This document provides the full course content for ELM 500 How Learning Occurs, including discussion questions, assignments, and details for each topic. The course covers theories of learning and instruction, assessment practices, using data to inform instruction, creating assessments, and accommodating diverse learners. Assignments include analyzing learning theories, designing assessments, interviewing education professionals, and creating a comprehensive assessment plan with modified items for students with IEPs.

1. ELM 500 How Learning Occurs Entire Course
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ELM 500 How Learning Occurs Entire Course
ELM 500 How Learning Occurs Full Course
ELM 500 Topic 1: Discussion Question 1
After watching the “How People Learn:Introduction to Learning Theory”video, reflect on and discuss the following:
How do you, personally,learn? What have other teachers done to assistyou in that learning? Utilize and reference
the four areas that influence learning mentioned in the video.
ELM 500 Topic 1: Discussion Question 2
Select one of the theorists in Chapter 1 of Psychology of Learning for Instruction, such as Pavlov or Gestalt, and
summarize their contribution to learning theory. How does this applyto your own ideas aboutteaching and learning?
ELM 500 Week 1 Assignment Reflection of How People Learn
Details:
Watch the video “How People Learn:Introduction to Learning Theory,” which details how teaching has been
described in manyways and presents similes comparing teachers as actors,as storytellers and as coaches.Many
more similes can be found in your readings.
In a 500-750-word paper,describe the simile thatcaptures your own ideas aboutteaching and how it reflects one or
more of the learning theories from this week’s reading.The simile maybe one you read about or one you create.
What does your simile suggestaboutyour thinking on how students learn? Further,whatdoes your simile suggest
aboutthe role of a teacher in assisting students’ learning?
Prepare this assignmentaccording to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student
Success Center.An abstractis not required.
This assignmentuses a rubric.Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignmentto become familiar with the
expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submitthis assignmentto Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
ELM 500 Topic 2: Discussion Question 1
Think of an educational scenario in which you or someone you know had difficulty achieving the setgoals or
outcomes.Consider the experience in reference to behavior modification.
What would you do to overcome,monitor,and identify additional challenges involved in this scenario? Be sure to
refer to this week’s reading in Psychology of Learning for Instruction when responding to this question.
ELM 500 Topic 2: Discussion Question 2

2. In making learning meaningful,how do you address the challenge ofmemoryfailing to encode or retrieve information
(i.e., forgetting)? How would this look at various stages ofcognitive development?
ELM 500 Week 2 Assignment Deconstructing Assessment Items
Details:
Review “Sample Arizona AIMS Exam Questions.” This contains seven assessmentitems for fourth-graders from the
standardized Arizona AIMS exam. Complete this assignmentin three parts:
1. Complete a “Table of Specifications” using the table formatprovided.Begin by analyzing each of the seven
assessmentitems.For each item, create a learning objective aligned to whatthe assessmentitem is measuring.
Write these learning objectives in the firstcolumn under “Learning Objectives.” Then,for each assessmentitem,
classifythe item,indicating its type (e.g., multiple choice,essay) under the level of knowledge/skill the studentis
being asked to displayin the item.
2. Review each assessmentitem for cultural bias (e.g., ethnic, gender,or socioeconomic bias).Write a short description
of your review beneath your Table of Specifications.
3. Lastly, create new assessmentitems for each of the original seven assessmentitems using a differentDepth of
Knowledge (DOK) Level than what was originallyrequired.Be sure your new assessmentitem aligns to the learning
objective you wrote, or, if you prefer, re-write the learning objective slightlyto more accurately reflect your new
assessment.Include the learning objectives,the new assessmentitems,and their Depth of Knowledge (DOK) Level
classification beneath the statementofbias.
APA format is not required,butsolid academic writing is expected.
You are not required to submitthis assignmentto Turnitin.
ELM 500 Topic 3: Discussion Question 1
What is the overall goal for using studentself-assessments? Are self-assessments bestused for pre-assessment,
formative assessment,or summative assessment,or are they all equal in value? Explain your answers.
ELM 500 Topic 3: Discussion Question 2
How can students benefitby setting,monitoring,and evaluating their own learning goals? How can teachers assist
students in this process?
