This presentation reviews the evolution of Oracle RAC, the problems that it solves and the challenges that it faced. It also includes a high level outlook of the future development of Oracle RAC for you to realize that this isn't the first time that the benefits of Oracle RAC were challenged and yet no new technology was entirely able to solve all the problems it solves, while RAC has always successfully tackled the challenges with which it was faced.

2. Copyright*©*2014,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.**|*
Oracle*Real*Applica@on*Clusters*(RAC)*
A"safe"investment"into"the"future"of"your"IT"
Markus*Michalewicz*
Director*of*Product*Management,*Oracle*Real*Applica@on*Clusters**
August*5th*2015*
*
*
*@OracleRACpm*
*hNp://www.linkedin.com/in/markusmichalewicz***
*hNp://www.slideshare.net/MarkusMichalewicz**

3. Copyright*©*2014,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.***
Agenda*
1"
2"
A*New*Perspec@ve*on*Oracle*RAC*
The*Future*of*Oracle*RAC*
3*

4. Copyright*©*2014,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.***
Safe*Harbor*Statement*
The*following*is*intended*to*outline*our*general*product*direc@on.*It*is*intended*for*
informa@on*purposes*only,*and*may*not*be*incorporated*into*any*contract.*It*is*not*a*
commitment*to*deliver*any*material,*code,*or*func@onality,*and*should*not*be*relied*upon*
in*making*purchasing*decisions.*The*development,*release,*and*@ming*of*any*features*or*
func@onality*described*for*Oracle’s*products*remains*at*the*sole*discre@on*of*Oracle.*
4*

5. Copyright*©*2014,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.***
Oracle
Database 10g
RAC (* 2004)
Oracle 6 to
Oracle8i
OPS
(* 199x)
Oracle9i Rel. 1
Oracle9i Rel. 2
RAC (* 2001)
Oracle Database
11g Rel. 1 with
RAC (* 2007)
Oracle Database
12c Rel. 1 with
RAC (* 2013)
Oracle Database
11g Rel. 2 with
RAC (* 2009)
*
Oracle*RAC*Evolu@on*
Oracle Database
Appliance (ODA)
Version 1 (* 2011)

6. Copyright*©*2014,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.*** 6*
Oracle*RAC*Customer*Examples*

7. Copyright*©*2014,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.***
Quality"of"Service""
1. Quality*of*Service*
Management*(QoS)*
2. Applica@on*Con@nuity*
Storage"Management"
1. Oracle*ASM*
2. Oracle*ACFS*
This*is*Oracle*RAC*
High"Availability"and"Scalability"
1. Oracle*Clusterware*
2. Oracle*RAC*(One*Node)*
Core"
Consolida?on"
1. Oracle*RAC**
(with*Oracle*Mul@tenant)*

8. Copyright*©*2014,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.***
BeNer*High*Availability*and*Planned*Maintenance*
8*
In"any"deployment"–"example"bare"metal"
OS OS OS OS
ASM_managed*
Shared*Storage*
DBA1 DBA2DBC1 DBC2+1 +1
Core"

9. Copyright*©*2014,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.*** 9*
Oracle*RAC*Family*of*Solu@ons*

10. Copyright*©*2014,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.*** 10*
“Always"On”"vs."“Always"Running”"""
Oracle*RAC*One$Node$vs.*Oracle*RAC*
• Oracle*RAC:*mul@ple*instances**
per*database*running*concurrently**
• Oracle*RAC*One*Node:*one*instance**
per*database*running*at*a*@me**

11. Copyright*©*2014,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.***
Online*Database*Reloca@on*for*beNer*HA*
Oracle"RAC"One"NodeJspecific"func?onality"that"makes"the"difference""
"
11*
Node3Node2
Oracle (Flex) ASM based pool of shared storage
Node1
Public Network
DBB DBC
Oracle Grid Infrastructure
DBEDBD
DBA
DBAOnline DB Relocation
• Online*Database*Reloca@on*minimizes*down@me***
during*(scheduled)*maintenance*opera@ons*such*as:*
*
• Patching*
• Resource*re_alloca@on*due*to*demand**
hNp://www.oracle.com/goto/racone""

12. Copyright*©*2014,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.***
Standardize*on*Oracle*RAC*
For"all"the"flexibility"you"need"
"
12*
High"Availability"
Scalability"
Online"
upgrade"
Online"(rolling)"Patch"and"PSU"Applica?on"

13. Copyright*©*2014,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.***
Virtualiza@on*Alone*is*NOT*the*Solu@on*
Database*management*in*terms*of*
failover*management,*sobware*and*
planned*down@me*management*
remain*the*same*using*VMs.**
Running*VMs*on*physical*hardware,*
as*a*DBaaS*founda@on*or*as*part*of*a*
cloud*deployment*does*not*
overcome*these*limita@ons.**
Oracle*RAC*provides*the*same*
benefits*on*physical*and*virtual*
environments.*
13*

14. Copyright*©*2014,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.*** 14*
Oracle*RAC*Supports*ANY*Hardware*
Generic"
Converged"
Engineered"
ODA"

