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Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape of Hopewell Big Woods, PA

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Marcellus Drilling News
Marcellus Drilling News

A report commissioned by several towns in southeastern Pennsylvania that attempts to make the case against a natural gas pipeline--the Commonwealth Pipeline--from running through the area. Construction of the Commonwealth is suspended indefinitely and a final route was never charted, let alone through the area identified in the report, which is titled, "Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape." The report is so light on facts that one of the towns that requested it wants to see it expanded, to put "meat on the bones." Lots of pretty pictures though!

Notícias e políticaTecnologiaNegócios
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Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape Prepared for: East Nantmeal Township, North Coventry Township, South Coventry Township, Union Township, Warwick Township, West Vincent Township By: French & Pickering Creeks Conservation Trust, Green Valleys Association, Natural Lands Trust May 2013
Hopewell Big Woods
At a joint public meeting of the Boards of East Nantmeal, North Coventry, South Coventry, Union, Warwick, and West Vincent Townships on February 20, 2013, the Supervisors requested a report summarizing the important natural, cultural, and recreational resources of the Hopewell Big Woods. The report was also to include a discussion of the potential impacts of the proposed Commonwealth Pipeline corridor that may pass through the Hopewell Big Woods landscape. We are pleased to present that report as an informational resource for the Township governing bodies. As the details contained in the following pages indicate, the Hopewell Big Woods is a globally- significant landscape that provides a wide variety of important ecological, economic, and quality of life benefits for local communities and beyond. Given the volume of study and planning that has been conducted in the Hopewell Big Woods, a comprehensive report of what is known would be unwieldy. Therefore, we have chosen to highlight only the most important and pertinent information. As non-profit organizations that have worked in the Hopewell Big Woods landscape for decades and active participants in the formation of the Hopewell Big Woods partnership in 2001, we are particularly committed to protecting the ecological integrity of the area. As always, our interest is in seeking a balanced approach to conservation and economic development that minimizes negative impacts on the most important resources. Nothing in this report should be interpreted as an official statement of position by our respective organizations regarding the proposed Commonwealth Pipeline or any other energy transmission corridor. Nor should it be considered an endorsement of the positions or actions of the Townships to which the report is being provided. Rather, it is a summary of our collective knowledge about the Hopewell Big Woods and of the potential impacts of natural gas pipeline developments that pass through it. Molly K. Morrison President, Natural Lands Trust Victoria Laubach Executive Director, Green Valleys Association D. Andrew Pitz Executive Director, French & Pickering Creeks Conservation Trust
Bobcats inhabit the Hopewell Big Woods
Table of Contents I. About the Hopewell Big Woods ..................................................................1 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods II. Land .............................................................................................................................3 III. Water............................................................................................................................6 IV. Wildlife......................................................................................................................8 V. Recreation..............................................................................................................11 VI. Historic....................................................................................................................14 VII. Applicable Federal Regulations, Designations, and Assets.........16 VIII. State and Local Investments and Plans................................................19 IX. Potential Impacts of Energy Transmission Corridor Development....................................................................................21 X. Impacts of the Proposed Commonwealth Pipeline.................................................................................23 Maps Map 1: Hopewell Big Woods Location.....................................................................................................................1 Map 2: Public and Protected Lands...........................................................................................................................5 Map 3: Hydrologic Features.........................................................................................................................................7 Map 4: Important Bird and Mammal Areas............................................................................................................9 Map 5: Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Inventory Sites...................................................................................10 Map 6: Recreation Resources...................................................................................................................................13 Map 7: Historic Resources..........................................................................................................................................15 Maps 8–12: Maps 2–7 with Proposed Pipeline.........................................................................................24–29 Appendices Appendix A: Bird Species Observed in the Hay Creek/French Creek Important Bird Area............30 Appendix B: Bird Species Observed in the Glen Morgan Lake Important Bird Area........................32 Appendix C: Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Inventory Sites....................................................................33 Appendix D: Sites Listed on the National Register of Historic Places...................................................35 Appendix E: Other Historic Districts and Sites...............................................................................................37
The intact forest of the Hopewell Big Woods includes sugar maples
1 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 IThe largest remaining contiguous forest in southeastern Pennsylvania, the Hopewell Big Woods has been recognized as one of the most important natural areas in the region. The 73,000-acre landscape spans portions of northern Chester and southern Berks Counties. About Delaw are Susqu ehanna u ehanna Rive r a 476 78 276 295 95 95 NJ Tur np ik eAC E xpre 80 380 476 81 81 84 81 81 80 76 83 Norristown Media Coatesville Doylestown Wilmington PHILADELPHIA Allentown Reading Pottstown West Chester Quakertown Lansdale Scranton Wilkes Barre Hazelton Milford Port Jervis Carbondale Stroudsburg Lehighton g York Lancaster Montrose Bloomsburg DE P E N N S Y L V A N I A E W Y O R K N E W J E R S E Y N D Hopewell Big Woods The intact forest here provides valuable wildlife habitat for a variety of species, including Federally-listed endangered species, migrating neotropical songbirds, and native mammal species that have largely been pushed out of the extended Philadelphia area by suburban development. The forests also contribute to a
2 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 significant number of Exceptional Value and High Quality watersheds. After two national conservation organizations identified the Hopewell Big Woods as an important conservation priority in 2001, a broad public-private partnership formed to encourage conservation of additional open space, protect high quality waters, encourage compatible economic development, and promote awareness of the many recreational opportunities in the landscape. Today, the Hopewell Big Woods partnership consists of 47 federal, county, state and local officials, non-profit conservation organizations, and concerned citizens. More than 24,000 acres of the Hopewell Big Woods are set aside as publicly-owned or privately-preserved open spaces. Nearly half of the 28,000 acres of contiguous forest contained within the landscape has been preserved to date. Tens-of-millions of dollars in federal, state, county, local, and private investments have been made in the preservation of land in the Hopewell Big Woods. Millions more have been spent on responsible natural resource management, park development, historic preservation, trail creation, and promotion of the area as a recreation and tourism destination. The area has also been the subject of considerable study and planning to ensure the most efficient and effective use of conservation, recreation, and restoration funds. Hopewell Big Woods makes substantial economic contributions to the region. A 2010 study of the economic value of open space in the Philadelphia region found that the Hopewell Big Woods contributes $47 million annually in environmental benefits such as clean water, stormwater control, and carbon sequestration. The study also found that homes within a quarter-mile of the Hopewell Big Woods are worth an average of $8,270 more because of their proximity to the conservation area. Birdsboro Waters
3 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 IIImportant Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods: Land The single most distinguishing characteristic of the Hopewell Big Woods is its contiguous forest. At approximately 28,000 acres, it is the largest unbroken forest habitat area between New York City and Washington, D.C. The woodland here was identified as a globally-significant natural area based on a study by The Nature Conservancy and World Wildlife Fund in 2001. Highlights • The Hopewell Big Woods is part of the federally-designated Highlands, a 3.5 million-acre area of forested mountains and hills that stretches across Connecticut, New York, New Jersey and southeastern Pennsylvania. • There are more than 24,000 acres of public and protected lands in the Hopewell Big Woods. Of those, 12,630 are in the contiguous forest area. • The Hopewell Big Woods is known to contain one globally significant plant species, the Bog bluegrass (Poa paludigena), which the PA Natural Heritage program classifies as ‘globally rare’(G3). • Field surveys have indicated the presence of state designated plant species including nodding trillium (Trillium cernuum), a state imperiled species. • Hopewell Big Woods is home to Pine Swamp, a biologically-rich acidic broadleaf swamp that is considered an imperiled natural community with fewer than one hundred such communities remaining in the world. St. Peter’s Village
4 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Nodding trillium Pink lady’s slipper orchid public and protected lands in the hopewell big woods property size (acres) responsible entity Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site 848 National Park Service French Creek State Park 7730 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, DCNR PA State Game Lands #43 2000 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Game Commission Warwick County Park 648 County of Chester Birdsboro Waters 1800 Birdsboro Municipal Authority Coventry Woods 600 North Coventry Township Woody’s Woods 200 South Coventry Township Crow’s Nest Preserve 612 Natural Lands Trust Welkinweir 197 Green Valleys Association Other non-profit protected lands 5820 Berks Conservancy, French & Pickering Creeks Conservation Trust, Hay Creek Watershed Association, Natural Lands Trust
5 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Birdsboro Waters FrenchCreek StatePark Hopewell Furnace NHS Crow's Nest Preserve Coventry Woods Woody's Woods Warwick CountyPark SGL#43 SGL#43 SGL #43 SGL#52 Pine Creek Welkinweir 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY CHESTER CO U NTY BERK S CO UN TY CHESTER COUNTY MONTGOMERY COUNTY LANCASTER COUNTY BERKS CO UNTY BERKSCOUNTY MONTGOMERYCOUNTY Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 MilesHOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) BerksandChesterCounties,Pennsylvania CompiledBy:MEB04/17/13 HopewellBigWoods CountyBoundaries MunicipalityBoundaries Towns Waterways PublicandProtectedLands AgEasement ConservationEasement ConservationFeeSimple County Federal Municipal State HOAProtectedOpenSpace PublicandProtectedLands 1.2008AerialPhotography,roadways,countyboundariesfrom PAMAP,DCNR. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.
