1. It is a fact climate change is threatening us.
We have to work together to face it.
Strengthen Jakarta- if that is possible-
It will support us, help us reach our dreams.
Climate Change and Cities
Case Study
Jakarta
Horacio Alvear Lakan Cole Wen-Kai Kuo
1

2. Background
Jakarta
- 13th world largest city (2011)
(a jump from its 2007 ranking of 171) Jakarta
has grown more rapidly than Kuala
Lumpur, Beijing and Bangkok.
- 10.1 million population (2011)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_proper_by_population Jakarta 2

3. Natural Hazards
Jakarta’s existing characteristics makes the city vulnerable to natural hazards.
“Currently the greatest disaster vulnerability for Jakarta is flooding.”
http://goo.gl/3mtcs http://goo.gl/fPCYo http://goo.gl/10xXi
http://ontario-geofish.blogspot.com/2011_02_01_archive.html Jakarta 3

4. Loss by Flooding
“Currently extreme flooding is thought to occur approximately every 5 years.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Jakarta_flood
Jakarta: Urban Challenges in a Changing Climates, p12-13 Jakarta 4

5. Topography
“Jakarta experiences heavy monsoon rains for half the year.”
• Perimeter , beaches, swamps areas
• Thirteen rivers from south to north
• Hundreds of man-made canals
• 40% of Jakarda under sea level
Jakarta: Urban Challenges in a Changing Climates, p11-12 Jakarta 5

6. Rainfall
Monthly Rainfall 1900-2009
http://sdwebx.worldbank.org/climateportal/index.cfm?page=country_historical_climate&ThisRegion=Asia&ThisCCode=IDN Jakarta 6

7. Growing Population
http://goo.gl/EehB7
Jakarta: Urban Challenges in a Changing Climates, p6, 22 Jakarta 7

8. Land Use
1980-2002, 1/4 non-urban uses to urban uses.
1970 1980
1990 2000
Jakarta: Urban Challenges in a Changing Climates, p8-9 Jakarta 8

9. Urban Heat Island Effect
“This has resulted in increased consumption of energy for air-conditioning to cool
buildings, which in turn contributes to higher ambient temperature in the city.”
Jakarta: Urban Challenges in a Changing Climates, p18
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uIBb8RTWQNs/TaZe1lllbVI/AAAAAAAAASI/N8d5PpB2ZkI/s1600/heat-island.jpg Jakarta 9

10. Land Subsidence & Sea Level Rise
Jakarta: Urban Challenges in a Changing Climates, p15,17 Jakarta 10

11. Canals Clogged with Garbage
Rapid growth puts extreme stress on existing infrastructure.
Jakarta: Urban Challenges in a Changing Climates, p14,18
http://farm1.staticflickr.com/1/131294983_570615abbd.jpg Jakarta 11

12. Deforestation
“Due to the high rate of deforestation and land use change across the archipelago, Indonesia
comes in as the country with third-highest emission of greenhouse gases globally.”
Mangroves help to slow the current and prevent floods
http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/10/12/govt-blames-rain-not-deforestation.html
Jakarta: Urban Challenges in a Changing Climates, p31 Jakarta 12

13. Flooding Events 2007 & 2009
Jakarta 13

14. Flooding Events 2013
Jakarta 14

15. Urban Poor
“The urban poor are highly adaptive, but remain vulnerable.”
http://goo.gl/W8HaU http://goo.gl/4Gaq2
Jakarta: Urban Challenges in a Changing Climates, p20 Jakarta 15

16. Adaptation
“This is powerful, locally organized example of how residents in communities are connecting through their
own means to more sophisticated and established water management technology at the region level.”
Kampung Melayu
• One of largest and oldest villages in Jakarta
• A mix of formal and informal settlements
• Close relationship in the community
• Teneous housing construction
Flood early warning system
• Mobile phone SMS messages
• Broadcasting system
• Leave bottom level empty when flooding.
http://goo.gl/FWiKA http://goo.gl/7JPL5
Jakarta: Urban Challenges in a Changing Climates, p26 Jakarta 16

17. Adaptation
Jakarta: Urban Challenges in a Changing Climates, p33 http://goo.gl/NBnKV
http://jakarta.tribunnews.com/2011/10/14/jakarta-giant-sea-wall-makan-waktu-puluhan-tahun Jakarta 17

18. Mitigation
Jakarta: Urban Challenges in a Changing Climates, p31
http://goo.gl/4E2lE http://goo.gl/ljj6o Jakarta 18

19. Conclusion
Steps Towards Resilience
The key for Jakarta going forward is to link its climate change adaption actions to the existing and new spatial plans.
Integrated Climate Quantitative Action at Strong
Action Plan Measurement Local Level Social Networks
http://goo.gl/Hl2sJ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMv-cPpKjho
http://www1.american.edu/ted/ICE/jakarta.html http://www.welovejakarta.com/ Jakarta 19