Die Geschichte der Computer (Faszination Technologie)
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Die Entwicklung der Computerhardware und UIs bis 2014 mit Fokus auf Verdeutlichung von Technologie-Evolution und Größenordnungen.
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Die Geschichte der Computer (Faszination Technologie)
- 1. Information Technology History & Future Teil 1 From there to here Foto:jurvetson/Flickr
- 2. Wie teuer wäre ein iPhone 1990 gewesen?
- 3. iPhone 5S 16 GB - 699 € 2014 1990 ● 16 GB Solid State Speicher ● 1 GB RAM ● 18000 MIPS (1.3 GhZ Dual Core 64 bit CPU) ● 123.8 mm x 58.6 mm x 7.6 mm = 55135,57 mm³ ~ 55,1 cm 3 Macintosh IIfx – 12.700 € ● 80 MB Festplatte ● 4 MB RAM ● 10 MIPS (40 MhZ 32 bit CPU) ● 14 cm x 47,5 cm x 36.6 cm = 24339 cm3
- 4. RAM Kosten 1990: 98 € per MB 4 MB x 1800 – 250 MB = 6950 MB RAM Das sind 681 100 € „zu viel“ x 1800 MIPS: 18000 / 10 = 1800 Speicher: 16000 / 80 = 200 ( x 10 = 2000) RAM: 1000 / 4 = 250 Vergleich Kostenberechnung 12700 € x 1800 – 681100 € = 22 178 900 € Volumen 24339 cm3 x 1800 = 43810200 cm³ ~ 44 m³
- 5. ISO Container 40 Fuß 67,6 m3 Foto:AbodeofChaos/Flickr
- 9. Foto: smjbk / Flickr
- 11. S Curve (Technology Substitution)
- 14. User Interfaces 1 MITS Altair 8800 1975 1981 IBM PC Macintosh 1984
- 15. User Interfaces 2 Windows 95 1995 2008 Android 2012 Google Glass
- 18. Analytical Engine C. Babbage, 1837 Mechanical, > $25 million 24.4 kB „RAM“, 3.77 x 10-7 MIPS
- 19. ENIAC 1946 Vacuum Tubes, $6 million 9.54 x 10-5 MB RAM, 0.003 MIPS Programming: Switches & cables I/O: cards
- 20. IBM 7090 1959 Transistors, $ 22,9 million 0.141 MB RAM, 0.326 MIPS I/O: Tape, cards, printers http://starringthecomputer.com/feature.html?f=38
- 21. Data General Nova 1969 Integrated Circuits, $ 49000 0.008 MB RAM, 0.1175 MIPS I/O: Punched paper tape Disk drives Control Switches & Lamps
- 22. MITS Altair 8800 1975 Intel 8080 CPU, $ 2175 0.00024 MB RAM, 0.01 MIPS Programming: Switches & cables I/O: cards
- 24. Bildquellen: Flickr Wikipedia Openclipart.org Ray Kurzweil / KurzweilAI.net / Singularity.com
Notas do Editor
- http://ns1758.ca/winch/winchest.html → $9 per MB (= 6,6 €) HDD space 16 GB = 16000 MB Geizhals 2014: * 30 € / TB harddrive * 0,30 € / GB Speichersticks (= 300 € / TB) * 0,36 € / GB Speicherkarten → nehme Faktor von 10 an. 6,6 € * 16000 * 10 = 1 056 000 € MIPS: http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/book97/ch3/processor.list.txt → iPhone 5S MIPS: 18200 MIPS NB: Raspberry PI MIPS: 1000 → günstiger je MIPS als iPhone
- Log vertical scale Exponential growth „Transistor count doubling every two years“ Gordon E. Moore, Intel Co Founder 1965 Capabilities strongly linked to Moore's law: * processing speed * memory capacity * sensors
- Ankythera: 100 BC Astro. Ber., Olympische Spiele ENIAC: 1946 H-Bombe Data General Nova: 1969 Erster kommerzieller Computertomograph
- Jacquard loom (Webstuhl) Wahlen (Hollerith, später IBM durch Mergers) United States National Archives Records Service facility in 1959. * 2000 Karten je Karton 20 rows of pallets, each row 15 pallets wide, pallets stacked two high at least Each pallet contains 45 boxes of punched cards Each card: 80 characters, total 4.3 billion characters of data in this storage facility = 4 GB
- 10x Datenmenge Toshiba: 256 GB bis hin zu 1 TB HEUTE machbar, jedoch von Kunden noch nicht angenommen (Angst vor Verlust der Karte)
- Engelbart 1966 – Hypertext GUI, Keyboard, Mouse MITS Altair 1975 – Hobbyist market („popular electronics mag.“), Intel 8080 CPU („the first truly usable microprocessor“). Sold thousands in the first month. Operated (initially) by toggle switches & red LEDs 8086 – 1978 (16 bit data bus) 8088 – 1979 (8 bit data bus) ← Original IBM PC processor, compatibles, clones, MS DOS, IBM BIOS reverse engineered, off-the-shelf components, 90 % market share in 1990 Apple I – 1976 („breaking mainframe paradigm“) 1977 Commodore PET, C64: 1982 Xerox PARC, Steve Jobs 1979 (1985-1997 NeXT)
- Windows 95 Start Menu (vorher „program manager“) Stable (!), 32 bit OS Protected memory, preemptive multitasking (am Mac erst 2002). Task bar (open applications, start, tray) Apple market share 12 % in 1992 peak 1998 iMac („bondi blue“) 2001 iPod 2008 HTC Dream erstes Android Handy Erstes iPhone: 2007
- FORTRAN, COBOL, assembler NASA: Mercury & Gemini Spaceflights, 7094 in Apollo Missions (Apollo 11 moon landing) SABRE Airline Reservation System In Film Dr. Strangelove zu sehen.
- The Nova influenced the design of both the Xerox Alto (1973) and Apple I (1976) computers, and its architecture was the basis for the Computervision CGP (Computervision Graphics Processor) series. Its external design has been reported to be the direct inspiration for the front panel of the MITS Altair (1975) microcomputer. As of 2004 there are still 16-bit Novas and Eclipses running in a variety of applications worldwide, including air traffic control Basic Algol, Fortran IV, Cobol, Switches: Control „step by step“ through code, restart, select boot device, … Nova 1200 hat erste kommerzielle CT Maschine betrieben.