. In fact, Adidas had announced that Major League Soccer teams will
commence the use of the flagship smart products: miCoach Elite and set of own fitness tracking
devices. These will remit data about each member of the team to their coach in real time, and
information on each player’s positioning, movements, speed, heart rate, stamina, and other
physical as well a physiological data. At the center of this novel product is a tiny item known as
the cell, which is a small data capturing device. It has a heart rate monitor, accelerometer, GPS
tracking device, magnetometer and gyroscope. Players wear the device in a special garment with
a protective pocket which places the device in between the player’s shoulder blades, and a
whinny little antennas of the device sends the data that is collected via radio frequency to a
receiver. The receiver then sends the data through Wi-Fi to a tablet, normally on the hands of the
coach or any fitness expert (Duffy, 2012).

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3.6 Smart Sensors
The objective of this section was to the following; (1) Identify what is a smart sensor, (2)
Briefly explains certain architectures (3) Identify the trends and market size for smart sensors,
(4) explain the implications for these smart sensors. Using the information from this section a
future outlook was constructed and how smart sensors will increase connectivity of products and
services.
3.6.1 Smart Sensors Defined
Sensors are devices that measure changes in physical energy (temperature, chemical,
acoustic, etc.) and translate that energy source into an electrical signal. Typically, this electrical
signal is then sent via a digital or analog signal to a data acquisition unit to display data or be
stored. With an increasing need for sensors to provide better, more specific data, sensors are
being embedded on silicon with microcontrollers or processors. This process allows basic
sensors to become more intelligent and programmable. Smart sensors in most cases can; self
calibrate, filter noise, and send alerts to users. Smart sensors are a rapidly growing market that
offers new possibilities in the world of product development and application.
3.6.2 Microcontroller
These devices are basically mini computers. They have a programmable input/output,
processor core, and memory. Microcontrollers when combined with a wide variety of sensors
give them the power too:
 Pre-process data to filter out noise
 Programmable calibration or configuration setting that is remembered and self-correcting
 Communicate measurements & alerts
Legacy sensors without microcontrollers process the data externally. This means that the
measurements are made by the sensor and processed by another computer system. The problem
with this method is the amount of data being created. “We are swimming in sensors, and
drowning in data,” said Dharmendra Modha, a principal investigator at IBM (Kharif, 2013). The
ability to filter data more accurately will decrease noise and increase the value of the data.
Shown below is a popular 16-bit microcontroller by Texas Instruments. This model use has 62.5
ns instruction cycle times and a very fast wakeup time. Both factors work to reduce the overall
power requirements of the board. There are other controllers that are bigger, more powerful, but
use more energy.

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Fig 1-1: MSP 430 by Texas Instruments
(Gabay, 2013)
IEEE 1451.4 Standards
The Standardization of a smart sensor’s: (1) communication interface, (2) standard
hardware, (3) software specifications, was achieved by the IEEE 1451.4. This standard has given
sensors a plug-and-play capability, which has increased the ability to use these sensors and
maintain a wide variety of sensors. The introduction of the transducer electronic data sheet
(TEDS) has allowed end users to track and better maintain sensors. TEDS hold standard
information (e.g. manufacturer, model, calibration, range..ect) about the sensor and is often
installed in the memory of the sensor. (Sereiko, et al. 2003). Figure 1-2 shows what information
the TEDS hold and that the information is transmitted digitally through binary.
Fig 1-2: Example of Smart Sensor with TEDS (Wynn, 2004)

