4. In the following exercises, you will be
given examples to determine which
model is used.
5. 1. Shamma heard a loud crash outside her living room window. She ran to the window to
see what happened and noticed there had been a car accident. One of the cars was up in
flames and the people nearby were yelling and not sure what to do.
6. Running back inside, Shamma was able to quickly call the police. She told them the
location of the accident and mentioned the fire. Thinking to herself, “hopefully they will
arrive before anyone is seriously injured.”
7. Choose which model example 1 is
demonstrating.
Aristotle
Shannon and Weaver
Berlo
Shramm
Helical
8. Choose which model example 1 is
demonstrating.
Aristotle
Shannon and Weaver
Berlo
Shramm
Helical
9. 2. Doris is a mother of two and her husband, Albert, is on his way home from
work. She realizes that they are out of milk, which she needs for a cake she is
baking that night. She finds her phone and calls her husband. When he picks up,
she attempts to ask him to stop and buy some milk, but he is unable to hear her
due to the traffic. So she sends her husband a message on WhatsApp.
10. Albert pulls over to read the message. Luckily he was close to the convenience
store. He was looking forward to eating the delicious cake.
11. Choose which model example 1 is
demonstrating.
Aristotle
Shannon and Weaver
Berlo
Shramm
Helical
12. Choose which model example 1 is
demonstrating.
Aristotle
Shannon and Weaver
Berlo
Shramm
Helical
13. 3. Al Nouf was thinking about how her baby was growing so fast. It was only
three years ago that Mariam was born. When Mariam was a baby, Al Nouf felt
blessed. Mariam only cried when she was hungry. She was a happy baby.
Mariam said her first word “Baba” when she was eight months old. After that,
there was nothing stopping her from communicating. She was learning new words
so fast and was able to speak in full sentences by the time she was 14 months old.
14. Choose which model example 1 is
demonstrating.
Aristotle
Shannon and Weaver
Berlo
Shramm
Helical
15. Choose which model example 1 is
demonstrating.
Aristotle
Shannon and Weaver
Berlo
Shramm
Helical
16. 4. Today is the day. John will shortly find himself on stage giving his first
presentation to over 100 people. John is ready. He wrote is speech weeks ago and
has been practicing every night. He knows his topic inside and out.
17. John hears his name being introduced and walks on stage with a smile on his face
and his chin-up. He starts his speech with a story to get the attention of the
audience. The audience laughs at the story, so John proceeds with even greater
confidence.
18. At the end of the speech, the audience claps and seems impressed at John’s
organization and well thought out details.
19. Choose which model example 1 is
demonstrating.
Aristotle
Shannon and Weaver
Berlo
Shramm
Helical
20. Choose which model example 1 is
demonstrating.
Aristotle
Shannon and Weaver
Berlo
Shramm
Helical
21. 5. Jackie received a phone call from her best friend, Tina, from their college days. It
had been ten years since they had last talked. They had so much to say. Jackie
and Tina talked for half the night exchanging updates on their lives.
22. Choose which model example 1 is
demonstrating.
Aristotle
Shannon and Weaver
Berlo
Shramm
Helical
23. Choose which model example 1 is
demonstrating.
Aristotle
Shannon and Weaver
Berlo
Shramm
Helical
24. We have come to an end of our
presentation. Review this
presentation until you have a full
understanding of the differences and
similarities between these models of
communication.
When you feel comfortable go to the
table of contents on our LMS and
complete the part 2 quiz.
Notas do Editor
Communication theory
We have read about five communication models as a way to understand how we communicate. These models provide us with a visual representation of the different forms of communication. The models discussed were Aristotle’s, Shannon and Weaver’s, Berlo’s, Schramm’s and Helical models of communication.
Communicating with others can be complex and misunderstandings can occur. Our awareness of the communication models can help us think more deeply about how we communicate, prepare better for future communication and learn from our previous experiences.
In the following exercises, you will be given examples to determine which model is used.
1. Shamma heard a loud crash outside her living room window. She ran to the window to see what happened and noticed there had been a car accident. One of the cars was up in flames and the people nearby were yelling and not sure what to do.
Running back inside, Shamma was able to quickly call the police. She told them the location of the accident and mentioned the fire. Thinking to herself, “hopefully they will arrive before anyone is seriously injured.”
This is the Berlo’s model of communication. It’s the most basic form of communication. It takes on an emotional aspect of a message and includes verbal and non-verbal communication. This linear model is the SMCR (source, message, channel, and receiver) model. In this model, barriers or noise are not considered and feedback was added much later to the original model; therefore, communication in this model is seen as one way. The easiest example of this to understand is television advertising.
2. Doris is a mother of two and her husband, Albert, is on his way home from work. She realizes that they are out of milk, which she needs for a cake she is baking that night. She finds her phone and calls her husband. When he picks up, she attempts to ask him to stop and buy some milk, but he is unable to hear her due to the traffic. So she sends her husband a message on WhatsApp.
Albert pulls over to read the message. Luckily he was close to the convenience store. He was looking forward to eating the delicious cake.
The Shannon and Weaver’s model of communication is used between Doris and Albert. This linear model of communication is a one-way communication model. This is the first model to introduce the role of noise in the communication process. Feedback was added later to an updated version to provide a better representation of human interaction.
3. Al Nouf was thinking about how her baby was growing so fast. It was only three years ago that Mariam was born. When Mariam was a baby, Al Nouf felt blessed. Mariam only cried when she was hungry. She was a happy baby. Mariam said her first word “Baba” when she was eight months old. After that, there was nothing stopping her from communicating. She was learning new words so fast and was able to speak in full sentences by the time she was 14 months old.
This example is the Helical model of communication. Communication is seen as a circular process, where we expand our knowledge of communicating as we grow to become better communicators. This is considered a transactional model, which is the most complex of the models.
4. Today is the day. John will shortly find himself on stage giving his first presentation to over 100 people. John is ready. He wrote is speech weeks ago and has been practicing every night. He knows his topic inside and out.
John hears his name being introduced and walks on stage with a smile on his face and his chin-up. He starts his speech with a story to get the attention of the audience. The audience laughs at the story, so John proceeds with even greater confidence.
At the end of the speech, the audience claps and seems impressed at John’s organization and well thought out details.
This is the oldest model of communication, the Aristotle’s model, dating back to 300 BC. It is mostly used for public speaking, seminars, and lectures where the sender is the only active member. The elements this model uses to improve communication are: ethos, pathos, and logos. The major issue of this model is that feedback is not included.
5. Jackie received a phone call from her best friend, Tina, from their college days. It had been ten years since they had last talked. They had so much to say. Jackie and Tina talked for half the night exchanging updates on their lives.
In this scenario, the Osgood-Schramm model of communication is used. It is a circular, two way mode of communication based on four principles that communication is circular, equal, needs interpretation and uses three steps: encoding, decoding and interpreting.
We have come to an end of our presentation. Review this presentation until you have a full understanding of the differences and similarities between these models of communication.
When you feel comfortable go to the table of contents on our LMS and complete the part 2 quiz.
