This document discusses substance abuse, including definitions and common substances abused such as tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, opioids, and sedatives. It provides statistics on tobacco and alcohol use in India. Prevention and control of substance abuse involves primary prevention through legislation and education, secondary prevention including counseling and drug deaddiction centers, and tertiary prevention of advanced treatment and rehabilitation.
2. Definition
“Any substance that when taken into living organism,
may modify one or more of its functions.”
Drug abuse : self administration of drug for
nonmedical reasons in quantities & frequencies which
may impair an individual’s ability to function
effectively and which may result in social , physical &
emotional harm.
3.
4. Influence on a peer
group, observers or
individual exerts
that encourages
others to change
their attitudes,
values, or
behaviours to
conform to groups
5. In many occasions
individuals get
overwhelmed by
their daily activities
of which ultimately
leads to them a
resorting to an
overdose of
harmful
substances to get
rid of the stress
6. Growing up in a home where
Alcohol and Drug abuse considered
as Normal Behavior
7. In most cases individuals
are faced with the pain of
dealing with losing a loved
one. Drugs and alcohol are
usually the easy way out
from the sad reality for the
those dealing with the pain.
8. During adolescent most
teenagers rebel against their
parents which results to
them abusing substances to
prove a point or to show
their parents that they know
better and spite them in the
process.
9.
10. As a way getting away from
the stress caused by
relationship problems
individuals tend to abuse
substances to forget about
the stress
11. Being unemployed
leads to individuals
resorting to
substance abuse as
a way of getting
from reality.
13. 1. Tobacco
6% of total deaths are contributed by tobacco
smoking.
30% of all cancer deaths are caused by tobacco.
3 major factors : -peer pressure
-following the exp of siblings
& parents
- employment outside home
Adverse effects : health problems
social & family problems
14. Health problems
Adverse effects on: lungs, heart, blood vessels, skin,
cancer, bones, reproduction, unborn child, brain
Passive smoking / second hand tobacco smoke :
smoke from burning end of cigarette + smoke exhaled
by smoker
16. China ranks 3rd from all cigarettes producing countries
in the world.
60% Chinese males smoke representing one third of
all smokers globally.
One out of every three cigarettes smoked in China.
Global Adult tobacco Survey , India shows
prevalence of tobacco smoke among male is 48%
& among female it is 20%
17. 2. Alcohol:
Act as sedative, tranquilizer, hypnotic or anesthetic
depending upon the quality consumed.
Marked effect on central nervous system and cause
continuous depression
Also produce physical & psychic dependence
Acute & chronic intoxication, gastritis, pancreatitis,
cardiomyopathy, peripheral neuropathy , cancer of
mouth, larynx, pharynx & esophagus.
Also responsible for automobile accidents, suicides &
domestic violence.
18. Epidemiology of Alcohol use
Accorrding to MINISTRY OF SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA 2019 Report
19.
20.
21. 3. Cannabis
Derived from hemp plants
Active ingredients are hashish or charas
Dried leaves are known as bhang
Development of dreamy state of altered consciousness
Relaxation , euphoria, increase tendency to laugh,
greater awareness of colors & sounds
24. OPIOID USE IN INDIA
three different sub-categories
of substances in
the overall category of opioids:
(1) Opium (including
doda/phukki/poppy husk);
(2) Heroin (including brown
sugar/smack) and
(3) Pharmaceutical opioids
(which itself includes a variety
of medications of the opioid
group).
25. Heroin
Most commonly used opioid in india
Morphine, codeine, methadone, pethedin are narcotic
analgesics.
Worst type of abuse because it produces craving.
26. Sedatives and Hypnotics
This survey
has studied the use
of these substances
in
non-prescription,
non-medical
context.
27. Prevention & Control
1. Primary prevention
- Legislative approach : COTPA ACT ( Cigarettes
& other Tobacco products Act,2003)
No person shall advertise, take part in advertise, of
any tobacco product.
No person shall sale cigarette or tobacco product to
children <18 yrs or in area within radius of hundred
yards of any educational institute.
28. Every packet of cigarette or any tobacco product
should have label or pictorial depiction of skull &
cross bones & prescribed warning of nicotine
contents.
Warning signs & labels should be prominent or as
prescribed by rules & in English or any other Indian
language.
Central govt. shall notify the testing laboratory for
estimation of nicotine & tar contents
29. Punishment for smoking in public place is a fine of
200rs/-.
Punishment for sale of tobacco products to <18 yrs
children is Rs 200/-.
Any person who manufacture cigarette & other
tobacco products if contravene this act is punishable
with imprisonment up to 2 yrs / with fine up to
5000rs/-or with both.
30. - Awareness generation : community based
programmes for awareness generation , preventive
education , counseling, deaddiction, rehabilitation
- Personality development
31. 2. Secondary prevention :
- Educational counseling to abusers
- Family & parents act as a role model
- Drug deaddiction Centers : started to reduce
prevalence of drug abuse
- 118 drug deaddiction centers are there in India
- Drug Deaddiction Programme started in 1987-88 at
AIIMS, JIPMER Pondicherry, PGI Chandigadh &
later started in all states.
32. 3. Tertiary prevention :
- Advance treatment & Rehabilitation
- community based rehabilitation
