A016 revised the transition from school to work of young adults with disabilities in occupational rehabilitation

1. Young adults with disabilities in transition from
school to work
RI-World Congress 2016
Education and training
October, 25th
Nancy Reims
Brigitte Schels

2. Occupational Rehabilitation of Young People with Disabilities
2

3. (special) school
•often no schooling
degree
•rehabilitation
counselling (Federal
Employment Agency) 1
year before the end of
school
occupational
rehabilitation (OR)
•Psychological/medical
reports to assess OR
eligibility and needs
during OR
vocational training
•different special training
institutions:
vocational training
centres; centres for the
rehabilitation of people
with psychological
disability etc.
labour market
integration
•1st/2nd labour market
•non-integration
Occupational Rehabilitation (OR) of young people in
Germany
3
Importance of certificates when accessing the German labour market
Occupational rehabilitation (OR): ensure first labour market integration for
young people with disabilities or health problems
Main disabilities: learning, mental and psychological disability
 Research questions:
Are there different career patterns in school-to-work-transition of
school graduates who take part in OR?
Which factors determine the different career types?

4. Data Set
4

5. Reha-Process Data Panel: full sample of rehabilitants in
first integration
5
Longitudinal data on
the participation in
reha-specific
programmes
Longitudinal data on the
acceptance of the rehabilitation
status
„Reha-Process Data Panel“
Longitudinal data on the
participation in general
pogrammes
„Integrated Employment
Biographies“ (IEB)
Individual information on
employment
Longitudinal data on
unemployment and job-
search
Longitudinal data on
receipt of basic income
support
Longitudinal data on
unemployment benefit
receipt
Rehabilitation-specific information (since June 2006)
General employment biographies
Process information:
e.g.Type of disability,
transition information
when completing OR
Youth counselling data:
special schools; school
duration

6. Reha-Process Data Panel: longitudinal life course data
6
t
Past school/
employment
biographies
OR programmes:
preparation/training
/subsidies
Events
following
employment
biographies
Recognition
sociodemographics; type of
disability; regional vocational
training market structure;
reasons for completing OR;
continual information on
labour market status
Medical/psychological
report
no information on:
Extent of health restriction;
occupational capabilities;
subjective (health) measures
Acceptance
RegisterData

7. Method & sample
7
Sample (10% random sample of the full data set); N = 1,364
young people in OR who finished lower or medium secondary schooling
in 2008 and took part in vocational counselling in the same year
follow-up starting at the end of schooling for 66 months/5.5 years (July
2008 until December 2013)
Method
sequence analysis (optimal matching analysis, indel 1, substitution 2)
using the ward-clustering method to identify typical patterns of
trajectories
11 different states: unemployment, marginal and standard employment,
preparation measures, voc. training measures: in-company training
(subsidised & unsubsidised), external-company training, sheltered
employment, job creation measures, other measures, no information

8. Results: six rather than seven cluster solution
8

9. vocational training clusters (1-3)
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The classic: preparation plus
company-external vocational
training (n = 618; 45%)
Company-internal training
w/o wage subsidies: long
training; successful
transition (n = 100; 7%)
Company-internal training
incl. wage subsidies: high
employment share (n = 102;
7%)

10. no vocational training clusters (4-6)
10
Sheltered Workshops:
secondary labour market
(n = 126; 9%)
Unemployed/programme
careers: Vocational
preparation, no training, long
unemployment periods
(n = 247; 18%)
The invisible: gaps, no
employment transition
(n = 171; 13%)

11. Characterizing the clusters…
11
…using multinomial logits (reference: classic)
Dependent variables: 6 clusters
Independent variables: sex, age, education, type of disability, regional
structure in terms of vocational training market (2008), reason for
completing OR (transition to employment, sickness, lack of
cooperation etc.), labour market status before rehabilitation, poverty
in the household (before rehabilitation)

12. Company-internal training incl. wage subsidies:
Learning disability, completing rehabilitation due to
employment, male
Company-internal training without wage subsidies:
<17 years, „highest“ schooling degree
The classic: Learning disability, less reha completion due
to sickness
Second labour market: Mental/learning disabilities
Unemployed/programme career: coming from poverty
households
The invisible: Female, psychological/mental disability;
more often reha completion due to sickness
Characterizing the clusters
12

13. Discussion & outlook
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 A large share of young people with disabilities and health restrictions take-
up vocational training (about 60%) and employment afterwards; even
company-internal training is used (14%)
 Identification of two problematic types of trajectories in the transition from
school to work (31%): invisible – psychological/mental issues &
unemployment/programme career – coming from poverty households
 Measuring outcome using the clusters: quality of employment (duration,
occupational position, individual income/poverty measure etc.); general
further employment biography
 Adding 2014 to the analysis (labour market transition) + cohort comparison
with graduates of 2009
 Looking at a whole school graduates cohort: Comparison of rehabilitation
with non-rehabilitation school graduates

14. www.iab.de
Thank you for your attention!
Dr. Nancy Reims
Joblessness and Social Inclusion
Institute for Employment Research
nancy.reims@iab.de
+49-911-179-2824
The project is financed by the German Federal Ministry of Labour
and Social Affairs

15. www.iab.de
Backup

16. Research on young people with disabilities entering the
labour market
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Beyersdorf/Rauch 2012: biography of young persons in OR entering the
labour market; using survey data & sequence analysis; 6 types of
rehabilitation processes (preparation (classic), lagged preparation (classic),
fit for vocational training (in-company training 2x), health problems, insecure
(unempl.), other activities (gap))
Reims, Tisch & Tophoven, 2016: rising share of psychological disabilities in
rehabilitation and rising use of preparation programmes; selection into
different types of training programmes is associated to the type of disability
and labour market integration is associated with the type of programme
visited

17. Dendogram
Titel der Folie 17

18. Determining the number of Clusters: 6
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