15. Copyright*©*2014,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.***
Dedicated"deployment"
One*system,*oben*one*database*only,*for*a*specific*app.**
15*
Consolidated"deployment"
One*system*with*mul@ple*databases*and*applica@ons.*
One*Decision*Only:*What*Deployment*Type*do*you*prefer?*

16. Copyright*©*2014,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.***
• Dedicated*deployments*dominated*the*
Oracle*RAC*systems*in*the*early*years*
• Today,*dedicated*systems*are*mostly*
used*for*highly*tuned,*business*cri@cal*
OLTP*or*DWH*applica@ons*
• Flight*booking,*banking,*stock*exchange*
or*mobile*service*providers*use*such*
deployments*for*their*most*cri@cal*apps*
• Less*than*10%*of*all*applica@ons**
require*such*dedicated*resources**
16*
Dedicated*Deployments*

17. Copyright*©*2014,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.***
• Consolidated*deployments*have*become**
more*common*over*the*last*years*due*to*
IT*budget*cuts*and*general*cost*saving*
• Two*common*levels*of*consolida@on:*
1. Mul@ple*databases*on*one*cluster*
2. Schema*/*Oracle*Mul@tenant*
• Customers*use*consolidated*systems*to*
host*cri@cal*applica@ons*in*various*forms*
• Most*applica@ons*will*benefit*from*
inherent*HA,*scalability*and*flexibility*
capabili@es*immediately*
17*
Consolidated*Deployments*

18. Copyright*©*2014,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.***
• Customer*example:**
• Big*American*car*manufacturer*
• Task:*Insource*1000+*app*in*365*days*
*
• Proposal:*
• Iden@fy*the*5%*most*cri@cal*apps*
• Those*are*the*ones*to*tailor*to*
• Take*all*others*and*distribute*them*on*an*
Oracle*RAC_based*shared*infrastructure**
• Use*RAC*One*Node*as*needed*–*e.g.:**
• For*non_cri@cal*applica@ons*
• For*scaling*&*behavioral*outliers**
• Review*as*@me*permits*
18*
Most*Applica@ons!?*–*Help*me*decide!*

19. 19
Commonwealth Bank
! The Commonwealth Bank (CBA) is one of Australia s leading providers of
integrated financial services including retail, business and institutional banking,
funds management, superannuation, insurance, investment and broking services.
The Bank is one of the largest listed companies on the Australian Stock Exchange.

20. 20
Introduction
! In 2007 CBA set out to create an Oracle database shared service offering for the bank
• The offering has been highly successful by several measures
• Oracle-as-a-Service has continued to be developed through several iterations
! Oracle as a Service (OaaS) v1 – went live May 2008

21. 21
! Host many Oracle database applications
on a cluster of hardware
! Processor consolidation
• Run each server hotter
• Take advantage of complimentary workload peaks.
! Higher Availability
• Load balancing
• HA failover for component failure
• Standby DR
• Most apps do not implement these features – too expensive
! Cost Reduction
! Better Service
• Full time experts
• Always on-call
! Reduced Risk
• Whole environment is managed
• Operated as a “business”
Oracle as a Service In A Nutshell

22. 22
Reduce Risk, Improve Time to Market
! For new Projects:
• Remove a phase from the project – infrastructure already in place
• Remove reliance on expensive/scarce SME resources for design and build
• No longer need to manage risk associated with procurement and build
• Time to instantiate a new Production quality environment: 3 months " 2 minutes.
! Example: New ISV Application introduced into Online Share Trading platform
• Required to test performance under the workload
& data volume conditions projected in 2 years time.
Dedicated Infrastructure OaaS
Implementation Time 3-4 months few hours
$ Cost to Project Several hundred thousand < $10K
On Project Completion Under-utilized asset remains Environment turned-off

23. Copyright*©*2014*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.**|*
Added*Value*Free*of*Charge*
Applica?on"Con?nuity"&"QoS"are"free"with"Oracle"RAC"(One"Node)"
23*
✔* Database"
Cloud"
Services"
SLA"
Management"
JIT"Resource"
Alloca?on"
Quality"of"Service"
Management"

24. Copyright*©*2014*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.**|*
Applica@on*Con@nuity*&*Transac@on*Guard*
Mask"Unplanned"&"Planned"Outages"
24*
✔*
• Replays*in_flight*(DML)*
work*on*recoverable*errors*
*
• Masks*many*hardware,*sobware,*
network,*storage*errors*and*outages*
when*successful*
*
• Improves*end_user*experience*and*
produc@vity*without*requiring*
custom*applica@on*development**

25. Copyright*©*2014*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.**|*
In*Future:*Allow*Oracle*RAC*to*run*Everywhere*
Tradi?onal"Deployments* Private"Database"as"a"Service"
(Founda?on"for"Private"DB"Cloud)"
(Public"or"Hybrid)"Cloud*
25*

26. Copyright*©*2014*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.**|*
Tradi@onal*Deployments*
Oracle"RAC"Benefits"
• Provides*High*Availability*(HA)*and*scalability*
– for$any$applica5on$without$code$changes*
• Provides*a*highly*available*and*flexible*consolida@on*infrastructure*
• Facilitates*Oracle*Mul@tenant*for*consolida@on*density*
26*

