All about the a human's heart.

1. THE HUMAN
HEART
By: Group IV

2. THE HEART
 A VITAL ORGAN THAT FUNCTIONS AS A PUMP,
PROVIDING A CONTINUOUS FLOW OF BLOOD
THROUGH THE BODY, BY WAY OF CARDIAC
CYCLES.
 IT IS ENCLOSED IN THE PERICARDIUM
WHICH IS THE PROTECTIVE SAC OF THE
HEART THAT CONTAINS A LUBRICATING
LIQUID CALLED PERICARDIAL LIQUID.
 IT IS CONTAINED IN THE MEDIASTINUM IN
THE THORACIC CAVITY OF THE THORAX.
 IT HAS 3 OUTER WALL LAYERS: EPICARDIUM,
MYOCARDIUM, AND ENDOCARDIUM.

4. THE HEART
 EPICARDIUM – VISCERAL LAYER OF THE
PERICARDIUM.
 THIN LAYER OF SEROUS MEMBRANE THAT HELPS TO
LUBRICATE AND PROTECT THE OUTSIDE OF THE
HEART.
 MYOCARDIUM – THE MUSCULAR LAYER OF THE
HEART WALL
 CONTAINS THE CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE. MAKES UP
THE MAJORITY OF THE THICKNESS AND MASS OF
THE HEART WALL AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
PUMPING BLOOD.
 ENDOCARDIUM – THE SIMPLE SQUAMOUS
ENDOTHELIUM LAYER
 IT IS VERY SMOOTH AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
KEEPING BLOOD FROM STICKING TO THE INSIDE OF
THE HEART AND FORMING POTENTIALLY DEADLY

6. THE HEART
 IT ALSO HAD 4 CHAMBERS: LEFT&RIGHT
ATRIUMS (UPPER) AND LEFT&RIGHT
VENTRICLES (LOWER).
 THE RIGHT VENTRICLE PUMPS THE SAME
AMOUNT OF BLOOD INTO THE LUNGS
THAT THE LEFT VENTRICLE PUMPS OUT
INTO THE BODY.
 CARDIOLOGISTS STUDY THE HUMAN
HEART AND ITS DISORDERS.

8. THE HEART
 THE SEPTUM SEPARATES THE RIGHT
SIDE OF THE HEART FROM THE LEFT SIDE
OF THE HEART.
 VENTRICULAR AND ATRIAL SEPTUMS
 THE HEART ALSO HAS ITS OWN BLOOD
SUPPLY THAT SURROUNDS IT, CORONARY
CIRCULATION.
 THE HEART ACTUALLY ACTS AS A DOUBLE
PUMP WHERE THE RIGHT SIDE COLLECTS
DE-OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE
BODY, AND THE LEFT SIDE COLLECTS
OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE LUNGS.

10. CARDIAC CYCLE
 INCLUDES ALL OF THE EVENTS THAT
TAKE PLACE DURING A SINGLE
HEARTBEAT.
 THERE ARE 3 PHASES OF THE CARDIAC
CYCLE: ATRIAL SYSTOLE, VENTRICULAR
SYSTOLE, AND RELAXATION.
 ATRIAL SYSTOLE :THE ATRIA CONTRACT AND
PUSH BLOOD INTO VENTRICLES. THE
VENTRICLES REMAIN IN DIASTOLE THIS
PHASE.

11. CARDIAC CYCLE
 VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE: THE VENTRICLES
CONTRACT TO PUSH BLOOD INTO THE
AORTA AND PULMONARY TRUNK. THE ATRIA
REPOLARIZE AND ENTER THE STATE OF
DIASTOLE DURING THIS PHASE.
 RELAXATION PHASE: ALL 4 CHAMBERS OF
THE HEART ARE IN DIASTOLE AS BLOOD
POURS INTO THE HEART FROM THE VEINS.

13. CARDIAC OUTPUT
 THE VOLUME OF BLOOD BEING PUMPED
BY THE HEART IN ONE MINUTE.
 CO = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
 CO = CARDIAC OUTPUT
 STROKE VOLUME : AMOUNT OF BLOOD
PUMPED INTO THE AORTA DURING
VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE (mm).
 HEART RATE : HEARTBEATS PER MINUTE
 AVERAGE : 5 to 5.5 LITERS PER MINUTE AT
REST.

14. DEVELOPMENT OF THE
HEART
 ITS DEVELOPMENT HAD 5 STAGES:
 HEART TUBE
 HEART CHAMBERS
 TWO SEPTA
 AORTICOPULMONARY SEPTUM
 HEART VALVES
 THE HEART BEGINS BEATING AT AROUND
21 DAYS AFTER CONCEPTION. (75-80 BPM)

16. THE FLOW OF BLOOD
 BLOOD FLOWS THROUGH THE HEART IN
ONE DIRECTION, FROM THE ATRIA TO THE
VENTRICLES, AND OUT THROUGH THE
PULMONARY ARTERY, AND THE AORTA.
 THE TRICUSPID, BICUSPID, AND THE
PULMONARY VALVES PREVENT THE
BLOOD TO FLOW BACKWARDS.

18. ECG
 ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
 IT MEASURES THE HEART’S ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTION SYSTEM.

19. 2D AND 3D – ECHO
 TWO-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIGRAM
 THREE-DIMENSIONAL
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
 TESTS IN WHICH ULTRASOUND IS USED TO
PICTURE OUT THE HEART.

21. CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES
 CORONARY HEART DISEASE a.k.a. ISCHEMIC
HEART DISEASE (ATHEROSCLEROSIS)
 BUILD-UP OF PLAQUE ALONG THE INNER WALLS
OF THE HEART
 CARDIOMYOPATHY a.k.a. HEART MUSCLE
DISEASE
 CARDIAC DYSRYTHMIA a.k.a. ARRYTHMIA
 IRREGULAR HEARTBEATS
 HEART FAILURE
 COR PULMONALE a.k.a. PULMONARY HEART
DISEASE
 ENLARGEMENT & FAILURE OF RIGHT VENTRICLE

22. CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES
 INFLAMMATIONS
 CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE
 DISEASE OF THE BLOOD VESSELS THAT
SUPPLY BLOOD TO THE BRAIN
 CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
 PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE
 DISEASE OF THE BLOOD VESSELS THAT
SUPPLY BLOOD TO THE ARMS AND LEGS
 RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE

24. RISK FACTORS
 AGE
 GENDER
 MALES ARE AT GREATER RISK THAN
FEMALES
 HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
 HYPERLIPIDEMIA
 ABNORMALLY ELEVATED LIPIDS IN THE
BLOOD
 DIABETES MELLITUS
 TOBACCO SMOKING
 PROCESSED MEAT CONSUMPTION

25. RISK FACTORS
 EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
 SUGAR CONSUMPTION
 FAMILY HISTORY
 OBESITY
 LACK OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
 PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS
 INVOLVES BOTH PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
SOCIAL ASPECTS
 AIR POLLUTION

26. SOURCES:
WIKIPEDIA.ORG
GOOGLE.COM
INNERBODY.COM
HEART.ORG
CNX.ORG
SCIENCE.TJC.EDU
HISTOLOGYYOLM.STEVEVEGALLIK.
ORG
1.BP.BLOGSPOT.COM

27. PROVERBS 4:23 KJV
KEEP THY HEART WITH ALL
DILIGENCE; FOR OUT OF IT ARE
THE ISSUES OF LIFE.
PROVERBS 4:23 NAB
WITH CLOSEST CUSTODY, GUARD
YOUR HEART, FOR IN IT ARE THE
SOURCES OF LIFE.

28. ~~End
~~
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC