Forests

1. Course Title: Environmental Biology
Course Code: (BOTN 4117)
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2. 2
A place with tress,
where animals and
birds are live.
A place where we
hunt.
A Forest is a
community trees,
shrubs, herbs and
associated plants
and organisms that
cover a considerable
area.
What do you think of when you
hear “Forest”?

3. History of Forest
• Established in 1862
• Irrigated plantations__________1866,4860
hectares.
–Changa Manga forest
–Chichawatni forest
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4. Types of Forest
• Littoral and Swamp forests
• Tropical dry deciduous forests
• Tropical thorn forests
• Sub-tropical broad-leaved evergreen forests
• Sub-tropical pine forests
• Himalayan moist temperate forests
• Himalayan dry temperate forests
• Alpine scrub
• Sub-Alpine 4

5. Forest Area ( % of Land Area)
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• Pakistan covers an area of 87.98 million
ha
–4.57 million ha of forest
• In 2012-13, the land under forest in
Pakistan;
–4.26 million hectares
–4.55 million hectares during 2013-14.
• While in 2014-15 and 2015-16,
–it decrease to some extent and deforestation.

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7. 1. Support to Wildlife
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8. 2. Forest Wood
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9. 3. Medicinal Value
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10. 4. They help us breathe
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11. 5. Help to Reduce the Levels of
Soil Erosion.
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12. 6. Important role in the process
of water cycle.
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13. 7. Control Climate
Change
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14. Deforestation
“It is the removal of a forest or stand of
trees from land which is then converted to
a non-forest use”.
OR
“Deforestation can involve conversion of
forest land to farms, ranches, or urban
use. The most concentrated deforestation
occurs in tropical rainforests”.
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15. 15

16. Causes of Deforestation
1. Agricultural Activities (~80%)
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17. 2. Logging and Fuel Wood
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18. 3. Forest Fires
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19. 4. Urbanization(~5%)
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20. 5. Forest Diseases
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21. 6. Mining
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22. 7. Overgrazing
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