27. Copyright*©*2014*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.**|*
Tradi@onal*Deployments*
Challenges"
• High*Availability*(HA)*and*scalability*requirements*increase*
– Predictable,*zero_down@me*high*availability*solu@ons*are*needed*
– Applica@ons*should*not*be*affected*from*failures*in*the*infrastructure*
– Applica@ons*should*not*be*affected*by*maintenance*ac@vi@es*
27*

28. Copyright*©*2014*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.**|*
Tradi@onal*Deployments*
Future"Improvements"to"Address"Challenges"
• Future*version*of*Oracle*RAC*will*improve*scalability*
1. DLM*to*service*and*to*PDB*assignment*reduces*recovery*@me*
2. Applica@on*Con@nuity*(*12.1)*libs*further*restric@ons**
3. The*Flex*RAC*architecture*allows*scaling*to*hundreds*of*nodes*
28*

29. Copyright*©*2014*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.**|*
In*Future:*Allow*Oracle*RAC*to*run*Everywhere*
Tradi?onal"Deployments* Private"Database"as"a"Service"
(Founda?on"for"Private"DB"Cloud)"
(Public"or"Hybrid)"Cloud*
29*
✔*

30. Copyright*©*2014*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.**|*
Cluster"
Cluster"
Cluster"
Cluster"
Cluster"
Cluster"
Typical*Private*Database*as*a*Service*Environment*
Hundreds"of"tradi?onal"deployments"used"as"PODs"to"provide"a"DB"service"
30*
Cluster"
Cluster"
Cluster"
Cluster"
Cluster"
Cluster"

31. Copyright*©*2014*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.**|*
Private*Database*as*a*Service*
Oracle"RAC"Benefits"
• Tradi@onal*Oracle*RAC*benefits*apply:*
– Provide*highly*available,*scalable,*and*elas@c*database*services*
– Load*balance*work*across*the*infrastructure*
– Quickly*deploy*and*patch*database*environments*
*
31*

32. Copyright*©*2014*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.**|*
Private*Database*as*a*Service*
Challenges"
• Single*Image*Management*of*all*layers*required*
– Storage,*servers,*databases*and*applica@ons*
• Flexibility*and*scalability*within*and*between*PODs*
– Cloud*elas@city*needs*to*be*provided*on*all*layers*
• Misbelief*that*virtualiza@on*solves*most*challenges*
• System_wide*monitoring*and*diagnosis*
32*

33. Copyright*©*2014*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.**|*
Oracle*Private*Database*as*a*Service*
Future"Improvements"To"Address"Challenges"
• Single*Image*Management*of*all*layers*
– Using*centralized"Management"Services"
• Flexibility*and*scalability*between*and*within*PODs*
– Using*Client*Clusters*
• Support*for*non_shared*storage**
• System_wide*monitoring*and*diagnosis*
– Using*Autonomous"Compu?ng""
33*

34. Copyright*©*2014*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.**|*
Cluster"
Cluster" Cluster"
Cluster"
Cluster"
Cluster"
Oracle*Rapid*Home*Provisioning*(RHP)**
Centralized"and"standardized"so_ware"maintenance"
34*
Cluster"
Local"Copy"
RHP Server

35. Copyright*©*2014*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.**|*
System_wide*monitoring*and*diagnosis*
Autonomous"Compu?ng"
35*35*
Self_*
Op@mizing*
Self_*
Protec@ng*
Self_*
Configuring*
Self_*
Healing*
QoS" CHM"
CHA" HngMgr"
Policy" OraChk"

36. Copyright*©*2014*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.**|*
In*Future:*Allow*Oracle*RAC*to*run*Everywhere*
Tradi?onal"Deployments* Private"Database"as"a"Service"
(Founda?on"for"Private"DB"Cloud)"
(Public"or"Hybrid)"Cloud**
36*
✔* ✔*

37. Copyright*©*2014*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.**|*
Oracle*RAC*in*the*Public*Cloud*
Using"Oracle’s"Cloud"or"third"party"offerings"
37*
Exadata*Cloud*Service*
Oracle*Public*Cloud*RAC*Service*

38. Copyright*©*2014*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.**|*
In*Future:*Allow*Oracle*RAC*to*run*Everywhere*
Tradi?onal"Deployment* Private"Database"as"a"Service"
(Founda?on"for"Private"DB"Cloud)"
(Public"or"Hybrid)"Cloud:*
38*
✔* ✔* ✔*

39. Copyright*©*2014*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.**|*
More*Informa@on*
• hNp://www.slideshare.net/MarkusMichalewicz**
• The"Oracle"Real"Applica?on"Clusters"(RAC)"Family"of"Solu?ons""
J"A"User"Guide"hNps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zx7L6UHcDc**
• Oracle*RAC*Prac@cal*Performance*Management*and*Tuning*–**
On*Oracle*Learning*Streams*–*full*Play*available*free*of*charge*
Oracle*Confiden@al*–*Internal/Restricted/Highly*Restricted* 39*