Parking Forest to ASCE
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Overview of two pilot projects of the Parking Forest, an assembly of common materials used to increase tree canopy and manage stormwater in parking lots without losing parking spaces.
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Parking Forest to ASCE
- 1. The Parking Forest: Linear Tree Wells Using Structural Soil 503.334.8634 www.greengirlpdx.com greengirl@greengirlpdx.com a certified women business enterprise Sustainability for all the places between the buildings
- 2. Clean Water Services Healthy Streams Plan Main Street Tigard
- 3. Effective Impervious Area within the Tualatin Basin UGB 8% Source: Clean Water Services Healthy Streams Plan
- 4. 50% evaporation 100% XX” average annual rainfall Why do we need more trees in the urban fabric? Water Balance BEFORE Development 25% groundwater (deep infiltration) 0.5% runoff
- 5. reduced evaporation 2% evaporation 98% runoff No infiltration Reduced infiltration 100% average annual rainfall Water Balance AFTER Development Example: EVERYWHERE
- 6. Water Balance Runoff Compared 0.5% runoff 98% runoff
- 7. Hydromodification from a Watershed Perspective Please! Keep your runoff volume to yourself! • Additional volumes result in exceeding predeveloped rates that scour stream banks. • Additional durations of flow impact habitat further.
- 8. What’s wrong with the trees we’ve got?
- 9. What’s wrong with the trees we’ve got?! Photo Source: gratefulmommy.com
- 10. What about all those lovely tree-lined streets in Portland?
- 11. Trees Need Soil to Grow Graph Source: USDA Forest Service Center for Urban Forest Research Slide courtesy of Todd Prager ,Todd Prager & Associates
- 12. Trees Need Soil to Grow 5 ft Crown 40 cu ft Soil 20 ft Crown 450 cu ft Soil 40 ft Crown 2000+ cu ft Soil Photos and observations courtesy of Todd Prager, Todd Prager & Associates
- 13. The Parking Forest An Assembly of Common Materials
- 14. The Parking Forest A Close Up Crushed aggregate Tree Re-paved area Pavement outside of Parking Forest Wheel stop Undisturbed native clayey soil Amended native clayey soil Structural Structural Soil Soil (dry)
- 15. Two Sites Redevelopment Retrofit Watershed base map courtesy of Tualatin River Watershed Council
- 16. THPRD Sunset Swim Center Redevelopment with Pervious Concrete
- 17. THPRD Sunset Swim Center in Plan Redevelopment with Pervious Concrete
- 18. Structural Soil Our “Secret Weapon” Source: Cornell University – CU Structural Soil - http://www.hort.cornell.edu
- 19. How do we know it works? Olympia Results 8 Years Later Control Trees Planted in Compacted Native Soil Trees Planted in Structural Soil
- 28. Why these materials? • • • • • Structural soil Amended Native Soil Trees Wheel stops Crush rock (in landscape area)
- 29. Why these materials? Structural Soil • Structural soil versus structural supports
- 30. A Second Way of Providing Tree Roots with Adequate Soil Volume Under Pavement . Photo courtesy of Jim Labbe
- 31. AAnother Way of Providing Tree Roots with Second Way of Providing Tree Roots with Adequate Soil Volume Under Pavement Adequate Soil Volume Under Pavement . Photo courtesy of Jim Labbe
- 32. A Second Way of Providing Tree Roots with Adequate Soil Volume Under Pavement Jim Labbe in Nijmegen Netherlands. Photo courtesy of Jim Labbe
- 33. A Third Way of Providing Tree Roots with Adequate Soil Volume Under Pavement Photo probably ripped off the Silva Cell website by Brian Wegener
- 34. Why these materials? Proprietary mix versus mixed by contractor
- 35. Mixing Structural Soil Photo Source: www.greelysand.com/cu-soil.html
- 36. Olympia Soil Recipe 4 cubic yards Crushed Rock ¾”-1¼” + 1 cubic yard Loam/organic topsoil + 1 pound Soil Binder “Stabilizer” + 46 gallons water__________ Makes 4.6 cubic yards Structural Soil
- 37. Structural Soil Costs - Olympia “The price to supply, deliver and install the structural soil material per cubic yard ranged from $19 to $85 with an average bid of $42, the median price was $39.50. The city paid $24 per cubic yard for the structural soil material to the low bidder. This compare to a price quote we received for the supply of CU structural soil at $65 per cubic yard plus delivery. The source was over an hour’s drive away and delivery charges were $85 per hr with a truck and trailer hauling 22 cubic yard. The expected cost delivered was $72 per cubic yard.” Excerpted from “Structural Soil Demonstration Project” http://olympiawa.gov/~/media/Files/CPD/Urban%20Forestry/Forms/StructuralSoil.as hx Source: City of Olympia -Structural Soil Demonstration Project
- 38. Why these materials? Amended native soil Amended native soil versus faster draining “3-way” mix
- 39. Why these materials? Trees Trees versus only shrubs &/or groundcover: • Interception & evaporation • Evapotranspiration • Heat island effect
- 40. Why these materials? Wheel stops Wheel stops versus curbs
- 41. Why these materials? Crushed rock ¼”x 10 crushed rock versus rounded rock or pavers
- 42. Siting Criteria • Site is suitable for infiltration • Non-expansive soils • Soils should infiltrate at least 0.2 inches/hour*. Clay soils are OK! *Based on 2ft of structural soil, 25% void ratio, facility empty in 30 hours to be ready for the next Type IA storm
- 43. PCC Sylvania Lot 10 Drainage Area Parking Lot 1919 sf Sidewalk 754 sf <50% Grass HSG C 615 sf Woods, Good HSG C 2815 sf 6103 sf 6133 sf
- 44. PCC Sylvania Lot 10 in Plan
- 45. The Parking Forest Retrofit at PCC Sylvania Lot 10 Ignore the piles of dirt. They’re gone.
- 46. Design Differences at PCC Sylvania Lot 10 Installed an impervious liner adjacent to impervious asphalt Stakeholders chose a native conifer Left most of the parking lot unmodified/ impervious
- 47. Water quality and quantity monitoring
- 48. Design Differences at PCC Sylvania Lot 10 Straight headin parking Just trees Donated “old school” solid bottom wheel stops = not ideal
- 49. Erosive forces are an issue at PCC
- 50. Non-attentive forces are an issue at PCC
- 51. Thank You! Partners Who Donated In-Kind Services/Products Alder Geotechnical Services
- 52. Siting Criteria at PCC • Site is suitable for infiltration • Non-expansive soils • Soils should infiltrate at least 0.2 inches/hour*. Clay soils are OK! *Based on 2ft of structural soil, 25% void ratio, facility empty in 30 hours to be ready for the next Type IA storm
- 53. More Information www.parkingforest.org • • • • • • • • • • Partners Benefits Design Criteria Specifications Plans & Details Monitoring & Adaptive Management Photo Galleries Additional Resources Press Frequently Asked Questions
Notas do Editor
- Silva Cells are an commercially produced support structure made of plastic for under pavement. The matrix is filled with a soil mix appropriate for trees. Silva cells have an advantage over structural soils in that 92% of the volume can be filled with planting medium, compared to something on the order of 22% for structural soils.