6 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 The principle watersheds in the Hopewell Big Woods are French Creek, Hay Creek, Sixpenny Creek, Angelica Creek, and Pigeon Creek. Highlights • Over 71% of the watersheds in the Hopewell BigWoods are designated as either Exceptional Value (EV)1 or High Quality (HQ)2 ; together they make up an intact region of healthy watersheds that is unique in Southeastern PA and notable at the state level. • The 81 square miles of EV and HQ watersheds in the Hopewell Big Woods are subject to federal and state protections under the Clean Water Act of 1972. • The watersheds of the Hopewell Big Woods are part of the Schuylkill River Watershed which provides drinking water to 1.5 million people in eastern Pennsylvania, most of whom live in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. • These watersheds provide a variety of ecosystem services including“water filtration and storage, air filtration, carbon storage nutrient cycling, soil formation, recreation, food, and timber.”3 A study by the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission and GreenSpace Alliance valued these services at $47 million annually.4 1 HQ is a Pennsylvania term equivalent to the federal designation of “Tier 2”; 2 EV is a Pennsylvania term equivalent to the federal des- ignation of “Tier 3”; 3 http://www.lcbp.org/PDFs/2012economic_benefits_factsheet2.pdf; 4 Return on Environment, Economic Value of Protected Open Space in Southeastern Pennsylvania, 2011 French Creek, Crow’s Nest Preserve IIIImportant Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods: Water
7 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 Miller C reek CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY C HESTER C OU NTY B ER KS CO UN TYLAN CASTER C O UNTY BER KS C O UNTY Alle ghenyCreek Monocacy Creek FrenchCreek Marsh Creek Sleepy Hollow Run S cotts R un Rock R un ConestogaRiver EastBranchConestogaRiver Pine Creek EastBranchBrandywineCreek Sixpenn y Creek WestBranch C on estoga River SeidelCreek Manat aw ny Creek Sprogels Run HayCreek PickeringCreek PigeonCreek AngelicaCreek SanatogaCreek IndianCornCreek BrookeEvansCreek LyonsRun Poss um HollowRun LittleConestoga SouthBranchFrenchCreek BeaverRun B eaverRun StonyRun Birch Run SchuylkillRiver Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 MilesHOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) BerksandChesterCounties,Pennsylvania CompiledBy:MEB03/22/13 HopewellBigWoods CountyBoundaries Towns Waterways 100-yearFloodplains NationalWetlandInventory WatershedClassifications CWF(ColdWaterFisheries) EV EV/CWF EV/HQ HQ HQ/CWF HydrologicFeatures 1.Floodplains(100-year)fromFEMA. 2.WetlandsfromtheNationalWetlandInventory. 3.RoadwaysandwaterwaysfromPAMAP,DCNR. 4.WatershedsclassifiedbasedonChapter93Designated Streams. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.
8 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 The large blocks of interior forest in the Hopewell Big Woods provide essential and increasingly rare habitat for a variety of wildlife species, including two Federally-listed endangered species, migrating neotropical songbirds, and a wealth of native mammals. Highlights • The Hopewell Big Woods supports two species protected by the Endangered Species Act (ESA): Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) which is listed as Endangered, and the Bog Turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) which is listed as Threatened.1 The Hopewell Big Woods supports the most significant populations of Bog Turtles in southeastern Pennsylvania. • The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania recognizes Jefferson salamander (Ambystoma jeffersonianum), and spadefoot toad (Scaphiopus holbrookii) as rare species. Both are found in Hopewell Big Woods. • Portions of the Hopewell Big Woods have been designated as the Hay Creek/French Creek and Glen Morgan Lake Important Bird Areas (IBAs) by Audubon due to their exceptional diversity of birdlife and the presence of many species that are regionally rare. At least 170 species have been recorded here, including large numbers of forest interior bird species and some in steep decline, such as the Cerulean Warbler and the Kentucky Warbler. (For a complete list of bird species spotted in the IBAs, see the Appendix.) • The Pennsylvania Important Mammals Areas Project has designated the Hopewell Big Woods Important Mammal Area in recognition of its status as the largest network of remaining forest habitat for mammals in the Piedmont region of southeastern Pennsylvania. At least 45 of the 62 native mammal species in Pennsylvania inhabit the landscape, including American mink, river otter, bobcat and gray fox.2 • The Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Inventory lists 28 sites of importance in the landscape (for a full list, see Appendix). 1 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Information Planning and Conservation System; 2 http://www.landincommon.org/files/Layout_3_1_.pdf Threatened bog turtle IVImportant Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods: Wildlife
9 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 GlenMorgan LakeIBA HopewellBigWoodsIMAand HayCreek/FrenchCreek ForestBlockIBA GreatMarshIBA CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY CHESTER C OU NTY BERKS CO UNTYLA NCA STER CO U NTY BERKS C OU NTY Alle ghenyCreek Monocacy Creek FrenchCreek Marsh Creek S leepy Hollow R un Scotts R un Rock Run ConestogaRiver EastBranchConestogaRiver PineCreek EastBranchBrandywineCreek Sixpenn y Creek WestBranch Con estoga R iver SeidelCreek M anat awnyCreek Sprogels Run HayCreek PickeringCreek PigeonCreek AngelicaCreek SanatogaCreek IndianCornCreek BrookeEvansCreek LyonsRun Poss um HollowRun LittleConestoga SouthBranchFrenchCreek BeaverRun BeaverRun StonyRun B irch R un Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 MilesHOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) BerksandChesterCounties,Pennsylvania CompiledBy:MEB04/17/13 HopewellBigWoods CountyBoundaries Towns Waterways ImportantBirdAreas ImportantBird&MammalAreas ImportantBirdandMammalAreas 1.ImportantBirdAreasfromPAAudubonSociety. 2.ImportantMammalAreasfromEnvironmentalResources ResearchInstituteofPennsylvaniaStateUniversity. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.
10 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY C HESTER C OU NTY B ER KS CO UN TYLAN CASTER C O UNTY BER KS C O UNTY Alle ghenyCreek Monocacy Creek FrenchCreek Marsh Creek Sleepy Hollow Run S cotts R un Rock R un ConestogaRiver EastBranchConestogaRiver Pine Creek EastBranchBrandywineCreek Sixpenn y Creek WestBranch C on estoga River SeidelCreek Manat aw ny Creek Sprogels Run HayCreek PickeringCreek PigeonCreek AngelicaCreek SanatogaCreek IndianCornCreek BrookeEvansCreek LyonsRun Poss um HollowRun LittleConestoga SouthBranchFrenchCreek BeaverRun B eaverRun StonyRun Birch Run Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 MilesHOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) BerksandChesterCounties,Pennsylvania CompiledBy:MEB03/22/13 HopewellBigWoods CountyBoundaries Towns Waterways NHICoreHabitat NHISupportingLandscape PANaturalHeritageInventory 1.NHICoreandSupportingdatafromPANaturalHeritageProgram. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.
11 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 The vast natural resources of the Hopewell Big Woods offer a host of outdoor recreation opportunities. The parks, preserves, trails, and waters are popular for hiking, cycling, fishing, hunting, camping, rock climbing, horseback riding, birding, and more. The landscape’s proximity to the Philadelphia metropolitan area makes it a particularly valuable recreational resource for the region’s more than six million residents. Highlights • French Creek State Park is both the centerpiece of the contiguous forest here and the most popular recreational destination. The two lakes, 35 miles of trails, and more than 200 camping sites attract an average of 850,000 visitors each year. • More than 116 miles of trails traverse the landscape. The Schuylkill River, Horse-Shoe, French Creek, and still-developing Boars Back Trails not only provide hiking opportunities within the Hopewell Big Woods, they are part of a regional trail network that extends to Center City Philadelphia and beyond. • Public open spaces such as Coventry Woods, Warwick County Park, Birdsboro Waters, and Crow’s Nest Preserve offer extensive trail networks. VImportant Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods: Recreation • The Schuylkill River Water Trail­—which stretches from Pottsville to Philadelphia— passes along the northern edge of the Hopewell Big Woods and provides several public access points for kayak and canoe enthusiasts.
12 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 • Bicycling is a very popular activity in the landscape—from road biking on the area’s scenic roads, to mountain biking in French Creek State Park and Birdsboro Waters. The area hosts tour events such as the French Creek Iron Tour. Bike Pottstown provides free bike rentals for use on the Schuylkill River Trail and in surrounding areas. • More than 8,000 acres of public land in the area are open to hunting. • The lakes and pristine streams of the Hopewell Big Woods provide excellent fishing opportunities. For example, French Creek is one of the most popular destinations in southeastern Pennsylvania for trout fishing, and is stocked each year with rainbow and brown trout. • Birdsboro Waters contains a popular collection of sport climbing routes. These 100+ routes vary in level and difficulty for beginner and advanced climbers. • Recreational activity in the Hopewell Big Woods has spurred the creation and growth of local businesses. St. Peter’s Village, listed on the National Register of Historic Resources, is a late-nineteenth century mining town that has been redeveloped and is now home to an inn, restaurant, café, and other amenities that attract recreationalists and tourists.
13 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Birdsboro Waters FrenchCreek StatePark Hopewell Furnace NHS Crow's Nest Preserve Coventry Woods Woody's Woods Warwick CountyPark SGL#43SGL#43 SGL #43 SGL#52 Pine Creek Welkinweir 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY CH ESTER CO UN TY B ER KS CO U NTY CHESTER COUNTY MONTGOMERY COUNTY LANCASTER CO UNTY BERKS COUNTY BERKS COUNTY MONTGOMERY COUNTY A llegheny Creek Monocacy Creek FrenchCreek Marsh Creek Sleepy Hollow Run AlleghenyCreek Scotts R un Rock Run ConestogaRiver EastBranchConestogaRiver PineCreek Black HorseCreek EastBranchBrandywineCreekSixpennyCreek WestBranch C onest oga River SeidelCreek Manatawny Cre ek Sprogels Run H ayCreek PickeringCreek PigeonCreek Angelica Creek IndianCornCreek SanatogaCreek Broo ke EvansCreek LyonsRun Possu m HollowRun LittleConestogaSouthBranchFrenchCreek BeaverRun BeaverRun StonyRun Birch Run SchuylkillRiver Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 MilesHOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) BerksandChesterCounties,PennsylvaniaCompiledBy:MEB04/17/13 HopewellBigWoods CountyBoundaries Towns OpenTrail ProposedTrail SchuylkillRiverWaterTrail Waterways PublicOpenSpace ConservationFeeSimple County Federal Municipal State RecreationResources 1.TrailsfromDCNRandNaturalLandsTrust. 2.PublicopenspacefromDCNR,ChesterCounty,andBerks County. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.
14 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Hopewell Big Woods has a rich history, linked in large part to the presence of an iron industry that played an important role in the Revolutionary War and the early industrialization of the Philadelphia area. The expansive forest was an essential renewable resource needed to help make charcoal to fuel the furnaces where iron was made. Highlights • The Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site is located near the center of the Hopewell Big Woods. It offers interpretation and educational programs about the early iron production at the site. Approximately 70,000 residents and tourists visit Hopewell Furnace each year and visitorship increased 19% in 2012. • The Schuylkill River National and State Heritage Area was designated by Congress in 2000 to celebrate its“unique contribution to the cultural, political, and industrial development of the United States.”1 A significant portion of the Heritage Area is located within the Hopewell Big Woods. • There are at least 35 sites in the Hopewell Big Woods that are listed on the National Register of Historical Places.2 These include VIImportant Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods: Historic diverse sites such as the St. Peter’s Historic District (the largest and most complete Victorian village on the Register), the John Knauer House and Mill, the Welkinweir estate, and the Joanna and Warwick Furnaces. • An additional 138 historic sites and local historic districts are contained within the Hopewell Big Woods. (See the appendix for a detailed list of relevant historic resources.) • A series of Iron and Steel Heritage Tours have been developed by the National Park Service and local non-profit partners to build tourism and highlight the vital role that these industries played in the development of the United States. The“Forging Freedom” tour centers on the furnaces and related historic sites within the Hopewell Big Woods. 1 Schuylkill River Valley National Heritage Area Act, 2000; 2 National Park Service data, http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/Download.html Hopewell Village
15 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY CHESTER COUNTY BERKS COUNTY CHESTER COUNTY MONTGOMERY COUNTY LANCASTER CO UNTY BERKS COUNTY BERKS COUNTY MONTGOMERY COUNTY Alle ghenyCreek Monocacy Creek FrenchCreek Marsh Creek Sleepy H ollow Run Scotts R un Rock R un ConestogaRiver EastBranchConestogaRiver PineCreek EastBranchBrandywineCreek Sixpenn y Creek WestBranch C on estoga River SeidelCreek M anat aw ny Creek Sprogels Run HayCreek PickeringCreek PigeonCreek AngelicaCreek IndianCornCreek SanatogaCreek BrookeEvansCreek LyonsRun Possu m HollowRun LittleConestoga SouthBranchFrenchCreek BeaverRun BeaverRun StonyRun Birch Run Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 MilesHOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) BerksandChesterCounties,PennsylvaniaCompiledBy:MEB04/17/13 HistoricResources 1.HistoricalresourcesfromBerksCounty,ChesterCounty,and theNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc. HopewellBigWoods Towns CountyBoundaries Waterways NationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces HistoricSites HistoricDistricts HopewellFurnaceNationalHistoricSite SchuylkillRiverValleyNationalHeritageArea
16 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Federal Laws Applicable to the Landscape Endangered Species Act As noted previously, the Hopewell Big Woods contains two species covered by the Endangered Species Act (ESA): Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) which is listed as Endangered, and the Bog Turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) which is listed as Threatened.1 The purpose of the ESA is to protect and recover imperiled species and the ecosystems upon which they depend. Under the ESA, species may be listed as either endangered or threatened. “Endangered”means a species is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.“Threatened”means a species is likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future.2 The ESA makes it unlawful for a person to take a listed animal without a permit. Take is defined as “to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect or attempt to engage in any such conduct.”“Harm”may include significant habitat modification or degradation where it actually kills or injures wildlife by significantly impairing essential behavioral patterns, including breeding, feeding, or sheltering.”3 Clean Water Act Seventy-one percent of the watersheds in the Hopewell Big Woods are protected by provisions of the Clean Water Act. The watersheds are designated as: Exceptional Value (Tier 3) Watersheds Federal policy provides that EV (Tier 3) designation maintains and protects water quality in Outstanding National Resource Waters (ONRWs). Pennsylvania regulations add several additional pathways under which a surface water may be designated EV. Except for certain temporary changes, water quality cannot be lowered in EV waters. High Quality (Tier 2) Watersheds Federal HQ (Tier 2) designation maintains and protects“high quality”waters—water bodies where existing conditions are better than necessary to support CWA § 101(a)(2)“fishable/ swimmable”uses. Water quality can be lowered in such waters. However, State programs identify procedures that must be followed and questions that must be answered before a reduction in water quality can be allowed. In no case may water quality be lowered to a level which would interfere with existing or designated uses. VII Applicable Federal Laws, Designations, and Assets
17 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 National Historic Preservation Act There are a minimum of 38 sites within the Hopewell Big Woods that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. When Congress passed the National Historic Preservation Act, it established the National Register of Historic Places to document and protect districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects significant in American history. Section 106 of the NHPA requires all Federal agencies, including the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, to take into account, prior to authorizing an undertaking, the effect of the undertaking on cultural resources listed or eligible for the National Register. The agency must also afford the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation an opportunity to comment on the undertaking.4 Highlands Conservation Act The Highlands Conservation Act was established “to recognize the importance of the water, forest, agricultural, wildlife, recreational, and cultural resources of the Highlands region, and the national significance of the Highlands region to the United States.” Schuylkill River Valley National Heritage Area Act The Act established the Schuylkill River National and State Heritage Area in 2000. “The purposes of this Act are (1) to foster a close working relationship with all levels of government, the private sector, and the local communities in the Schuylkill River Valley of southeastern Pennsylvania and enable the communities to conserve their heritage while continuing to pursue economic opportunities; and, (2) to conserve, interpret, and develop the historical, cultural, natural, and recreational resources related to the industrial and cultural heritage of the Schuylkill River Valley of southeastern Pennsylvania.”5 1 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Information Planning and Conservation System; 2 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, http://www.fws.gov/ endangered/laws-policies/index.html; 3 Ibid; 4 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, “Guidelines for Reporting on Cultural Resources Investigations for Pipeline Projects,” December 2002; 5 Schuylkill River Valley National Heritage Area Act, 2000 Hopewell Big Woods is a critical element of the Pennsylvania portion of the 3.2 million-acre Highlands region.
18 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Federal Assets, Designated Areas, and Investments Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site A federally-owned, 848-acre historic site dedicated to preserving and interpreting a Revolution-era iron furnace. Schuylkill River National & State Heritage Area A National Heritage Area is a place designated by the United States Congress where natural, cultural, historic and recreational resources combine to form a cohesive, nationally distinctive landscape. The Schuylkill River received this designation from Congress in 2000. Forest Legacy Grants, USDA A $300,000 Forest Legacy program grant helped to preserve the Birdsboro Waters property. Highlands Conservation Act grants In 2010, $646,666 in Highlands Conservation Act funding was allocated to land preservation in the Hopewell Big Woods. Land and Water Conservation Fund Grants $3,187,810 in grants from the Land and Water Conservation Fund have been used to preserve land and water resources and enhance recreational assets in the landscape. The above listing is intended to provide a representation of the scope of federal issues related to the Hopewell Big Woods. Therefore, it includes some laws and designations that may have no direct bearing on federal permitting of natural gas pipelines or other form of energy transmission corridor. There may be additional federal regulations that are applicable to transmission corridor siting. Municipalities and landowners are encouraged to seek qualified legal counsel before pursuing appeals or legal action in relation to land and water conservation fund grants project grant amount Daniel Boone Homestead 233,611 French Creek State Park 1,997,340 South Birdsboro Park 15,664 French Creek, West Vincent Township 272,155 Coventry Woods addition 59,040 Warwick Township Land Acquisition 610,000 TOTAL 3,187,810
19 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 State, County, and Local Investments The Hopewell Big Woods has been the focus of more than $63 million in state, county, and local investments in open space conservation, agricultural preservation, and park and trail improvements. Typically, these public grants leverage substantial private donations from landowners as well as individual and institutional donors. Highlights • The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has provided grants in excess of $8 million to preserve more than 3,200 acres of natural areas and parklands.1 • From 2004 to 2011, Chester County granted $6.2 million to land trusts and municipal governments to preserve open space and develop parks and trails.2 • During the same time period, Chester County invested $4.8 million in farmland preservation in the landscape.3 • Five municipalities located in the Hopewell Big Woods have established voter-approved open space funding programs worth a total of $44 million. On average, the associated ballot measures passed by a 2 to 1 margin.4 Relevant Plans Over the past decade, the Hopewell Big Woods has been the subject of extensive study and planning by public agencies and non-profit organizations. Federal, state, county and local studies have identified dozens of high priority land and water resources in the landscape. More than a dozen plans have been developed to set priorities for land conservation, natural resource management and restoration, recreational asset improvement, and compatible economic development. The Hopewell Big Woods and areas within are highlighted as priorities in several plans. VIIIState and Local Investments and Plans
20 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Highlights • Schuylkill Highlands Greenway Plan (2012) • Schuylkill Highlands Compatible Economic Development Plan (2012) • Hopewell Big Woods Monitoring, Evaluation, and Adaptive Management Plan (2011) • Hopewell Big Woods Trails and Recreation Concept Plan (2009) • Natural Resource Inventory and Management Recommendations for French Creek State Park (2008) • Hopewell Big Woods Landscape Stewardship Plan (2006) • Hopewell Big Woods Landscape Protection Plan (2006) • Coventry Woods Conservation and Stewardship Plan (2004) • Hopewell Big Woods Landscape Conservation Plan (2003) • Pennsylvania Outdoor Recreation Plan, 2009–2013 • Chester County Landscapes 2 • Chester County Watersheds Plan • Berks County Greenway Plan • Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Plan 2012, The Federation of Northern Chester County Communities 1 Interactive grants map, PA Dept. of Conservation and Natural Resources (http://www.gis.dcnr.state.pa.us/brc/grantprojectsmap. html); 2 County of Chester Open Space Program; 3 Ibid; 4 landvote.org Crow’s Nest Preserve Trails and Recreation Concept Plan October 2009 Hopewell Big Woods Monitoring, Evaluation, and Adaptive Management Plan December 2011
21 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Transmission corridor development can pose significant threats to the health and integrity of natural areas­—particularly forests. According to the“Pennsylvania Energy Impacts Assessment” conducted by The Nature Conservancy in 2012, “pipeline rights-of-way often create a significant and permanent fragmenting feature through natural habitats.” The primary negative impacts of pipeline construction and rights-of-way include: Disturbance of Habitat for Endangered Species Construction and permanent rights-of-way can disturb breeding and feeding habitat for endangered species and create unsafe conditions along travel corridors. Underground pipelines can impact groundwater flow and thus negatively affect species that depend upon springs and high water tables for habitat. Forest fragmentation Each mile of a 100-foot right-of-way directly disturbs 528,000 square feet or approximately 12 acres and creates an additional 72 acres of new forest edge. New forest edge deprives interior forest species, such as black-throated blue warblers, salamanders, and many woodland flowers, of the habitat conditions that only deep forest environments can provide.1 Core forest Edge forest 300' New right-of-way Core forest Edge forest Rights-of-way in contiguous forests reduce core forest habitat and create new edge habitat. IX Potential Impacts of Energy Transmission Corridor Development
22 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Erosion and Sedimentation Extensive soil disturbance during construction can increase the risk of erosion and sedimentation if controls are not carefully designed and implemented. Risks are particularly high on steep slopes, near water bodies, and during heavy rains. Stream and wetland crossings can cause erosion and sedimentation that degrades water quality downstream.“Open cut”crossings – in which a trench is dug across the stream – pose a particular risk of significant erosion and increased sedimentation.”2 Invasive Species Dispersion Invasive plant species can out-compete native plant species leading to loss of critical breeding and feeding resources for wildlife. Pipeline construction activities can spread invasive plant seeds from one site to another where the plant had not been introduced previously. The forest openings created by permanent rights-of-way create ideal conditions for the spread of invasive plants. Unauthorized ATV Activity Natural gas pipeline corridors have proven to be attractive to ATV riders and unauthorized use is a common challenge. Noise from ATVs has the potential to cause wildlife to avoid the area. In addition, ATVs can spread invasive plant species. New edge areas created by rights-of-way provide ideal conditions for the spread of invasive plants. 1 Natural Gas Pipelines, Excerpt from Report 2 of the Pennsylvania Energy Impacts Assessment, 2011; 2 Ibid
23 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Based on the available maps of the proposed Commonwealth Pipeline, the new right-of-way has the potential to negatively impact the Hopewell Big Woods. Potential impacts include: Disturbance of Habitat for the Threatened Bog Turtle The Hopewell Big Woods supports the most significant populations of the federally listed Bog Turtle in southeastern Pennsylvania. Construction and maintenance of permanent rights-of-way in the landscape has the potential to seriously degrade essential breeding habitat and travel corridors for the species. Fragmentation of the Unbroken Forest The unfragmented forests are the most important natural resource feature of the Hopewell Big Woods. The Hopewell Big Woods Landscape Conservation Plan (2003) notes,“Because internal roads, other rights-of-way and included open areas have the potential of increasing the amount of transition or‘edge’habitat, internal roads, fragmenting roads, utility rights-of-way and open area need to be minimized to maximize forest health. Erosion and Sedimentation in HQ and EV Watersheds The pipeline as proposed would make 18 crossings of HQ and EV streams creating the potential for degradation of water quality through increased erosion and sedimentation. Invasive Plant Dispersion Invasive species are one of the most serious threats to natural habitats in southeastern Pennsylvania. Land managers spend a great deal of their time working to limit the introduction of invasive species into areas where they were not previously present. As noted above, however, both the pipeline construction process and the permanent right-of-way present opportunities for the spread of invasive species into new areas of the Hopewell Big Woods. Disturbance to Protected Lands The proposed path for the Commonwealth Pipeline, as currently known, would bisect protected lands including Coventry Woods, Woody’s Woods, Warwick County Park, and private lands protected by conservation easements. The impact on natural resources present on these properties will vary depending on the land cover and water resources present. Coventry Woods, Woody’s Woods, Warwick County Park, and other wooded properties would suffer the fragmentation effects noted above.Wetlands and other water resources—protection of which is an important purpose of conservation activity— may be degraded by erosion and sedimentation. X Impacts of the Proposed Commonwealth Pipeline
24 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Birdsboro Waters FrenchCreek StatePark Hopewell Furnace NHS Crow's Nest Preserve Coventry Woods Woody's Woods Warwick CountyPark SGL#43 SGL#43 SGL #43 SGL#52 Pine Creek Welkinweir 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY CHESTER CO U NTY BERK S CO UN TY CHESTER COUNTY MONTGOMERY COUNTY LANCASTER COUNTY BERKS CO UNTY BERKSCOUNTY MONTGOMERYCOUNTY Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 Miles BerksandChesterCounties,PennsylvaniaCompiledBy:MEB04/17/13 HopewellBigWoods CountyBoundaries MunicipalityBoundaries Towns ProposedPipeline Waterways PublicandProtectedLands AgEasement ConservationEasement ConservationFeeSimple County Federal Municipal State HOAProtectedOpenSpace PublicandProtectedLands 1.2008AerialPhotography,roadways,countyboundariesfrom PAMAP,DCNR. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc. HOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) POTENTIALCOMMONWEALTHPIPELINEALIGNMENT
25 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 Miller C reek CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY C HESTER C OU NTY B ER KS CO UN TYLAN CASTER C O UNTY BER KS C O UNTY Alle ghenyCreek Monocacy Creek FrenchCreek Marsh Creek Sleepy Hollow Run S cotts R un Rock R un ConestogaRiver EastBranchConestogaRiver Pine Creek EastBranchBrandywineCreek Sixpenn y Creek WestBranch C on estoga River SeidelCreek Manat aw ny Creek Sprogels Run HayCreek PickeringCreek PigeonCreek AngelicaCreek SanatogaCreek IndianCornCreek BrookeEvansCreek LyonsRun Poss um HollowRun LittleConestoga SouthBranchFrenchCreek BeaverRun B eaverRun StonyRun Birch Run SchuylkillRiver Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 Miles HOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) POTENTIALCOMMONWEALTHPIPELINEALIGNMENT BerksandChesterCounties,PennsylvaniaCompiledBy:MEB03/21/13 HopewellBigWoods CountyBoundaries Towns ProposedPipeline Waterways 100-yearFloodplains NationalWetlandInventory WatershedClassifications CWF(ColdWaterFisheries) EV EV/CWF EV/HQ HQ HQ/CWF HydrologicFeatures 1.Floodplains(100-year)fromFEMA. 2.WetlandsfromtheNationalWetlandInventory. 3.RoadwaysandwaterwaysfromPAMAP,DCNR. 4.WatershedsclassifiedbasedonChapter93Designated Streams. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.