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The TEDs have allowed for more innovation in smart sensor application. Sensors now
have a better way to communicate with the user, which leads to more practical and cost effective
sensors. This has allowed business to better track sensors and develops new applications.
3.6.3 Smart Sensor Design
Design of smart sensors is still an evolving field. Research is continually expanding the
possible designs and applications of sensors. It is important to note that this is not an easy
process and requires skilled engineers who work in the sensor field. “Design is more of an art
than a science due to the wide variety of sensing principles, packaging methods and circuit
techniques that can be used to compensate for, or even cancel out, various non-idealities”
(Makinwa et al., 2007). Sensors can be integrated in circuit technology with a single processor
or two-chip solution. The onboard electronics complement the sensor in the following main
functions: (1) Supply voltage and/or current required to operate the sensor, (2) processes sensor
data (3) communicate a strong signal output to the outside data acquisition units. (4) Mode
selection.
A majority of smart sensors send a digital output. This allows the sensor’s processor and
electronics to apply signal condition that filter out noise and increase output accuracy. “This
approach facilitates the interconnection of several sensors via a digital bus, and takes advantage
of the flexibility and ever increasing signal processing capability of microprocessors” (Makinwa
et al., 2007). Today’s smart sensors can also be manufactured to operate in a variety of modes
with different performance metrics. This allows for more accurate reading given different
scenarios, e.g. the required range, bandwidth, and linearity. “In general, maximum dynamic
range is obtained in open-loop mode, while maximum linearity and bandwidth can be obtained in
closed-loop mode” (Makinwa et al., 2007).
Fig 1-3: A Smart Hall Sensor
(Makinwa et al., 2007).

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Figure 1-3 shows the design of a smart magnetic field sensor. A Magnetic field induces a
voltage that a chopper that acts as a switch to send a singular voltage. This voltage is converted
to an analog signal that is then converted into a digital signal. This digital signal is then filtered
and processed by a microcontroller.
3.6.4 HART Protocol
Major problem for smart sensors is calibration. Performance can only be evaluated by
which inaccuracies are known. HART Protocol is a hybrid communication standard that allows
for a 4-20 ma analog signal and a digital signal to be sent from a smart device.
Emerson Process Management highlights the following benefits: “
 Device Status & Diagnostic Alerts
 Process Variables & Units
 Loop Current & % Range
 Basic Configuration Parameters
 Manufacturer & Device Tag
With additional information like this, HART devices that are digitally polled by a host can tell
you if they're correctly configured and operating correctly” (Emerson Process Management,
2002). A communication and calibration standard is important for a smart system to adopt. This
way data accuracy and reliability can be monitored in a controlled, real time system. A
standardized communication/calibration standard has huge implications for smart systems,
services, and products. When the data is translated into actionable information for a product or
service the data needs to be correct and relevant. If the information is not correct, the
product/service will be full of bugs or fail to work at all. Business looking to develop smart
systems, products, or services need to ensure they are using smart sensors that are using the same
communication standard.
3.6.5 Sensors Market
According to an article in Bloomberg, “The market for sensors integrated with
processors will reach 2.8 trillion devices in 2019, up from 65 million this year” (Kharif, 2013).
Winter Green Research, a company that sells market trend data and reports, is what the market
data is based on. This growth means that smart sensors will become cheaper and more
widespread in the future.
3.6.5 Sensors Trend
The overall trend for these smart sensors is to become smaller and more energy efficient.
Most sensor applications for products and cities will be remote sensors. “Remote sensors need to
be small, rugged, reliable, and able to operate on a very limited power budget” (Lecklider, 2014).
Wearable sensors have become a new, popular market for sensor developers. It is likely the
sensors will become smaller and more power efficient to better fit the wearable technology
market.

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Smart Sensors
Function Key Characteristics Trends
Communication
Digital and analog two-way signals. Still
use of legacy (analog only sensors). Some
adoptions of communication standards for
smart sensors (Mainly HART Protocol).
Full Digital Communication.
Adoption and adaptation of
communication standards
Microprocessor
Programmable. Self-calibration. Filters
noise. Adaption for smart sensors is still a
young industry.
Will become more integrated and
powerful. Increases in onboard
memory and functionalities.
Production is increasing and as a
result prices will decrease over
time.
Architecture
Sensors attached to silicon based electrons,
that process and communicate data.
On board electrons will become
smaller & more energy efficient.
Cheaper to build.
Market
Sensors integrated with
processors will reach 2.8 trillion
devices in 2019, up from 65
million this year” (Kharif, 2013).
3.6.7 Implications of Smart Sensors
The technological advancements to sensors will lead to more accurate measurement, and
increased communication between devices. These smart sensors will help to filter data even more
and only report relevant data back to the end user or programmer. Smart sensors will lead to new
products and find their way into old products. According to an article in EE “the sensor is a
fundamental but small part of the overall system developed to address the application. The
improved performance the solution provides is directly linked to how well the raw sensor output
has been converted to actionable information” (Lecklider, 2014). The author recognizes that the
new sensors are great and are helping to create so many new products. However, he is quick to
point out that at the end of the day a sensor is just a measuring tool. Even with accurate
information, it needs to be presented in a meaning full format. Smart sensors require a
background structure and process to determine what data is to be collected and how the
presentation on this information results into a product or service. It could be argued that while
the technology is important, it is meaningless if a complete application is not implemented.
3.7 Security Approaches
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers hosted an international conference
on the Future of Internet of Things and Cloud. A part of the international conference integrated
the ideas of Martain Henze, Lars Hermerschmidt and several others. Their team constructed a
way to protect privacy while simultaneously allowing the potential the Internet of Things holds