ELM 500 Week 3 Assignment Performance-basedAssessments
Details:
Select one of the following broad learning outcomes:
1. Identifies and sequences main ideas and details ofa literature text.
2. Applies higher-level comprehension strategies (predicting,visualizing,questioning,making connections,and making
inferences) to a science contentarea.
3. Discerns and explains the theme ofa literature text.
4. Compares and contrasts two or more characters or elements ofa literature text.
Research performance-based assessments and identifyfive types of performance-based assessments thatcould be
used to assess the selected learning outcome.
Write a 750-1,000-word essayin which you describe each and how it could be used.Also,identify the one you would
be mostlikelyto use and briefly describe why.
Be sure to cite your sources for the assessments.
Prepare this assignmentaccording to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student
Success Center.An abstractis not required.
This assignmentuses a rubric.Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignmentto become familiar with the
expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submitthis assignmentto Turnitin.
ELM 500 Topic 4: Discussion Question 1
Max Points: 5.0
Identify at leasttwo types of feedback. How would you use these in your own classroom? How mightyou have to
differentiate these types depending on the student’s needs and learning styles?
ELM 500 Topic 4: Discussion Question 2

3. What is the difference between effective praise and ineffective praise? How does this relate to performance-based
assessment?
ELM 500 Week 4 Assignment Communicating Assessment Practices to Parents
Details:
Select an elementarygrade level and using the class profile provided to you, create a 7-10-slide PowerPointor Prezi
presentation thatyou will share with parents ofyour students atan upcoming open house.Your presentation should
include the following components:
1. Your philosophyon assessment
2. A range of types of assignments the students will receive
3. Your evaluation and assessmentpractices
4. Your practices related to diversity, including all accommodations
5. An explanation of what your assessmentpractices look like in your classroom,both formative and summative
6. Details ofyour grading system and reporting practices while addressing anyethical and/or legal issues related to
students’ rights and teacher responsibilities
7. Identify illustrative items and tasks from the state-based assessmentadministered in your state
Be sure to use scholarlywriting and include in-text citations where needed as well as a reference slide.
While APA formatis not required for the body of this assignment,solid academic writing is expected,and in -text
citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines,which can be found in the APA
Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignmentuses a rubric.Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignmentto become familiar with the
expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submitthis assignmentto Turnitin.
ELM 500 Week 4 Assignment Evaluating Feedback
Details:
Watch the “Always Learning” video,then respond in a 100-250-word paragraph for each question below:
1. How does the feedback describe the student’s work in lightof the criteria for success on the learning target? Explain
your thinking.
2. Was the format of the feedback appropriate and effective in this situation? Explain your reasoning.
3. Was the timing of the feedback effective in this situation? Explain your answer.
APA style is not required,but solid academic writing is expected.
You are not required to submitthis assignmentto Turnitin.
ELM 500 Topic 5: Discussion Question 1
What resources mightyou utilize when creating assessments to meetdiverse students’ needs in addition to
accommodations? With whom mightyou make contact in order to obtain further information aboutstudents’ needs?
For example,this may refer to ELL students or students with IEPs.
ELM 500 Topic 5: Discussion Question 2
Max Points: 5.0
Identify what the difference is between presentation accommodations and response accommodations.Provide an
example of how each accommodation could be implemented or presented in your assessment.
ELM 500 Week 5 Assignment Assessments and Accommodations
Details:
Mrs. Watkins,a sixth-grade science teacher,typically lectures using PowerPointwhile students take notes.Her
students’ assignments are to read and answer questions from the textbook, and she requires them to conduct lab
experiments by following written procedures.She assesses her students using written tests.A studentin her
classroom has a learning disabilityand reads ata third-grade level.
Based on what you know aboutMrs. Watkins class:
1. Identify at leastthree areas where this studentmightexperience difficultyin her classroom.
2. Suggestat leastfour types of information thatMrs. Watkins can share in an upcoming IEP meeting to help identify
appropriate accommodations.