26 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 GlenMorgan LakeIBA HopewellBigWoodsIMAand HayCreek/FrenchCreek ForestBlockIBA GreatMarshIBA CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY CHESTER C OU NTY BERKS CO UNTYLA NCA STER CO U NTY BERKS C OU NTY Alle ghenyCreek Monocacy Creek FrenchCreek Marsh Creek S leepy Hollow R un Scotts R un Rock Run ConestogaRiver EastBranchConestogaRiver PineCreek EastBranchBrandywineCreek Sixpenn y Creek WestBranch Con estoga R iver SeidelCreek M anat awnyCreek Sprogels Run HayCreek PickeringCreek PigeonCreek AngelicaCreek SanatogaCreek IndianCornCreek BrookeEvansCreek LyonsRun Poss um HollowRun LittleConestoga SouthBranchFrenchCreek BeaverRun BeaverRun StonyRun B irch R un Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 Miles BerksandChesterCounties,Pennsylvania CompiledBy:MEB04/17/13 HopewellBigWoods CountyBoundaries Towns Waterways ProposedPipeline ImportantBirdAreas ImportantBird&MammalAreas ImportantBirdandMammalAreas 1.ImportantBirdAreasfromPAAudubonSociety. 2.ImportantMammalAreasfromEnvironmentalResources ResearchInstituteofPennsylvaniaStateUniversity. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc. HOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) POTENTIALCOMMONWEALTHPIPELINEALIGNMENT
27 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY C HESTER C OU NTY B ER KS CO UN TYLAN CASTER C O UNTY BER KS C O UNTY Alle ghenyCreek Monocacy Creek FrenchCreek Marsh Creek Sleepy Hollow Run S cotts R un Rock R un ConestogaRiver EastBranchConestogaRiver Pine Creek EastBranchBrandywineCreek Sixpenn y Creek WestBranch C on estoga River SeidelCreek Manat aw ny Creek Sprogels Run HayCreek PickeringCreek PigeonCreek AngelicaCreek SanatogaCreek IndianCornCreek BrookeEvansCreek LyonsRun Poss um HollowRun LittleConestoga SouthBranchFrenchCreek BeaverRun B eaverRun StonyRun Birch Run Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 Miles HOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) POTENTIALCOMMONWEALTHPIPELINEALIGNMENT BerksandChesterCounties,PennsylvaniaCompiledBy:MEB03/22/13 HopewellBigWoods CountyBoundaries Towns Waterways ProposedPipeline NHICoreHabitat NHISupportingLandscape PANaturalHeritageInventory 1.NHICoreandSupportingdatafromPANaturalHeritageProgram. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.
28 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Birdsboro Waters FrenchCreek StatePark Hopewell Furnace NHS Crow's Nest Preserve Coventry Woods Woody's Woods Warwick CountyPark SGL#43SGL#43 SGL #43 SGL#52 Pine Creek Welkinweir 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY CH ESTER CO UN TY B ER KS CO U NTY CHESTER COUNTY MONTGOMERY COUNTY LANCASTER CO UNTY BERKS COUNTY BERKS COUNTY MONTGOMERY COUNTY A llegheny Creek Monocacy Creek FrenchCreek Marsh Creek Sleepy Hollow Run AlleghenyCreek Scotts R un Rock Run ConestogaRiver EastBranchConestogaRiver PineCreek Black HorseCreek EastBranchBrandywineCreekSixpennyCreek WestBranch C onest oga River SeidelCreek Manatawny Cre ek Sprogels Run H ayCreek PickeringCreek PigeonCreek Angelica Creek IndianCornCreek SanatogaCreek Broo ke EvansCreek LyonsRun Possu m HollowRun LittleConestogaSouthBranchFrenchCreek BeaverRun BeaverRun StonyRun Birch Run SchuylkillRiver Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 Miles BerksandChesterCounties,PennsylvaniaCompiledBy:MEB04/17/13 HopewellBigWoods CountyBoundaries ProposedPipeline Towns OpenTrail ProposedTrail SchuylkillRiverWaterTrail Waterways PublicOpenSpace ConservationFeeSimple County Federal Municipal State RecreationResources 1.TrailsfromDCNRandNaturalLandsTrust. 2.PublicopenspacefromDCNR,ChesterCounty,andBerks County. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc. HOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) POTENTIALCOMMONWEALTHPIPELINEALIGNMENT
29 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY CHESTER C OU NTY BERKS CO UNTYLA NCA STER CO U NTY BERKS C OU NTY Alle ghenyCreek Monocacy Creek FrenchCreek Marsh Creek Sleepy Hollow R un Scotts Run Rock Run ConestogaRiver EastBranchConestogaRiver PineCreek EastBranchBrandywineCreek Sixpenn yCreek WestBranchCon estoga River SeidelCreek M anat awnyCreek Sprogels Run HayCreek PickeringCreek PigeonCreek AngelicaCreek SanatogaCreek IndianCornCreek BrookeEvansCreek LyonsRun Poss um HollowRun LittleConestoga SouthBranchFrenchCreek BeaverRun BeaverRun StonyRun Birch R un Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 Miles BerksandChesterCounties,Pennsylvania CompiledBy:MEB04/17/13 HistoricalResources 1.HistoricalresourcesfromBerksCounty,ChesterCounty,and theNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc. HopewellBigWoods Towns CountyBoundaries ProposedPipeline Waterways NationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces HistoricSites HistoricDistricts HopewellFurnaceNationalHistoricSite SchuylkillRiverValleyNationalHeritageArea HOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) POTENTIALCOMMONWEALTHPIPELINEALIGNMENT
30 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Bird species observed in the Hay Creek/French Creek Important Bird Area Source: eBird, April 10, 2013 Acadian Flycatcher American Black Duck American Coot American Crow American Goldfinch American Kestrel American Redstart American Robin American Tree Sparrow American Wigeon American Woodcock Bald Eagle Baltimore Oriole Bank Swallow Barn Swallow Barred Owl Belted Kingfisher Black Vulture Black-and-white Warbler Black-billed Cuckoo Blackburnian Warbler Black-capped Chickadee Blackpoll Warbler Black-throated Blue Warbler Black-throated Green Warbler Blue Jay Blue-gray Gnatcatcher AAppendix A Blue-headed Vireo Blue-winged Warbler Broad-winged Hawk Brown Creeper Brown Thrasher Brown-headed Cowbird Bufflehead Canada Goose Canada Warbler Canvasback Cape May Warbler Carolina Chickadee Carolina Wren Carolina/Black-capped Chickadee Cedar Waxwing Cerulean Warbler Chestnut-sided Warbler Chimney Swift Chipping Sparrow Cliff Swallow Common Goldeneye Common Grackle Common Loon Common Merganser Common Raven Common Yellowthroat Cooper’s Hawk Dark-eyed Junco Double-crested Cormorant Downy Woodpecker Eastern Bluebird Eastern Kingbird Eastern Meadowlark Eastern Phoebe Eastern Screech-Owl Eastern Towhee Eastern Wood-Pewee European Starling Field Sparrow Fish Crow Fox Sparrow Gadwall Golden-crowned Kinglet Grasshopper Sparrow Gray Catbird Gray-cheeked Thrush Great Blue Heron Great Crested Flycatcher Great Egret Great Horned Owl Greater Scaup Greater/Lesser Scaup Green Heron Green-winged Teal
31 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Hairy Woodpecker Hermit Thrush Herring Gull Hooded Merganser Hooded Warbler Horned Grebe House Finch House Sparrow House Wren Indigo Bunting Kentucky Warbler Killdeer Least Flycatcher Lesser Scaup Louisiana Waterthrush Magnolia Warbler Mallard Merlin Mourning Dove Mute Swan Nashville Warbler Northern Bobwhite Northern Cardinal Northern Flicker Northern Harrier Northern Mockingbird Northern Parula Northern Pintail Northern Rough-winged Swallow Northern Shoveler Northern Waterthrush Orchard Oriole Osprey Ovenbird Palm Warbler Pied-billed Grebe Pileated Woodpecker Pine Siskin Pine Warbler Prairie Warbler Purple Finch Purple Martin Red-bellied Woodpecker Red-breasted Nuthatch Red-eyed Vireo Red-headed Woodpecker Red-shouldered Hawk Red-tailed Hawk Red-winged Blackbird Ring-billed Gull Ring-necked Duck Ring-necked Pheasant Rock Pigeon Rose-breasted Grosbeak Ruby-crowned Kinglet Ruby-throated Hummingbird Ruddy Duck Ruffed Grouse Rufous Hummingbird Rusty Blackbird Savannah Sparrow Scarlet Tanager Sharp-shinned Hawk Short-eared Owl Snow Goose Solitary Sandpiper Song Sparrow Spotted Sandpiper Swainson’s Thrush Swamp Sparrow Tennessee Warbler Tree Swallow Tufted Titmouse Tundra Swan Turkey Vulture Veery Warbling Vireo White-breasted Nuthatch White-crowned Sparrow White-eyed Vireo White-throated Sparrow Wild Turkey Willow Flycatcher Wilson’s Snipe Winter Wren Wood Duck Wood Thrush Worm-eating Warbler Yellow Warbler Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Yellow-billed Cuckoo Yellow-breasted Chat Yellow-rumped Warbler Yellow-throated Vireo Yellow-throated Warbler
32 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Bird species observed in the Glen Morgan Lake Important Bird Area Source: eBird, April 10, 2013 American Crow American Goldfinch American Redstart American Robin Bald Eagle Barn Swallow Black-and-white Warbler Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Brown-headed Cowbird Canada Goose Canvasback Chimney Swift Chipping Sparrow Common Grackle Cooper’s Hawk Double-crested Cormorant Eastern Kingbird European Starling Gray Catbird BAppendix B Great Blue Heron Mallard Mourning Dove Northern Cardinal Northern Flicker Northern Mockingbird Osprey Pied-billed Grebe Pileated Woodpecker Red-eyed Vireo Redhead Red-winged Blackbird Ruddy Duck Song Sparrow Tree Swallow Wood Duck Yellow Warbler Yellow-rumped Warbler