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to flourish by utilizing user-driven privacy enforcement for cloud-based services. The Internet of
Things (IoT) is confined in its ability to compute and store data until it is able to fully utilize the
resources cloud computing provides. Privacy is a driving factor in decelerating mass acceptance
of smart networks.
The work of Martain Henze and Lars Hermerschmidt and associates, presents an envisioned
solution to disentangle the complexities that derive when addressing privacy issues of smart
technologies. The journal explains that an IoT device is not typically accustom to each user yet,
current privacy features require a user oriented device. The proposed user-driven privacy
enforcement would address privacy concern, according to the journal, using the following three
methods:
i) Enforcement of a user’s privacy requirements even if her sensitive data leaves the
secured borders of her own IoT network.(Henze, 2014)
ii) A novel approach for integrating privacy functionality into the development of cloud-
based services. (Henze, 2014)
iii) an adaptable, flexible, simple, and transparent possibility for a user to configure her
privacy settings. (Henze, 2014)
Martin Henze, Lars Hernmerschmidt (2014) “User-Driven Privacy Enforcement for Cloud-based Services in the Internet of
Things” 2014 International Conference on the Future Internet of Things and Cloud
Figure 1 illustrates a typical network scenario capturing the transfer of data from the privacy of
the user to cloud storage and thereafter third party access. Potential privacy turmoil resides in
just about every smart product and even more prevalent in networks of coordinated and
collaborative technologies. For example, a home energy efficient system that utilizes user
tendencies and physical positioning to self-adjust electricity and heating use as you enter or leave
a room requires mass data storage that in the hands of a thief could foster negative consequences.
Thus, a system with a multi-faceted approach is necessary to protect the privacy of our data
when conducting transfers of data from the cloud to an internet of things where there are several
access points.

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Martin Henze, Lars Hernmerschmidt (2014) “User-Driven Privacy Enforcement for Cloud-based Services in the Internet of
Things” 2014 International Conference on the Future Internet of Things and Cloud
Figure 2 illustrates the use of Privacy Enforcement Points (PEP) providing increased security to
data stored in the cloud. PEP requires user discretion within important access points as well as
trusted third-parties providing consumer privacy guidance throughout the process.
The progression of smart technology will follow a systematic tiered approach of consumer
adaption. The tiers are constructed based on consumer acceptance, cost efficient transition costs,
and functional value. Firms will work their way up the tiers adopting increased levels of smart
adoption considering roadblocks of security, privacy and other unforeseeable are cleared.
As smart products and services become increasingly interconnected, concerns of security
and privacy have developed, slowing substantial progression. Complexity increases, as does
security concerns as smart technology guides forward. Security is a factor however, in most
cases the benefits achieved with smart technology adoption out weight the threat of security
breaching. Take into account the vast amount of data released via smart phone applications and
internet browser data. The security of the data consumers currently allow access to is
disproportionate to its functional value. Perhaps a future will be made for insurable data.
3.8 Socioeconomics Implications
The applications of smart networks hold a significant impact to the socioeconomics of
our world. A shift will occur, though smart technology has a great impact on increasing
efficiency there will be a surplus of blue collar unemployment displaced to meet demand in the
high tech industry. A significant loss of the blue collar sector of jobs will occur, note the job of a
smart product the sensing, processing, and taking corrective action will take over a string of
human driven jobs in many cases. Within the home, a change in human lifestyle will occur.
Scenario methodology is a way to establish foresight as to how the future will unfold. It
is imperative to operate/develop smart innovations in line with consumer acceptance. Devising
scenarios broaden conceptual understanding of the environment in which you operate. Scenario
planning if implemented properly, (ie. consideration of bias, inaccurate framing, seeking
confirming evidence) is a valuable tool to understanding the future of smart products in that it

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allows a firm to break apart mental boundaries that are hindering the ability to create products
and systems that surpass current conceptual maps.
Smart product innovation is a small function of what the future will hold smart products
that fit the oncoming changes will disrupt and creatively destroy how we as humans function,
especially the socioeconomics. Scenario planning provides the important concept mapping that
can pull apart and re-braid how consumers will absorb smart product, what needs can be
fulfilled, product acceptance, smart city acceptance, socioeconomic implication etc.
4.0 Conceptual Model
4.1 Smart Model Methodology
Using the information from our research streams: smart cities, smart sensors, smart
products, and supplemental information, we developed a smart model to define what qualities the
smart industry needs to have. The smart model is use to evaluate and construct smart systems
and services for the future. In the section we will use the model for: (1) evaluating our case
studies, and (2) explain the implications the model will have on new product development for
smart products.

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4.2 Smart Model Design
Smart Model
Characteristic Description Points Weight
Weighted
Points
Data Efficiency
Adoption of calibration/communication
standard for example (HART
Communication Protocol) to ensure data is
correct. Localized model developed to
capture relevant data, and translate data into
actionable information. 100 40% 40
Communication
Products/Sensors are required to have a full
digital signal output. Speed of
communication is reliable and real time:
implementation of MAC (media access
control) and network layer adaptation. 100 30% 30
Server
Efficiency/Security
Data servers are of an adequate size for the
service. Size is easily increased or
decreased according to demand. IT Security
team employed and protocols developed. 100 15% 15
Sustainability
Business running the service practices
improvement methods like Six Sigma.
Investments made into long term cost
reduction methods. Strong customer service
and focus. 100 10% 10
Ease of Use
Products/Servers are easy to use and learn.
Content developed to: reduce switching
cost, provide proper use instructions, and
reduce customer service traffic. 100 5% 5
Total 100

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The smart model has been segregated into (5) characteristics and has been weighted
based on overall importance and value, based on our literature review. This is the format we will
use to grade our case studies.
5.0 Case Studies
5.1 Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration Project Case
A smart grid is one that engages consumers and responsive assets throughout the power
system to help optimize the system and better integrate renewable resources. This is all about
placing smart sensors and meters on production, transmission and distribution systems to get
near real time data about the current status of the power grid. This system is used to also see the
current state, faults and loads throughout the grid. This information will allow end users to be
better able to gauge and manage their individual power use based on need and cost.
The benefit of a smart grid is the savings, for instance you will have the ability to set your
system to not allow your water heater to come on when you are not home. Since, currently your
water heater will come on as soon as your water reaches a certain temperature, whether or not
you are actually home. The question for utility companies is, which smart grid technologies will
provide the greatest return on investments.
This lead to the Pacific Northwest smart grid demonstration. The project launched in
2010 and is one of sixteen regional smart grid demonstrations currently underway. This project
receives about half of its funding through the U.S. Department of Energy through the American
recovery and reinvestment act with consortium members paying the remaining costs. This
project is estimated to cost one hundred and seventy eight million dollars. The Pacific Northwest
Smart Grid Demonstration project aims to test a single potential option for a smart grid, a grid
technique called Transactive control. “Transactive control is an incentive and feedback signal
that helps coordinate smart grid resources” meaning that people now days tend to worry about
their electric bill when they get it, which could lead to over usage or there electric bill to be
hundreds of dollars more than it was the month before. This project will engage the residential
assets and other equipment assets throughout the power system to help optimize the system and
create better integration of renewable resources. This is being tested throughout the Pacific
Northwest with eleven utility providers in five states: Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana,
Wyoming The customer side of the project contains the installation of about sixty thousand
meters of in home smart systems that give consumers the control to voluntarily reduce their
individual energy use and save money. The system works at the power source using Tran’s
active control signals containing information about power availability, pricing and power needs
of the end users. This signal moves tough the system incentivizing the efficient use and
movement of power. The system does this every five minutes, giving consumers a near real-time
energy usage read out. This can be used to send signals to few locations or many locations.

