The document discusses trends toward an all-electric, smart, DC-based energy future, including energy positive buildings, clean LED lighting, electric transportation, local energy production, smart DC electricity grids, and using electric vehicles as power plants. It notes that the sun provides vast amounts of energy and renewable sources are widespread but diffuse, and increasing energy efficiency alone will not solve energy problems. Instead, better energy storage and using buildings, lighting, transport and vehicles in smart, integrated systems can improve sustainability.

1. Trends in Energy;
All electric, smart, DC
Prof. Dr. Ad van Wijk
14-06-2012
19-11-2012
Delft
University of
Technology
Challenge the future

2. There is no energy crisis
• Energy efficiency world wide is about 2%
• The sun gives us in one hour more energy
than the world consumes in a year
• Renewable energy is everywhere but dispersed
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3. Our Car
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4. Our doorbell
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5. Internet router
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6. Looking up not down
The Sun gives us 5.450.000 EJ per year
Earth’s albedo 34%
reflects back
Warms land 42%
Earth
receives and water
1
th
2 billion
of the
sun’s
energy Water Cycle 23%
output
Wind/Ocean 1%
Currents
Photosynthesis0.023%
World wide energy use in 2010 was about 535 EJ
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7. Traditional energy chain:
from source to service
Energy
Extraction Transport Distribution
services
End-use
Treatment Conversion
conversion
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8. Where do we use energy for?
World wide energy consumption % of total
Climate (heating, cooling,..) 25 - 30
Transport 25 - 30
Electricity 15 - 20
Other 25 - 30
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9. Trends in Energy;
All electric, smart, DC
• Energy producing buildings
• Clean Light
• Electric Transport
• Local energy production
• Smart DC electricity grid
• The Car as Power Plant
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10. Energy producing buildings
• Energy use for heating and cooling our buildings is roughly
25% of all energy.
• But why do we use energy in our buildings?
• In winter time it is too cold and we have to heat our
buildings
• In summer time it is too hot and we have to cool our
buildings
• It is not an energy problem it is a storage problem
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11. The Closed Greenhouse
Total control of temperature, humidity and CO2 levels in a
greenhouse
Advantages:
• Produce, not consume, energy
• re-use of irrigation water 90%
• reduced use of pesticides 90%
• increased crop production 25%
• improved process control
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12. Heat/cold storage systems
open and closed systems
Open WKO system Closed WKO system
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13. Heat/cold storage systems
the Netherlands (WKO)
Expectation 20.000 open WKO systems in 2020
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14. Clean light
• Clean light is
• Daylight
• Daylight sensors and control
• Movement sensors and control
• Energy efficient lights
• LED is efficient and will change the lighting systems;
• Very small light source
• Less heat production
• Can be integrated in walls, floors, ceilings, but also in
products
• And interactive
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15. LED street light
Philips. Solar Flower LED street lights
Schiphol
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16. LED light in house
WI FI conected LED lights
to be controlled by IPhone
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17. LED revolution
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18. Smart window
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5rlTrdF5Cs
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19. Het slimme raam
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20. LED’s Dance
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21. Electric transport
• Electric transport
• Fork lifts, segways, golf cart,
• bikes, scooters,
• boats, ferries,
• cars and busses
• Infra structure
• Charging stations, slow and fast
• Battery changing stations
• Inductive loading
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22. Electric bikes and scooters
Sales in the Netherlands
(Electric) bicyle sales NL 2006-2014 (Electric) scooter sales NL 2006-2014
1,600,000 90,000
1,400,000 80,000
1,200,000 70,000
60,000
1,000,000 E-bike E-scooter
Regular bikes 50,000 Regular scooter
800,000
40,000
600,000
30,000
400,000 20,000
200,000 10,000
0 0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
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23. Local Energy Production
Electricity
• Biogas electricity and heat production (manure, organic
waste, sewage sludge, energy crops
• Small and medium sized wind turbines
• Solar Electricity
• Small hydro power
• Fuel cell in cars for electricity production
• Electricity storage in batteries in cars
• Heat
• Solar hot water systems
• Heat and cold sources with heat pump technology
• Heat and cold storage with heat pump technology
• Geothermal heat
• Fuel
• Biogas, feeding into the gas grid
• Wood pellet production
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24. Solar energy cost
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25. Thermo Bello Culemborg
• http://www.new-energy.tv/warmte_koude/culemborg.html
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26. The AC / DC Battle
Nikola Tesla Thomas Edison
10 July 1856, New York 11 february 1847, West Orange
AC DC
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27. AC versus DC
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g17f9J1-r-
k&feature=pyv&ad=6527221297&kw=smart%20grid
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28. AC-DC losses
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29. INTEL; Data Centra op 400 V DC
• 7% energie besparing, inclusief koeling
• 7.7% bij 50% belasting, 6.9% bij 80% belasting
• 33% Ruimtebesparing
• Geen PDUs, simpele switchgear
• 200% betrouwbaarheidsverbetering
• 15% besparing op investering in elektrische installaties
• Elektrische installatie is ongeveer 40% van de totale kosten
• Ander voordelen
• Geen blindstroom, geen harmonische, simpele bedrading
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30. DC LED light in greenhouse
LED light between plants LED electronics not necessary
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31. Project; Omala, Lelystad
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32. Fuel Cell car
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33. Fuel cell development;
cost and durability
Source: US Department of Energy
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34. Fuel cell cars
Hyundai fuel cell car
Honda fuel cell car with
solar hydrogen fueling station
Mercedes fuel cell car
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35. Dutch system
Electricity and car transport characteristics
Present 26.000 MW Installed capacity (2010)
Electricity system ½ installed capacity is cogeneration
109 TWh Electricity production 2011
435 grCO2/kWh average emission 2011
47.2 Mton CO2 in 2011
Present 8 million cars (end 2010)
Car transport system 7% of time in operation
50 kW average engine rated power total fleet
100 billion car kilometers per year
186 gr/km CO2 (2010)
18.8 Mton/year CO2 (2010)
0.5 million new cars per year (560.000 in 2011)
80 kW average engine rated power
40.000 MW new capacity per year
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36. Car park power plant
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37. Car Park Power Plant
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