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CLASA A V-a
Ce este solul?
 Solul este stratul subțire ,afânat de
la suprafața scoarței terestre in care
plantele iși fixează rădăcinile și se
hrănesc iar unele animale isi găsesc
adăpost
 Totalitate solurilor de pe glob
formeaza -PEDOSFERA
 Pedogeneza – reprezintă procesul de
formare al solurilor
Factorii pedogenetici
a)Roca - solurile se formează pe roci fărămitate prin dezagregare
- determina grosimea, culoarea, și substanțele minerale din sol.
- se numeste roca mama
b)Clima -prin temperatura contribuie la dezagregarea rocilor.
-influențeaza activitatea microorganismelor care descompun
plantele, imbogățind solul
c)Precipitațiile
Apa -ajuta la dezagregarea rocilor pe care se formeaza solul dizolvand
substanțele minerale și formand soluția cu care se hrănesc plantele
d)Vegetația
-Imbogăteste solul cu materie organică ( humus)
-Formează – FERTILITATEA
e)Timpul-solurile se formează in perioade mari de timp de sute și chiar
mii de ani
Componentele solului
Solul este format din :
A)Materia solidă care este de 2 feluri:
-minerală(provenita din roca mama)
-organică (formată din rădăcinile plantelor, mici organisme ,
vietăți moarte ,aflate in descompunere )
Prin descompunere se formeaza humusul care dă fertilitatea
solului
B)Materia lichidă este reprezentata de apa din sol
C)Materia gazoasă –aerul din sol care conține oxigen, dioxid
de carbon
De la suprafață pană la roca mama solul este diferențiat
după
• cantitatea de humus
• culoare
• aspect si cantitatea de materie organică
Aceste strate de sol se numesc orizonturi și se notează
cu literele mari ale alfabetului: A, B, C, W, R
Succesiunea de orizonturi de la suprafata pană la roca
mama alcătuiesc profilul de sol
 Tipuri de sol
1)Zona caldă-LATERITE
2)Zona temperată –CERNISOLURI
3)Zona rece -SPODOSOLURI 1
solul_ppt_clasa_a_5_a.pptx

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solul_ppt_clasa_a_5_a.pptx

  • 1.
  • 3. Ce este solul?  Solul este stratul subțire ,afânat de la suprafața scoarței terestre in care plantele iși fixează rădăcinile și se hrănesc iar unele animale isi găsesc adăpost  Totalitate solurilor de pe glob formeaza -PEDOSFERA  Pedogeneza – reprezintă procesul de formare al solurilor
  • 4. Factorii pedogenetici a)Roca - solurile se formează pe roci fărămitate prin dezagregare - determina grosimea, culoarea, și substanțele minerale din sol. - se numeste roca mama b)Clima -prin temperatura contribuie la dezagregarea rocilor. -influențeaza activitatea microorganismelor care descompun plantele, imbogățind solul c)Precipitațiile Apa -ajuta la dezagregarea rocilor pe care se formeaza solul dizolvand substanțele minerale și formand soluția cu care se hrănesc plantele d)Vegetația -Imbogăteste solul cu materie organică ( humus) -Formează – FERTILITATEA e)Timpul-solurile se formează in perioade mari de timp de sute și chiar mii de ani
  • 5. Componentele solului Solul este format din : A)Materia solidă care este de 2 feluri: -minerală(provenita din roca mama) -organică (formată din rădăcinile plantelor, mici organisme , vietăți moarte ,aflate in descompunere ) Prin descompunere se formeaza humusul care dă fertilitatea solului B)Materia lichidă este reprezentata de apa din sol C)Materia gazoasă –aerul din sol care conține oxigen, dioxid de carbon
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8. De la suprafață pană la roca mama solul este diferențiat după • cantitatea de humus • culoare • aspect si cantitatea de materie organică Aceste strate de sol se numesc orizonturi și se notează cu literele mari ale alfabetului: A, B, C, W, R Succesiunea de orizonturi de la suprafata pană la roca mama alcătuiesc profilul de sol
  • 9.
  • 10.  Tipuri de sol 1)Zona caldă-LATERITE 2)Zona temperată –CERNISOLURI 3)Zona rece -SPODOSOLURI 1