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This project has three main driving components: instrumented, interconnected, and
intelligent. Instrumented are the smart meters placed throughout the power grid to get the
information regarding the current power demand. Interconnected is the two-way communication
systems that carry the messages from the source of electricity to the consumers home and back
again to help participants track price changes and demand in near real-time. Finally, intelligent is
the projects transactive incentive signaling system that uses certain algorithms to continuously
set the cost of delivering electricity based on demand factors and other issues such as: power
outages or faults in grid infrastructure.
One example of this projects benefit was a small town in the Pacific Northwest was able
to avoid a potential power outage during a peak period because consumers scheduled their home
water heaters to turn on during non-peak periods, which reduced the strain on an unreliable
underwater cable.
This project partnered up with IBM to use there x86 servers and IBM information sphere
software to create the two way communication system needed to conduct this project. This type
of technology is desired for the project plans to install nearly eighty-thousand smart grid
enabling devices such as smart meters and about twelve thousand smart grid responsive assets
such as water heater load controllers, solar panels, battery storage units and backup generators.
5.1.1 Research Question Application
This smart grid demonstration is one of many other aspects of a smart city. The smart
grid is the basic infrastructure of the smart city. Providing better power allocation and
distribution amongst citizens is essential to the development of smart systems in a smart city.
The sensors placed throughout the transmission lines and distribution lines will provide the
future smart city with the information need to allocate power correctly and efficiently. Then the
sensors placed in the home of consumers will allow the information to be processed into readable
results of electricity usage associated with a price tag on how much usage has occur in the
household. The in home sensors also allow for major electricity hogs to be turned off when not in
use and or not needed, this is something that is currently hard to do with appliances like water
heaters. The massive lithium ion batteries will store excess power for future reuse and allow the
renewable resources to provide an effective amount of electricity to the smart city. The
renewable resources are currently unreliable at best sources of power, but with this projects idea
of implementing a massive battery to store excess energy these inconsistent power sources can
be used to store energy when they are affective and also be able to store enough energy to be
efficient. This project is just the beginning of the rise of a nationwide smart grid. The transactive
control signal is the basis for future smart grids. The interactive controls it applies to both the
system and the end users is revolutionary and not only does it give the consumer incentives to
save money and use less electricity, but it allows for this to be a win-win for both consumers and

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utility companies, by promoting efficiency with incentives. The future is being laid down by this
project and projects like this.
5.1.2 Case Model Smart Grid Evaluation
Characteristic Description Points Weight
Weighted
Points
Data Efficiency
No communication standard mentioned. We
can hypothesize IBM has such protocols in
place, however some risk is found in this
section with the development of their own
control signal. 80 40% 32
Communication
The two- way transactive control signal allows
for communication between transmission,
distribution, production systems and
consumers home systems. System is still in
development and is not fully digital. 75 30% 22.5
Server
Efficiency/Security
Improves power allocation and grid usage
during high use periods, while incentivizing
efficiency for the end user. 100 15% 15
Sustainability
Will reduce the electricity cost for the
consumers by giving them the ability to control
their power output. This allows the power
companies to be able to redistribute power and
store power more efficiently. 100 10% 10
Ease of Use
The ability for consumers to be able to monitor
their electricity use from their own home via a
smartphone or tablet. But maybe difficult to
use. 70 5% 3.5