33 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 CAppendix c PNHI Rank Site Name Listed Resources 1 Warwick County Park Seeps Supports populations of one plant species of concern Supports one animal species of concern 2 Pine Swamp Red maple-black ash palustrine forest Acidic broadleaf swamp natural communities Supports 11 plant species of concern Supports two animal species of concern 3 Conestoga River Watershed An animal species of concern found in 2000 Plant species of concern occurs in SGL 52 Beaver Run/Hay Creek Watershed Supports several plant species of concern Supports several animal species of concern 4 Hay Creek Plant species of concern High-quality Coldwater Fishery Birdsboro Seeps Fair-quality population of a plant species of concern Warwick Seeps Fair to good quality Circumneutral Seepage Swamp community 5 Trythall Road Wetlands A plant species of concern Trythall Woods Circumneutral Seeps natural community Sportsman Club Small populations of two plant species of concern CONTINUED Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Inventory Sites Source: The Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program Inventories, 1991, 1994, 2000, 2003, 2008
34 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 PNHI Rank Site Name Listed Resources 5 Dorrance Estate Small populations of two plant species of concern Rock Run Thicket Small population of a tree species of concern Hopewell Lake Swale Small population of a plant species of concern Sixpenny Creek Plant species of concern High-quality Coldwater Fishery French Creek A good population of an aquatic plant species of concern PA Scenic River High Local Significance Conestoga River Headwaters A diversity of habitats Habitat for a species of concern French Creek High-quality Coldwater Fishery Warwick County Park Floodplain Forest and Seeps Mature trees, seepage wetlands St. Peter's Woods Talus slope woodland community French Creek Falls Potential for rare species Low Local Significance Cold Run Seeps Fairly mature woodland Open space for wildlife Water source for Cold Run Series of small springs emanating from a NW facing slope Unknown Nantmeal Powerline The site is listed but contains no further information South Branch French Creek The site is listed but contains no further information Unionville Creek Large forested tract adjacent to French Creek State Park Rock Church Swamp Large wetland of local significance Waterfowl and amphibian breeding habitat Sixpenny Lake High-quality Coldwater Fishery Plant species of concern French Creek/Pine Swamp Does not contain information as to why it is listed South Branch French Creek Does not contain information as to why it is listed
35 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 DAppendix D Sites Listed on the National Register of Historic Places Source: National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, April 2013 Site Municipality County Birchrunville General Store Birchrunville Chester Birchrunville Historic District Birchrunville Chester St. Michael’s Protestant Episcopal Church, Parish House and Rectory Birdsboro Berks Nathan Michener House Bucktown Chester Stephen Meredith House Bucktown Chester Hall’s Bridge Chester Springs Chester Coventryville Coventry Hall Chester Robert Rookey House Downingtown Chester Welkinweir East Nantmeal Chester Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site Elverson Berks Lahr Farm Elverson Chester St. Mary’s Episcopal Church Elverson Chester Thomas Bull House Elverson Chester CONTINUED
36 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Site Municipality County Warwick Mills Elverson Chester Geiger Mill Geigertown Berks Thompson Mill Gibraltar Berks Hockley Mill Farm Glen Moore Chester John Knauer House and Mill Knauertown Chester Warrenpoint Knauertown Chester Warwick Furnace/Farms Knauertown Chester French Creek State Park: Six Penny Day Use District Morgantown Berks Joanna Furnace Complex Morgantown Berks Pottstown Landing Historic District North Coventry Chester Jacob Winings House and Clover Mill Phoenixville Chester Coventryville Historic District Pottstown Chester Simon Meredith House Pughtown Chester Townsend House Pughtown Chester French Creek State Park: Organized Group Camp 4 District Reading Berks Vincent Forge Mansion Spring City Chester St. Peter’s Village Historic District St. Peters Chester Nicholas East House Valley Forge Chester Brower’s Bridge Warwick Chester Reading Furnace Historic District Warwick Chester Philip Rogers House Warwick Township Chester West Vincent Highlands Historic District West Vincent Township Chester
37 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Other Historic Districts and Sites Source: Berks County, Chester County Site Municipality County Alice Focht United Methodist Church Birdsboro Berks Birdsboro Iron Industry Birdsboro Berks Brooklyn Birdsboro Berks Charles & Margaret Layland Prope Birdsboro Berks Chel Donia Weiler Property Birdsboro Berks Cora Handwork Property Birdsboro Berks Edward Brooke II Mansion Birdsboro Berks E.G. Brooke Iron Co. Birdsboro Berks F. M. Brown Mill Birdsboro Berks Friendship Fire Co. Birdsboro Berks Gristmill Birdsboro Berks Hay Creek Aquaduct Birdsboro Berks IOOF Lodge Hall Birdsboro Berks John Hook House Birdsboro Berks Levi Focht House Birdsboro Berks EAppendix E CONTINUED
38 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Site Municipality County Lincoln Focht House Birdsboro Berks Lockhouse Birdsboro Berks Marian Millard Property Birdsboro Berks Mercantile Building Birdsboro Berks Mexico Historic District Birdsboro Berks Mill Street Workers Houses Birdsboro Berks Railroad Depots Birdsboro Berks Schuylkill Navigation Lock Birdsboro Berks Texas Historic District Birdsboro Berks William Bird Mansion Birdsboro Berks Williams Farm Birdsboro Berks Graveyard Caernarvon Berks Harmony Church Caernarvon Berks Paul Dovin Property Caernarvon Berks Camp Sankanac East Vincent Township Chester E.G. Brooke Co. #3 Exeter Berks Seidels Steam Forge Exeter Berks Jacob Geiss Farmstead North Coventry Township Chester Shaner’s Bakery North Coventry Township Chester Bethel Evangelical Church Robeson Berks Bethlehem Steel Property Robeson Berks Birdsboro Robeson Berks Blanche Steinmetz Property Robeson Berks Brown Slow and Sure Plantation Robeson Berks Buck Hollow Road House Robeson Berks C. Gollub School Robeson Berks C. Hyback Property Robeson Berks CONTINUED
39 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Site Municipality County Canal Hotel Robeson Berks Charles Hamilton Property Robeson Berks Colomcille Log House Robeson Berks Daniel Siegfried Gun Factory Robeson Berks David Hoffman Property Robeson Berks Do Well Forge #1 Robeson Berks Elizabeth Scathard Property Robeson Berks Eugene Burkhart Property Robeson Berks F. M. Weaver Foundry Robeson Berks Fanny Fry Property Robeson Berks Friends Meeting House Robeson Berks Gieger Gristmill Robeson Berks Graveyard Robeson Berks Graveyard Robeson Berks Griffith Tilt Forge Robeson Berks H. Keinard Property Robeson Berks Hampton Forge/Hampton Furnace Robeson Berks Harold Kurtz Property Robeson Berks Haycreek Forge Robeson Berks Irvin Kocher Property Robeson Berks Joanna Heights Camp Meeting Robeson Berks John Koch Property Robeson Berks Lottie Detorre Property Robeson Berks Moore Forge Robeson Berks Murray House Robeson Berks Plow Hotel Robeson Berks Plow School Robeson Berks CONTINUED
40 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Site Municipality County Robert Redzig Property Robeson Berks Scarlet’s Forge Robeson Berks Scarlet’s Gristmill Robeson Berks Schoolhouse Robeson Berks Schuylkill Canal Aqueduct Robeson Berks Seideltown School Robeson Berks Shields Property Robeson Berks St. John’s United Church of Christ Robeson Berks White Bear Tavern Robeson Berks W. R. Updike Property Robeson Berks Leah Young House South Coventry Township Chester Pughtown Village Historic District South Coventry Township Chester Black Bear Tavern Union Berks Black Mats Schoolhouse Union Berks Brower Farm Union Berks Brower Store / Post Office Union Berks Browerstown Village Union Berks Civil War Era Foundry Union Berks Clinton Forge Union Berks Flannery’s Tavern Union Berks Geiger Farm Union Berks Geigers Mill / Geigertown Union Berks Geigertown Hotel Union Berks Graveyard Union Berks Graveyard Union Berks Hahn Home Union Berks Hotel / Store / Post Office Union Berks CONTINUED
