The document discusses particle theory and how it explains the properties of solids, liquids, and gases. It states that in solids, particles are close together and vibrate in place; in liquids, particles are close but can move past each other; and in gases, particles are far apart and can move freely. The document also discusses dilution, diffusion, and pressure in terms of particle movement and interaction. It explains that dilution reduces concentration by adding more solvent, while diffusion is how particles spread out and mix in solids, liquids, and gases over time through their movement. Pressure is defined as the force from particles hitting a surface.

1. Particle Theory
Done by: Mahima 7-B1

2. What is Particle Theory?
• There is a theory that can explain the different properties of
solids, liquids and gases. This is called the particle theory.

3. Particle Theory in Solids
• Solids have particles that are very close together. The particles can
vibrate, but are fixed in their places, so that they can’t move past each other.
That’s why solids keeps their shape.

4. Particle Theory in Liquids
• The particles in a liquid are close to one another but can move past each
other. That’s why liquids flow.

5. Particle Theory in Gases
• In gases, the particles are far apart and can move anywhere by themselves.
That’s why gases spread all over the place and fill any container they are in.

6. A solute is the solid that is
dissolved in a liquid
What is an dilution?
A Solvent is a liquid or
substance that is used to
dissolve another
• Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a
solute in a solution, by using or mixing with solvent.

7. Example of Dilution occur:
• You can make an orange juice using oranges and water. The colour and
flavour spread out. If you add more water to the orange juice, you dilute the
drink. Excess of water results to be not seeing the orange colour any more.
• Dilution is also the process of making something LESS CONCENTRATED.

8. What is Diffusion?
What is Diffusion?
• If someone is cooking in the kitchen it doesn't take long for the smell to
travel around the house to other rooms. This is because of diffusion.

9. Diffusion in solids, liquids and gases.
• Gases- When chemicals, like the smell of perfume or burning toast, are let
loose in a room, the particles mix with the air particles. The particles of
smelly gas are free to move quickly in all directions. They eventually spread
through the whole room. This is called diffusion.

10. Diffusion in solids, liquids and gases.
• Liquids- Diffusion can also happen in liquids. This is because the particles in
liquids can move around each other, which means that eventually they are
evenly mixed.
• For example if you drop a little bit of paint into a jar of water the colour will
spread slowly through the water. This is by diffusion.
• Diffusion in liquids is slower than diffusion in gases because the particles in a
liquid move more slowly.

11. Diffusion in solids, liquids and gases.
• Solids- Diffusion does not happen at all in solids because the particles in a
solid can only vibrate on the spot, rather than being able to move from place
to place.

12. Pressure
What is pressure?
Pressure is the force caused by particles hitting a certain area.

13. Different types of pressure
• They are different types of pressure. The most common one is air pressure.
• The air particles around us put pressure on us. This is called air pressure. We
can’t feel pressure because we are so used to it. But, we can see it’s effects.
If air pressure was unavailable, we couldn’t suck things through a straw.

14. More information about pressure.
• When a gas builds up in a “closed-in” space, it creates a sort of “pushing”
sensation known as pressure. Pressure is caused by particles. The particles
hitting the sides of a container cause more pressure even pushing or
squashing the container causes more pressure because there is less space
for the particles to move. If there is an explosion of a can or container.
BLAME PRESSURE!

15. What would happen if there was NO PARTICLE
THEORY?
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We would not be able to suck things from a straw.
Blow a balloon.
Smell perfume or any other thing.
No color in any liquid.
Cannot make anything concentrated.
Cannot make anything less concentrated.
Would not know the states of matter and it’s properties.