Second world war

1. Esta foto de Autor desconocido se concede bajo licencia de CC BY.

2. INDEX
1. Why did the Second World War happen?
2. Development of the war
3. A total war
4. The Jews and Holocaust.
5. The consequences of th war
6. The United Nations.
Another Source to study: https://view.genial.ly/63fce54e44141b001875a5b9/presentation-4o-
eso-unit-7-the-second-world-war

3. GLOSARY
 MEIN KAMPF (My Struggle): it is the book written by Nazi leader Adolf Hitler. It exposes Hitler’s political
ideology, such as superiority of Arian race, anti-Semitism and militarism.
 LEBENSRAUM (“living space”): an important component of Nazi ideology. As Germany is facing
overpopulation, and Germans are a superior race, they have the right to displace people of inferior races in
order to provide resources.
 SS (Schutzstaffel): meaning Protection Squadron. Was a paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and
the Nazi party.
 GESTAPO (Secret State Police): was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and German-occupied
Europe.
 MUNICH AGREEMENT: treaty signed by France and Britain with Germany, in September 1938, stating that
Hitler could have the Sudetenland region (Czechoslovakia).
 ROME-BERLIN AXIS PACT: alliance between Germany and Italy (1936)
 ANTIKOMINTERN PACT: anti-communist alliance between Germany and Japan (1936)

4.  NON-AGGRESSION PACT: also called Molotov-Ribbentrop Treaty / German
Soviet Treaty: it is a treaty signed in August 1939 by Germany and the Soviet Union. It ensured a non-
involvement of the Soviet Union in
case of war. The pact included a secret protocol that divided territories of Poland and Baltic republics i
nto Nazi and Soviet spheres of influence.
 BLITZKRIEG (“lightning war”): it is a warfare using all-
motorized force concentration of tanks, infantry, artillery, combat engineers and
air power, concentrating overwhelming force at high speed to break through enemy lines, and,
once the lines are broken, proceeding without regard to its flank.
 The HOLOCAUST: the killing of millions of Jews and others by the Nazis before and during the Second
World War.
 UN (United Nations Organization): supranational organization founded in 1945 to promote peace,
security and economic development.

5.  A. The totalitarian regimes' desire for war
 -The totalitarian regimes began a foreign policy
based on expansionism.
 (GERMANY, ITALY AND JAPAN)
 -They aimed to acquire mor raw materials and to
increase their international power and influence.

6. B. ESCALATING
AGGRESSION
1931 – The Japanese army
invaded Manchuria, a region
in northeast China.

7.  1935 – Italy invaded
Abyssinia (Etiopía).
 Objective: increase its
colonial territory.
 The League of
Nations sanctioned
Ityaly.
 Italy refused to accept
the sanction => Italy
was expelled fo the
League of Nations.
 . In Europe, it also
invaded Albania.

8.  Germany developed a policy of
territorial expansion aimed at creating
a vast empire (Third Reich)
 Hitler remilitarised the Rhineland.
 In March 1938, Germany used military
force to occupy Austria (Anschluss) and
in September demanded
Czechoslovakia hand over the
Sudetenland, which was populated by a
significant Germanminority.

9. In order to keep the peace and avoid another war,
democracies such as Great Britain supported a
policy of appeasement. (To appease. Apaciguar)
As a result, they did not use military force to prevent
Japanese, German and Italian expansionism in the
1930s.
During the 1930s, Japan, Italy and Germany
took advantage of appeasement and proceeded
to annex or invade other countries.

10.  Conference of Munich: Chamberlain
(Great Britain), Dadalier (France),
Hitler (Germany) and Mussolini
(Italy).
 Great Britain and Italy accepted
Hitler´s demands and gave him
Czechoslovakia, which was annexed
in March 1939.