41 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 CONTINUED Site Municipality County J. Keslo Farm Union Berks John & Dorothy Ratkis Property Union Berks Jones Farm Union Berks Kerlin Property Union Berks Kerst Farm Union Berks Michael Lynch House Union Berks Miller Farm Union Berks Miller House Union Berks Moch Farm Union Berks Monocacy Furnace Union Berks Monocacy Methodist Church Union Berks Mt. Airy Schoolhouse Union Berks Mt. Airy Village Union Berks Mullen Farm Union Berks Port Union Canal Store Union Berks R. Jones Farm Union Berks Reifsnyder Home Union Berks Root Farm Union Berks Schuylkill Canal Warehouse Union Berks Six Penny Bridge Union Berks Sixpenny Forge Union Berks St. Frisby AME Church Union Berks St. Frisby Graveyard Union Berks St. James Evanglical Lutheran Church Union Berks St. Michael’s Cemetary & Church Union Berks St. Paul’s Methodist Episcopal Church Union Berks St. Paul’s Mission Roman Catholic Church Union Berks
42 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Site Municipality County Sycamore Farm Union Berks Unionville Aquaduct Union Berks Unionville Hotel Union Berks Valentine Boyer Tract Union Berks Wamsher Farm Union Berks Warehouse Dock Boat Building Union Berks Wenger’s Mill Union Berks William Kerlin’s Gun Barrel Shop Union Berks Christopher Knauer House & Inn Warwick Township Chester Davis Knauer House (House No. 4) Warwick Township Chester Johann Christopher Knauer House Warwick Township Chester North Warwick Historic & Archeological District Warwick Township Chester Toll House-Bennett Warwick Township Chester George & Phoebe Hipple House West Vincent Township Chester John Mackey Residence West Vincent Township Chester
Hopewell Big Woods
PHOTO CREDITS Cover: B. Mark Schmerling Page a1/Inside Front Cover: Jim Thorne Page a4: istockphoto.com/John Pitcher Page a6: Jim Thorne Page 2: Mark Binder Page 3: Tom Carroll Page 4 (left): Denis Manchon Page 4 (right): Dan Barringer Page 6: Bill Moses Page 8: Jim White Page 11: Mark Binder Page 12 (left): Pam Brown Page 12 (right): Tom Carroll Page 14: Tom Carroll Page 20: Bill Moses Page 21: David Steckel Page 43: Jim Thorne
Natural Lands Trust Hildacy Farm Preserve, 1031 Palmers Mill Road, Media, PA 19063 610-353-5640 | www.natlands.org French & Pickering Creeks Conservation Trust 511 Kimberton Road, Phoenixville, PA 19460 610-933-7577 | www.frenchandpickering.org Green Valleys Association 1368 Prizer Road, Pottstown, PA 19465 610-469-4900 | www.greenvalleys.org Natural Lands Trust GREEN VALLEYS ASSOCIATION AT WELKINWEIR
Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape of Hopewell Big Woods, PA

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Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape of Hopewell Big Woods, PA

  • 1. Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape Prepared for: East Nantmeal Township, North Coventry Township, South Coventry Township, Union Township, Warwick Township, West Vincent Township By: French & Pickering Creeks Conservation Trust, Green Valleys Association, Natural Lands Trust May 2013
  • 3. At a joint public meeting of the Boards of East Nantmeal, North Coventry, South Coventry, Union, Warwick, and West Vincent Townships on February 20, 2013, the Supervisors requested a report summarizing the important natural, cultural, and recreational resources of the Hopewell Big Woods. The report was also to include a discussion of the potential impacts of the proposed Commonwealth Pipeline corridor that may pass through the Hopewell Big Woods landscape. We are pleased to present that report as an informational resource for the Township governing bodies. As the details contained in the following pages indicate, the Hopewell Big Woods is a globally- significant landscape that provides a wide variety of important ecological, economic, and quality of life benefits for local communities and beyond. Given the volume of study and planning that has been conducted in the Hopewell Big Woods, a comprehensive report of what is known would be unwieldy. Therefore, we have chosen to highlight only the most important and pertinent information. As non-profit organizations that have worked in the Hopewell Big Woods landscape for decades and active participants in the formation of the Hopewell Big Woods partnership in 2001, we are particularly committed to protecting the ecological integrity of the area. As always, our interest is in seeking a balanced approach to conservation and economic development that minimizes negative impacts on the most important resources. Nothing in this report should be interpreted as an official statement of position by our respective organizations regarding the proposed Commonwealth Pipeline or any other energy transmission corridor. Nor should it be considered an endorsement of the positions or actions of the Townships to which the report is being provided. Rather, it is a summary of our collective knowledge about the Hopewell Big Woods and of the potential impacts of natural gas pipeline developments that pass through it. Molly K. Morrison President, Natural Lands Trust Victoria Laubach Executive Director, Green Valleys Association D. Andrew Pitz Executive Director, French & Pickering Creeks Conservation Trust
  • 4. Bobcats inhabit the Hopewell Big Woods
  • 5. Table of Contents I. About the Hopewell Big Woods ..................................................................1 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods II. Land .............................................................................................................................3 III. Water............................................................................................................................6 IV. Wildlife......................................................................................................................8 V. Recreation..............................................................................................................11 VI. Historic....................................................................................................................14 VII. Applicable Federal Regulations, Designations, and Assets.........16 VIII. State and Local Investments and Plans................................................19 IX. Potential Impacts of Energy Transmission Corridor Development....................................................................................21 X. Impacts of the Proposed Commonwealth Pipeline.................................................................................23 Maps Map 1: Hopewell Big Woods Location.....................................................................................................................1 Map 2: Public and Protected Lands...........................................................................................................................5 Map 3: Hydrologic Features.........................................................................................................................................7 Map 4: Important Bird and Mammal Areas............................................................................................................9 Map 5: Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Inventory Sites...................................................................................10 Map 6: Recreation Resources...................................................................................................................................13 Map 7: Historic Resources..........................................................................................................................................15 Maps 8–12: Maps 2–7 with Proposed Pipeline.........................................................................................24–29 Appendices Appendix A: Bird Species Observed in the Hay Creek/French Creek Important Bird Area............30 Appendix B: Bird Species Observed in the Glen Morgan Lake Important Bird Area........................32 Appendix C: Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Inventory Sites....................................................................33 Appendix D: Sites Listed on the National Register of Historic Places...................................................35 Appendix E: Other Historic Districts and Sites...............................................................................................37
  • 6. The intact forest of the Hopewell Big Woods includes sugar maples