4. 3. Identify two presentation accommodations and two response accommodations the IEP team mightidentify for the
student.Explain how these accommodations are intended to assistthe studentCite at leasttwo resources from your
research to supportyour findings.
APA format is not required,butsolid academic writing is expected.
This assignmentuses a rubric.Review the rubric prior to beginning the assignmentto become familiar with the
expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submitthis assignmentto Turnitin.
Source: This scenario and associated questions were adapted from The IRIS Center for Training Enhancements.
(2010).Accommodations:Instructional and Testing Supports for Students with Disabilities.
ELM 500 Week 5 Assignment Clinical Field Experience A: Interview of a School District Administrator
Details:
Interview 1: Interview of a School DistrictAdministrator Regarding AssessmentPractices
Conductresearch on district-wide assessmentpractices byinterviewing a certified administrator from a districtoffice.
Allocate a total of 2 hours to complete this partof the Clinical Field Experience.
Your interview questions should probe:
1. The type and number of testing and assessmentpractices implemented district-wide.
2. Any modifications to the testing and assessmentpractices implemented district-wide for ELL, IEP, and 504 students.
3. How data from these testing and assessmentpractices are shared with classroom teachers.
4. How data from these testing and assessmentpractices are shared with parents and students.
5. How data from these testing and assessmentpractices affectteaching and learning.
6. The culture and climate ofthe district regarding the use of testing and assessmentdata.
Ask additional questions and follow-up questions as appropriate.Retain a copy of the questions asked and
responses received.
In a 250-500-word response,summarize your interview experience. Be sure to draw conclusions from your
experience and describe how those conclusions can be applied to your future practice as an educator.Please include
in-text citations,though a reference listis not required.
APA format is not required,butsolid academic writing is expected.
This assignmentuses a rubric.Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignmentto become familiar with the
expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submitthis assignmentto Turnitin.
Documentthe hours and locations thatyou spend in the field on your Clinical Field Experience Verification Form.
Submitthe Clinical Field Experience Verification Form with the lastassignmentby the assignmentdue d ate.
Directions for submitting can be found on the College ofEducation site in the Student Success Center.
ELM 500 Week 5 Assignment Clinical Field Experience B: Interview of a School Administrator
Details:
Interview 2: Interview of a School Administrator Regarding AssessmentPractices
From the same district,interview a certified administrator ata school regarding district-wide assessmentpractices.
Allocate a total of 2 hours to complete this partof the Clinical Field Experience.
Your interview questions should probe:
1. The type and number of district-wide testing and assessmentpractices thatthe school implements.
2. Any modifications to the district-wide testing and assessmentpractices thatthe school implements for ELL,IEP and
504 students.
3. How data from these testing and assessmentpractices are shared with teachers.
4. How teachers share data from these testing and assessmentpractices with parents and students.
5. How implementation ofthese testing and assessmentpractices affects teachers’ teaching and learning.
6. How data from these testing and assessmentpractices affects the teachers’ teaching and learning.
7. The building administrator’s attitudes and beliefs toward district-wide testing and assessmentpractices.
Ask additional questions and follow-up questions as appropriate.Retain a copy of the questions asked and
responses received.
In a 250-500-word response,summarize your interview experience. Be sure to draw conclusions from your
experience and describe how those conclusions can be applied to your future practice as an educator.Please include
in-text citations,though a reference listis not required.
APA format is not required,butsolid academic writing is expected.
This assignmentuses a rubric.Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignmentto become familiar with the
expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submitthis assignmentto Turnitin.
Documentthe hours and locations thatyou spend in the field on your Clinical Field Experience Verification Form.

5. Submitthe Clinical Field Experience Verification Form with the lastassignmentby the assignmentdue date.
Directions for submitting can be found on the College ofEducation site in the Student Success Center.
ELM 500 Week 5 Assignment Clinical Field Experience C: Interview of a Teacher
Details:
Interview 3: Interview of a Teacher Regarding AssessmentPractices
From the same district,interview a certified teacher’s practices and attitudes regarding district-wide testing and
assessmentpractice.
Allocate a total of 2 hours to complete this partof the Clinical Field Experience.