11.  In 1936, Germany entered into the Rome-
Berlin Axis alliance with Italy, which was
renewed in 1939 under the name Pact of
Steel.
 On 23 August 1939, Hitler and Stalin signed
the Nazi-Soviet Pact, in which they agreed not
to attack each other.
 In November 1936, Germany entered into
the Anti-Comintern Pact with Japan.

12.  In response to the Nazi-Soviet Pact,
on 25 August, Great Britain joined
France and Poland in an alliance of
mutual protection.

13.  Finally, Hitler asked Poland to give
Danzig back to Germany but Poland
refused.
 On 1 September 1939 Germany invaded
Poland.
 On 3 September 1939, Great Britain and
France declared war on Germany,
because of the alliance of mutual
protection with Poland.
Un Camarógrafo de Guerra Alemán inmortaliza
el mítico instante en el que un grupo de
soldados alemanes rompe la Barrera del Puesto
Fronterizo Polaco para permitir el paso de las
tropas.
Acaba de estallar la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
Fuente: http://www.1y2gm.com/t2384-batalla-de-mokra-panzers-
contra-caballos

14. 4- THE SECOND WORLD WAR
4.1. The war's participants and phases
AXIS POWERS: Germany, Italy and from 1940, Japan.
Later joined by other countries.
ALLIED POWERS: Great Britain, France and Poland; later
joined by some of the Commonwealth members.

15. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lm5Sx
G68KSM

18.  German word meaning «lightning war».
 Military strategy based on a series of rapid surprise attacks by land
and air.

19. WESTERN FRONT

20. The French defeat cause the
dimission of Chamberlain.
Wiston Churchill became the
new British Prime Minister.

21. WESTERN FRONT

23. AXIS ALLIES

24. AFRICA

25. ASIA AND OCEANIA
Emperor HiroHito
General Tojo

27. INVASIONS: PEARL
HARBOR. THE ENTRANCE
OF USA PEARL
HARBOR

30.  In 1942 the AXIS POWERS suffered a series of successive
defeats:
 Defeat in Stalingrad: the bloodiest.
 Defeat in El Alamein: the end of the Afrika Korps.
 Defeat in Midway: Allied offensive over Japan.

31.  Objetive: to control the river Volga and the access to the oil in the Caucasus.
 Result:
the defeat of the Germans.

32.  Aim: to control the oil of the Middle East.
 Result:
Great Britain defeated German forces
in 1942, with the aid of Allied
reinforcements from India and Australia.

33.  The USA defeated Japanese forces.
 The Allied powers controlled the Pacific.

34.  The Allied powers stopped the Japaneses.
 The General Mac Arthur applied the “leapfrog” tactic:
 Creation of military bases which allowed to give the next “leap”.
 Aisle the enemy bases.

36.  AFRICA:
 Geman and Italian forces were defeated in Libya in 1943.
 This followed the Allies to cross the Mediterranean and invade Italy.

37.  1944: USSR achieved Germany through the Balkans.

38.  On 6 June 1944, the Normandy Landings took place in France.
 Allied troops landed on the beaches of Normandy to arrive to Germany
earlier than the USSR.
 Result:
 They liberated France,
Belgium and the Netherlands
from German control.

39.  After the Normandy Landings, the Allies attacked Germany in three directions:
 From France
 From Italy
 From USSR

40.  STRATEGIC BOMBIMG CAMPAIGN AGAINST GERMAN
CITIES
 Indiscriminated bombing on civilians.
 BOMBING OF DRESDEN: more than 150,000 deads in 2
days.
Thousands of
people were
burned to death
Were the Western leaders
better than Hitler or Stalin?.

41.  30 April 1945: Hitler killed himself.
 2 May 1945:
 Berlin was conquered by the Allied powers.
 The German Army surrendered in Italy and Mussolini was assassinated.
 THE END OF THE WAR IN EUROPE

42.  The Allies were making important advances, but Japan refused to surrender.
 USA advanced over Iwo Jima and Okinawa.

43.  On 8 August 1945, the USA dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
 As a result, Japan surrendered on 2 September 1945.
 THE END OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR

44. Sólo en Hiroshima, que tenía una población
de 200.000 habitantes, hubo 100.000
muertos, 60.000 heridos y 68.000 viviendas
destruidas.
¿Podemos considerar
a los lideres
occidentales mas
benignos que Hitler o
Stalin?.