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Total
The Pacific Northwest smart grid
demonstration project allowed for potential
power faults to be avoid due to system testing.
The Project does demonstrate aspects of the
smart model, however need to ensure a
communication/calibration standard is well
documented and structured to ensure data is
accurate and communicated correctly. 83
5.2 Smart Classroom Case Study
E-learning and smart classrooms have borne out of the need to make the classroom
experience more interesting and enhance the student’s learning ability as well as improve
academic results. The smart classrooms are the recent education product that will assist students
to improve on their academic work and developed into a technologically conscious individual.
The Real-Time Interactive Virtual Classroom (RTIVC) allows a participant who is
remotely located to receive live class feed and takes part in a live class through the use of audio
and video in real time, and through internet connection. This device can enhance the learning
experience, particularly for long distance learners. In addition to other smart devices such as
projectors, PowerPoint presentation slides, education is going through a phase hugely improved
through technology, and with more innovation in education. Smart classrooms reduce the cost
for schools and student per month (Chaudhary, 2014).
The students now no longer have to be dependent on teachers for studies, the smart class
and e-learning technologies helps students to cover up with their subjects sitting at home. E-

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learning is becoming popular among the students as this makes them independent. For students
the e-class costs less than annual tuition’s fees. The E-learning and smart classroom provide the
students as well as teacher to learn through a new techniques and too in a different and
interesting manner.Benefits of Smart Class:
- Improves teachers effectiveness and productivity in class
- It brings abstract and difficult curriculum concepts inside classrooms.
- Makes learning an enjoyable experience for students.
- Improves academic performance of students.
- Enables instant formative assessment of learning out comes in class.
- It also enables teachers to instantly assess and evaluate the learning achieved by their
students in class.
There are thousands of IT companies that develop new technologies daily, and there are
many vendors that provide set up and software for the e-learning and smart classrooms. Ideally,
the vendors work on projects such as setting up of equipment and the environments in schools
among others. To establish the smart classroom, the following materials will be used; computers,
speakers, and accompanying software and internet connectivity (Chaudhary, 2014).
Smart Boards are the center of the smart class; they were developed by SMART
Technologies as an interactive whiteboard with a touch screen. It was first introduced in 1991 as
a way for presenters to control Windows-based applications easily. More than 3 million SMART
Board® interactive whiteboards have been installed globally in education, business and
government settings. The annual revenue for 2014 was US$589.2 million. The projector and
Smart Board are connected to the computer. Through the projector, an image of the computer
screen is displayed on the Smart Board. The Smart Board then takes it a step further and acts as
an interactive touch screen monitor for the computer. By touching the Smart Board, the user is
able to click on buttons, highlight text and drop and drag items right from the Smart Board.
The Smart Boards are connected to the computer either wirelessly or through cables. The
wireless connection works the same as WiFi or Bluetooth. Connecting through cables can be
done with either a USB or serial ports. Using a wireless connection is preferred for larger rooms

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because it eliminates tripping over twisted cables. The projector is then connected to the
computer.
The resistive technology used in Smart Boards is the same that is used with PDAs. This
allows the Smart Board to be able to process the movement of a finger or pen tool when it
touches the surface. The resistive technology is basically a sheet of thin resistive film over a
sturdy backboard. When the finger or the pen tool glides over the resistive film, it causes the
reflective film to touch the backboard. This is then sent as an analog signal to the computer. In
some models, Digital Vision Touch is used for this function instead of the resistive film, which is
a much better solution because it doesn't have the same limitations as the resistive technology.
GeeterMiddle School and Samsung School solution
Many companies started investing and developing smart class. HP, SMART, Microsoft
and Samsung are some of these companies. We will look at Geeter Middle School and their
experience with Samsung Smart School solution.
Geeter Middle School is located in Memphis, Tennessee, United States, serves
approximately 430 students in grades 6 through 8. It is part of Memphis City Schools, the
country’s 23rd largest school district, with approximately 105,000 students in more than 200
schools. In August 2012, Geeter Middle School was classified as a Priority School by the
Tennessee Department of Education. This placed the school among the lowest performing 5
percent of the schools in the state in terms of academic achievement. To improve academic
performance and create interest in learning among its students, the school experimented with
mobile applications on tablets. However, the technology did not provide an integrated learning
platform or data to substantiate what factors affect student performance. The school looked for a
solution that would enable teachers to interact more closely with students and enable students to
interact with each other.