Your interview questions should probe:
1. The type and number of district-wide testing and assessmentpractices thatthe teacher implements.
2. Any modifications to the district-wide testing and assessmentpractices thatthe teacher implements for ELL,IEP, and
504 students.
3. How data from these testing and assessmentpractices are shared with the teacher.
4. How the teacher shares data from these testing and assessmentpractices with parents and students.
5. How implementation ofthese testing and assessmentpractices affects the teacher’s teaching and learning.
6. How data from these testing and assessmentpractices affects the teacher’s teaching and learning.
7. The teacher’s attitudes and beliefs toward district-wide testing and assessmentpractices.
Ask additional questions and follow-up questions as appropriate.Retain a copy of the questions asked and
responses received.
In a 250-500 word response,summarize your interview experience.Be sure to draw conclusions from your
experience and describe how those conclusions can be applied to your future practice as an educator.Please include
in-text citations,though a reference listis not required.
APA format is not required,butsolid academic writing is expected.
This assignmentuses a rubric.Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignmentto become familiar with the
expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submitthis assignmentto Turnitin.
Documentthe hours and locations thatyou spend in the field on your Clinical Field Experience Verification Form.
Submitthe Clinical Field Experience Verification Form with the lastassignmentby the assignmentdue date.
Directions for submitting can be found on the College ofEducation site in the Student Success Center.
ELM 500 Topic 6: Discussion Question 1
Explain the process you have taken to complete your Comprehensive AssessmentPlan.Where are you in this
process? Where have you seen challenges? Whathave you done to address those challenges?
ELM 500 Topic 6: Discussion Question 2
How can assessmentbe used to promote continuous intellectual and social development?
ELM 500 Week 6 Assignment Benchmark – Comprehensive Assessment Plan
Details:
Review “Comprehensive AssessmentPlan Benchmark Assessmentand Rubric” in preparation for completing the
Benchmark Assessment.All coursework will inform this assignment.
Comprehensive Assessment Plan
Use the “Class Profile” and selecta grade level (1-8) for the class. Next, selectEnglish Language Arts or
Mathematics as the content area you will be working with for this assignment.Based on the grade and content area
you selected,choose a Common Core strand,cluster,and setof standards. From this information,you will create a
comprehensive assessmentplan.
In creating the assessmentplan,include an introduction thatprovides a short summaryof a unit of study to
contextualize your assessments.Include:
1. Learning targets/objectives thatare aligned with your standards and consistentwith the unit of study you have
summarized.
2. Academic language for the unit of study, including keyvocabulary, form, and function.
3. An informal,formative pre-assessment.
In addition,provide a table of specifications using either the DOK model or Bloom’s Taxonomymodel.
Consistentand aligned with these items,create a summative assessmentthatconsists of:
1. Directions for the student.
2. Three shortanswer response items thatrequire the use of varied cognitive skills.
3. Fifteen multiple choice questions thatrequire the use of varied cognitive skills.

6. 4. One restricted response essaythat requires extended or critical thinking.
5. Modified shortanswer response items and multiple choice items for a studenton an IEP related to a learning
disability.
Next, create the following to accompanyyour summative assessment:
1. An analytic scoring guide for the restricted response essaythat describes the criteria and features to be scored.
2. An answer key that includes answers for the shortanswer responses,answers for the multiple choice questions with
explanations for each option, and a sample answer for the extended response essay.
3. A separate answer keyfor the assessmentitems thatwere modified for the studenton the IEP.
APA format is not required,butsolid academic writing is expected.
This assignmentuses a rubric.Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignmentto become familiar with the
expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submitthis assignmentto Turnitin.
Submitthis assignmentto your instructor in LoudCloud.
ELM 500 Week 6 Assignment Do’s and Don’ts of Parent-Teacher Conferences
Details:
Research journal articles for ideas on the Do’s and Don’ts ofparent-teacher conferences.
From your research,draft a 250-word checklistfor yourselfon what to do before,during,and after parent-teacher
conferences.
APA format is not required,butsolid academic writing is expected.
You are not required to submitthis assignmentto Turnitin.