مقاومة القص

1. C E331

6. failure

7. Shear stress > shear strength

8. •
(C)
,

9. •
Ø

10. C Ø

11. Ƭ
C
σ
Ø

12. C Zero , Ø Ø` Ƭ` σ` tan ø`
C Cu , Ø Zero Ƭ C u
Ƭ C σ tan ø

14. Direct sheartest
•
•
,

17. ,
Ø

18. ,
C 0
Ƭ C σ tan ø

21. AASHTO T236-90
ASTM D3080-90
BS 1377: Part 4.

24. .

27. (
0.001
)

31. 0.01
(
2.54
‫إلى‬
0.51
‫ملم‬
/
‫دقيقة‬
)

35. Given
2
L (in)
2
B (in)
4
A (in2)
1.31
H (in)
5.24
V (in3)
2.66
S.G
540.3
Mass of porcelain dish
397.2
Mass of porcelain dish + dry
sand
103.99
Dry unit weight of specime
(Ib.ft3)
62.4
unit weght of water
0.5961
Void ratio, e

36. Normal load =28 Ib
shear
stress
(Ib/in2)
shear force
calibration
factor
proving ring
Proving ring
reading
Horizontal
displacemen
t
Horizontal
gauge read
Vertical
displacemen
t
Vertical
gauge read
Normal
stress
(Ib/in2)
0
0
0.31
0
0
0
0
0
7
1.74
6.975
0.31
22.5
0.01
10
0.0005
0.5
7
2.95
11.78
0.31
38
0.02
20
0.0015
1.5
7
3.68
14.725
0.31
47.5
0.03
30
0.0035
3.5
7
4.34
17.36
0.31
56
0.04
40
0.0055
5.5
7
4.81
19.22
0.31
62
0.05
50
0.0075
7.5
7
5
19.995
0.31
64.5
0.06
60
0.0085
8.5
7
4.84
19.375
0.31
62.5
0.07
70
0.0095
9.5
7
4.61
18.445
0.31
59.5
0.08
80
0.0095
9.5
7
4.42
17.67
0.31
57
0.09
90
0.0085
8.5
7
4.22
16.895
0.31
54.5
0.1
100
0.0075
7.5
7
4.19
16.74
0.31
54
0.11
110
0.0075
7.5
7
4.07
16.275
0.31
52.5
0.12
120
0.0075
7.5
7

37. Normal load =56 Ib
shaer
stress
(Ib/in2)
shear
force
calibra
tion
factor
provin
g ring
Proving
ring
reading
Horizontal
displaceme
nt
Horizontal
gauge read
Vertical
displacemen
t
Vertical gauge
read
Normal stress (Ib/in2)
0
0
0.31
0
0
0
0
0
14
3.49
13.95
0.31
45
0.01
10
0.001
1
14
5.89
23.56
0.31
76
0.02
20
0.002
2
14
7.36
29.45
0.31
95
0.03
30
0.004
4
14
8.68
34.72
0.31
112
0.04
40
0.006
6
14
9.61
38.44
0.31
124
0.05
50
0.008
8
14
10
39.99
0.31
129
0.06
60
0.009
9
14
9.69
38.75
0.31
125
0.07
70
0.01
10
14
9.22
36.89
0.31
119
0.08
80
0.01
10
14
8.84
35.34
0.31
114
0.09
90
0.009
9
14
8.45
33.79
0.31
109
0.1
100
0.008
8
14
8.37
33.48
0.31
108
0.11
110
0.008
8
14
8.14
32.55
0.31
105
0.12
120
0.008
8
14

38. Normal load =112 Ib
shear
stress
(Ib/in2)
shear force
calibration
factor
proving ring
Proving ring
reading
Horizontal
displacemen
t
Horizontal
gauge read
Vertical
displacemen
t
Vertical
gauge read
Normal
stress
(Ib/in2)
0
0
0.31
0
0
0
0
0
28
6.975
27.9
0.31
90
0.01
10
0.0015
1.5
28
11.78
47.12
0.31
152
0.02
20
0.0025
2.5
28
14.73
58.9
0.31
190
0.03
30
0.0045
4.5
28
17.36
69.44
0.31
224
0.04
40
0.0065
6.5
28
19.22
76.88
0.31
248
0.05
50
0.0085
8.5
28
20
79.98
0.31
258
0.06
60
0.0095
9.5
28
19.38
77.5
0.31
250
0.07
70
0.0105
10.5
28
18.45
73.78
0.31
238
0.08
80
0.0105
10.5
28
17.67
70.68
0.31
228
0.09
90
0.0095
9.5
28
16.9
67.58
0.31
218
0.1
100
0.0085
8.5
28
16.74
66.96
0.31
216
0.11
110
0.0085
8.5
28
16.28
65.1
0.31
210
0.12
120
0.0085
8.5
28

39. Normal load =224 Ib
shear
stress
(Ib/in2)
shear force
calibration
factor
proving ring
Proving ring
reading
Horizontal
displacemen
t
Horizontal
gauge read
Vertical
displacemen
t
Vertical
gauge read
Normal
stress
(Ib/in2)
0
0
0.31
0
0
0
0
0
56
14
55.8
0.31
180
0.01
10
0.002
2
56
23.6
94.24
0.31
304
0.02
20
0.003
3
56
29.5
117.8
0.31
380
0.03
30
0.005
5
56
34.7
138.88
0.31
448
0.04
40
0.007
7
56
38.4
153.76
0.31
496
0.05
50
0.009
9
56
40
159.96
0.31
516
0.06
60
0.01
10
56
38.8
155
0.31
500
0.07
70
0.011
11
56
36.9
147.56
0.31
476
0.08
80
0.011
11
56
35.3
141.36
0.31
456
0.09
90
0.01
10
56
33.8
135.16
0.31
436
0.1
100
0.009
9
56
33.5
133.92
0.31
432
0.11
110
0.009
9
56
32.6
130.2
0.31
420
0.12
120
0.009
9
56

41. Tan ø = 0.714
Ø = 35.53 degree
Cohesion = 0
Pure sand

42. ø
Angular-granid sand
ø
Round-granid sand
30
-
36
loose
28
-
32
loose
34
-
40
medium
30
-
35
medium
40
-
45
dense
34
-
38
dense
,
: