malaria

1. Malaria
Md Limon Mia
MBBS,4TH year
Abdul Malek Ukil Medical College
Noakhali,Chittagong,Bangladesh
gmail:mdlimonmia1952@gmail.com

2. Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran

3. Carlos Finlay

4. RONALD ROSS

6. Impact
• 300 million acute
illness
• 100 million deaths
• A child in Africa dies
every 30 seconds

7. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD
• Agent:
p.vivax
p. Falciparum
p.Ovale
p.malariae
More than 90% of malaria caused by mainly
falcifarum and vivax

10. Agent

11. Vector
female anophilis mosquitto

12. Host factor
• Age -all ages
• Sex –male>female
• Pregnancy-increased risk
• Housing –all ventilated and ill lighted house
• Occupation agriculture practisoner
• Human habit-sleeping out of house without
mosquittonet

13. Environmental factor
• Seasion-from july to nobember
• Temperature-20-30
• Humidity-60%
• rainfall-necessary for breeding
• Altitude-abobe 2000 metre not found
• Man made malaria –burowpits,Gurdan pool

14. LIFE CYCLE

16. Symptoms of infection
• Characteristic fever 2-3
day cycle
cold stage
hot stage
sweating stage
• Anemia
• Renal failure
• Seizures
• coma

17. Symptoms

18. Malarial Paroxysm
cold stage
•feeling of intense cold
•vigorous shivering
•lasts 15-60 minutes
hot stage
•intense heat
•dry burning skin
•throbbing headache
•lasts 2-6 hours
sweating stage
•profuse sweating
•declining temperature
•exhausted and weak → sleep
•lasts 2-4 hours

19. Severe malaria
– Cerebral malaria
– Generalised convulsions
– Severe normocytic anaemia
– Hypoglycaemia
– Metabolic acidosis with respiratory distress
– Fluid and electrolyte disturbances
– Acute renal failure
– Acute pulmonary oedema and adult respiratory distress
syndrome
– Abnormal bleeding
– Jaundice
– Haemoglobinuria
– Circulatory collapse, shock, septicaema
– Hyperparasitaemia

20. Cerevral malaria
Extensor posturing

21. Complications of malaria :
Pulmonary oedema

22. Complications of malaria :
anaemia

23. DIAGNOSIS
• Symptoms
• Microscopy
• PCR
• ELISA

24. Lab diagnosis
CCMOVBD CCMOVBD
Trophozoites
Schizont
CCMOVBD CCMOVBD
Gametocyte

27. p. falcifarum

28. Treatment of severe falciparum malaria
Any of the following antimalarial medicines are
recommended
– Artesunate i.v. or i.m
– artemether i.m.
– quinine (i.v. infusion or i.m. injection).
Full course of ACT or quinine + clindamycin or
doxycycline when patient can tolerate oral
treatment

29. Treatment
• Chloroquine most
common and effective
drug used to treat
malaria
• Causes nausea, blurred
vision, and in some
cases neurological
dysfunction and
seizures

30. p.vivax

31. Main malaria control measure
1. Early diagnosis and treatment of cases
2. Vector control :
• adult mosquitoes :insecticides
• mosquito larvae: draining breeding
sites
3. Reducing vector-human contact: bed nets ,
repellents
4. Early detection and control of epidemics