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The district Instructional Technology (IT) department and school were committed to the
initiative; so Geeter Middle and Samsung worked together to implement Samsung School
solution. As part of the solution, the school received several teaching tools to help increase
grade, test scores, and interaction in a sixth-grade math class. Samsung is provided the school
with a Samsung Smart School Solution package consisting of 35 Galaxy Note 10.1 units, a
65-inch interactive whiteboard (IWB) and a wireless printer.
The Samsung Smart School solution helps boost student retention rates by providing an
interactive learning environment where they actively participate in the lesson. Students become
more engaged in the subject matter with hands-on experience and collaboration in the classroom
and beyond, helping them to retain what they learn.
The Samsung Smart School solution incorporates an eBoard and a network environment
in each classroom. A central server in the school stores course content and user information.
Teachers can either use a tablet or PC, which are mirrored to the e-Board, and can share their
screen with students. Students can participate in the Samsung Smart School class using their
tablets.

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Samsung Smart School provides a dynamic student learning experience for real-time
interactions between the teacher and fellow students. Using Samsung GALAXY Note 10.1
tablets and Interactive Teaching features, designed to enhance teacher-to-student interaction,
students can actively participate in the learning experience. Implementation of this solution can
result in better student engagement. Samsung Smart School Interactive Teaching features
include:
-
Screen Sharing: Teachers with tablets or PCs can display content on students’ tablets
and students can share content and their notes with teachers.
- Screen Monitoring: Teachers can remotely monitor students’ progress and activities.
Also, a student’s device screen can be shared on a large screen by using an e-Board
for student presentations.
- Lock and Auto Launch: To help ensure proper and secure use of student tablets,
teachers can remotely lock students’ applications, screens and input functionality.

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-
Group Activity: The Group Activity feature helps encourage interactivity and group
participation among students. Included in the Group Activity feature are Joint Work
and Group Discussion functions.
- Quiz and Poll: Teachers can create various templates to conduct quizzes or polls.
Quizzes can be prepared by the teacher before class and polls can be administered
during class.
- Whiteboard and S Note: Teachers can display multiple pages on their e-Boards. The
included S Pen enables teachers and students to take private notes on their devices
using the S Note function during class. The productivity functions provided in the S
Note interface transform handwriting and drawn objects into typewritten text and
perfect shapes.
- Communication: Teachers and student can communicate with the Messaging
function. Students can ask questions or send their opinions to the teacher. Teachers
can share public announcements about the school with the Notice Board function.
Announcements are shown on the main screen when students log in on their devices.
- Contents Library: Teachers can upload a variety of class and learning materials.
Students can download the materials they need onto their devices.
Cleon L. Franklin, director of the Office of Instructional Technology at Memphis City Schools,
commented on the teaching experience using the Samsung School solution “I walked into a
classroom where children had severe issues the year before, and now they were genuinely
excited about math. Math anxiety is a common problem for the best of us. Students would freak
out and think, ‘Do not call on me.’ With the system, we had the opposite reaction—they were
eager to do the work. During one math class, I heard a student say, ‘This was the best day of my
life.’ How often does a student feel that way about a learning environment?” (Samsung, 2013).

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5.2.1 Smart Model Evaluation of the Smart Classroom
Characteristic Description
Point
s
Weigh
t
Weighte
d Points
Data Efficiency
No communication standard mentioned. We
can hypothesize Samsung has such protocols
in place, however some risk is found in this
section with the development of their own
control signal. Service does show successful
communication between multiple smart
products. 80 40% 32
Communication
Strong localized communication of data. More
infrastructure is need for the school, or even
district level that will add risk and complexity. 70 30% 21
Server
Efficiency/Securit
y
Samsung Smart School have a central server
in the school stores course content and user
information. Teachers can either use a tablet
or PC, which are mirrored to the e-Board, and
can share their screen with students. Data
servers where adequate for a small size
sample, however investment into data
infrastructure and IT security are needed. 70 15% 10.5
Sustainability
Smart classrooms reduce the cost for schools
and student per month but depends more on
electronics (upfront investments into the
service). 80 10% 8
Ease of Use
Products/Servers are easy to use and learn.
Old teachers may face some difficulty
adopting to the new technology 70 5% 3.5
Total
Samsung Smart School improved the learning
experience and made it easier for teachers and
students to function. However risk and
complexity can be found in scaling, security,
and lack of clear communication standard. 75