45.  GLOBAL SCOPE:
 There were more countries involved than any previous war.
 Five continents.
 Operations in Europe, Africa, Asia and Oceania.
 50 million soldiers
 MOBILISATION OF THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY FOR MILITARY
PURPOSES.
 It affected the civilian population as a result of bombings.
 Bombing also aimed to destroy the enemy's industrial and economic organisation.
 They became a devastating form of punishment for the defeated.
 ECONOMIC DIMENSION
 State intervention in the economy to mobilise production, science and technoloty for
military purposes.
 Large-scale mobilisation of women and their entry into the workforce.
 Rationing: shortages of food and consumer goods.

46.  Here you have some videos
 WW2: The Emergence of Nazism and the Holocaust | The Jewish Story
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FDfhPMA95I
The Auschwitz Album:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATQp8rFXRkg
 You have to do an infographic (with Canva for instance) about jews and
concentrations camps.

48. DEMOGRAPHIC CONSEQUENCES.
 Between 55 and 60 million people died during
WWII, both civilians and soldiers.
 The most affected nations were the USSR,
Poland, Germany and the Jews, who
suffered genocide in the Nazi concentration
and death camps.
 There were many forced migrations due
to the occupations by foreign armies.
Many refugees went to South and North
America to escape from the war.
 Birthrate decreased notably.
 Many people left the cities and moved to
the countryside.
DEATH
 USSR: 24 million.
 China: 20 million.
 Poland: 5.5 million.
 Yugoslavia: 1.5 million.
 France: 600,000.
 Great Britain: 320,000.
 Germany: 8 million.
 Japan: 3 million.
 Italy: 600,000.
 Jews: 6 million.

49.  Many crop fields were destroyed.
 Most of the infrastructures were
bombed and destroyed.
 Economy had to be restructured
from a warfare system into a peace
economy.
 Europe got itself into debt and
depended on the American or
Soviet aid.
 Poland. Warsaw,

50. New democratic government were
established in both Italy and Japan.
Germany was occupied by the Allies.
Great Britain and France were weakened
due to the war´s impact, and lost much of
their status as global powers.
The USA and the USSR became the
world´s new superpowers.

51.  In 1945, there were several meetings between
the Allied leaders to discuss how they would
deal with the defeated Axis Powers.
Peace
Conferences
The Yalta
Conference
The Postdam
Conference

52. THE YALTA CONFERENCE
February, 1945

53.  THE YALTA CONFERENCE
 They discussed the situation of
Europe after being liberated from the
Nazis.
 Agreements:
 The Allies would occupy Germany
and Japan.
 The Soviet Union would receive par
t of Eastern Poland.

54.  What happened in Eastern Europe?
 Eastern Europe fell on the orbit of the USSR,
because it was liberated from the Nazis by the
Soviet army.
 Stalin promised to hold democratic free
elections, but rejected Western supervision.
 In Eastern Europe the popular democracies
(socialist states) were installed.

55. THE YALTA CONFERENCE
 They also agreed on the creation of a new international
organisation to guarantee peace: THE UNITED NATIONS
(UN)
 To prevent or resolve conflicts between countries.
 To defend basic human rights, including the right of a national
self-determination.
 One of the UN´s first mesasures was to adopt the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights.
A blue-beret soldier

56.  THE POSTDAM CONFERENCE
 What would happen with
Germany?
 Germany would be disarmed.
 Germany would be divided into four
zones, each one occupied and
administrated by one of the major
Allied powers: Great Britain, USA,
USSR and France.
Berlin
Germany

57. THE POSTDAM CONFERENCE
August, 1945