  • 7. 1 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 IThe largest remaining contiguous forest in southeastern Pennsylvania, the Hopewell Big Woods has been recognized as one of the most important natural areas in the region. The 73,000-acre landscape spans portions of northern Chester and southern Berks Counties. About Delaw are Susqu ehanna u ehanna Rive r a 476 78 276 295 95 95 NJ Tur np ik eAC E xpre 80 380 476 81 81 84 81 81 80 76 83 Norristown Media Coatesville Doylestown Wilmington PHILADELPHIA Allentown Reading Pottstown West Chester Quakertown Lansdale Scranton Wilkes Barre Hazelton Milford Port Jervis Carbondale Stroudsburg Lehighton g York Lancaster Montrose Bloomsburg DE P E N N S Y L V A N I A E W Y O R K N E W J E R S E Y N D Hopewell Big Woods The intact forest here provides valuable wildlife habitat for a variety of species, including Federally-listed endangered species, migrating neotropical songbirds, and native mammal species that have largely been pushed out of the extended Philadelphia area by suburban development. The forests also contribute to a
  • 8. 2 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 significant number of Exceptional Value and High Quality watersheds. After two national conservation organizations identified the Hopewell Big Woods as an important conservation priority in 2001, a broad public-private partnership formed to encourage conservation of additional open space, protect high quality waters, encourage compatible economic development, and promote awareness of the many recreational opportunities in the landscape. Today, the Hopewell Big Woods partnership consists of 47 federal, county, state and local officials, non-profit conservation organizations, and concerned citizens. More than 24,000 acres of the Hopewell Big Woods are set aside as publicly-owned or privately-preserved open spaces. Nearly half of the 28,000 acres of contiguous forest contained within the landscape has been preserved to date. Tens-of-millions of dollars in federal, state, county, local, and private investments have been made in the preservation of land in the Hopewell Big Woods. Millions more have been spent on responsible natural resource management, park development, historic preservation, trail creation, and promotion of the area as a recreation and tourism destination. The area has also been the subject of considerable study and planning to ensure the most efficient and effective use of conservation, recreation, and restoration funds. Hopewell Big Woods makes substantial economic contributions to the region. A 2010 study of the economic value of open space in the Philadelphia region found that the Hopewell Big Woods contributes $47 million annually in environmental benefits such as clean water, stormwater control, and carbon sequestration. The study also found that homes within a quarter-mile of the Hopewell Big Woods are worth an average of $8,270 more because of their proximity to the conservation area. Birdsboro Waters
  • 9. 3 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 IIImportant Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods: Land The single most distinguishing characteristic of the Hopewell Big Woods is its contiguous forest. At approximately 28,000 acres, it is the largest unbroken forest habitat area between New York City and Washington, D.C. The woodland here was identified as a globally-significant natural area based on a study by The Nature Conservancy and World Wildlife Fund in 2001. Highlights • The Hopewell Big Woods is part of the federally-designated Highlands, a 3.5 million-acre area of forested mountains and hills that stretches across Connecticut, New York, New Jersey and southeastern Pennsylvania. • There are more than 24,000 acres of public and protected lands in the Hopewell Big Woods. Of those, 12,630 are in the contiguous forest area. • The Hopewell Big Woods is known to contain one globally significant plant species, the Bog bluegrass (Poa paludigena), which the PA Natural Heritage program classifies as ‘globally rare’(G3). • Field surveys have indicated the presence of state designated plant species including nodding trillium (Trillium cernuum), a state imperiled species. • Hopewell Big Woods is home to Pine Swamp, a biologically-rich acidic broadleaf swamp that is considered an imperiled natural community with fewer than one hundred such communities remaining in the world. St. Peter’s Village
  • 10. 4 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Nodding trillium Pink lady’s slipper orchid public and protected lands in the hopewell big woods property size (acres) responsible entity Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site 848 National Park Service French Creek State Park 7730 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, DCNR PA State Game Lands #43 2000 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Game Commission Warwick County Park 648 County of Chester Birdsboro Waters 1800 Birdsboro Municipal Authority Coventry Woods 600 North Coventry Township Woody’s Woods 200 South Coventry Township Crow’s Nest Preserve 612 Natural Lands Trust Welkinweir 197 Green Valleys Association Other non-profit protected lands 5820 Berks Conservancy, French & Pickering Creeks Conservation Trust, Hay Creek Watershed Association, Natural Lands Trust
  • 11. 5 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Birdsboro Waters FrenchCreek StatePark Hopewell Furnace NHS Crow's Nest Preserve Coventry Woods Woody's Woods Warwick CountyPark SGL#43 SGL#43 SGL #43 SGL#52 Pine Creek Welkinweir 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY CHESTER CO U NTY BERK S CO UN TY CHESTER COUNTY MONTGOMERY COUNTY LANCASTER COUNTY BERKS CO UNTY BERKSCOUNTY MONTGOMERYCOUNTY Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 MilesHOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) BerksandChesterCounties,Pennsylvania CompiledBy:MEB04/17/13 HopewellBigWoods CountyBoundaries MunicipalityBoundaries Towns Waterways PublicandProtectedLands AgEasement ConservationEasement ConservationFeeSimple County Federal Municipal State HOAProtectedOpenSpace PublicandProtectedLands 1.2008AerialPhotography,roadways,countyboundariesfrom PAMAP,DCNR. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.
  • 12. 6 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 The principle watersheds in the Hopewell Big Woods are French Creek, Hay Creek, Sixpenny Creek, Angelica Creek, and Pigeon Creek. Highlights • Over 71% of the watersheds in the Hopewell BigWoods are designated as either Exceptional Value (EV)1 or High Quality (HQ)2 ; together they make up an intact region of healthy watersheds that is unique in Southeastern PA and notable at the state level. • The 81 square miles of EV and HQ watersheds in the Hopewell Big Woods are subject to federal and state protections under the Clean Water Act of 1972. • The watersheds of the Hopewell Big Woods are part of the Schuylkill River Watershed which provides drinking water to 1.5 million people in eastern Pennsylvania, most of whom live in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. • These watersheds provide a variety of ecosystem services including“water filtration and storage, air filtration, carbon storage nutrient cycling, soil formation, recreation, food, and timber.”3 A study by the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission and GreenSpace Alliance valued these services at $47 million annually.4 1 HQ is a Pennsylvania term equivalent to the federal designation of “Tier 2”; 2 EV is a Pennsylvania term equivalent to the federal des- ignation of “Tier 3”; 3 http://www.lcbp.org/PDFs/2012economic_benefits_factsheet2.pdf; 4 Return on Environment, Economic Value of Protected Open Space in Southeastern Pennsylvania, 2011 French Creek, Crow’s Nest Preserve IIIImportant Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods: Water
  • 13. 7 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 Miller C reek CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY C HESTER C OU NTY B ER KS CO UN TYLAN CASTER C O UNTY BER KS C O UNTY Alle ghenyCreek Monocacy Creek FrenchCreek Marsh Creek Sleepy Hollow Run S cotts R un Rock R un ConestogaRiver EastBranchConestogaRiver Pine Creek EastBranchBrandywineCreek Sixpenn y Creek WestBranch C on estoga River SeidelCreek Manat aw ny Creek Sprogels Run HayCreek PickeringCreek PigeonCreek AngelicaCreek SanatogaCreek IndianCornCreek BrookeEvansCreek LyonsRun Poss um HollowRun LittleConestoga SouthBranchFrenchCreek BeaverRun B eaverRun StonyRun Birch Run SchuylkillRiver Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 MilesHOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) BerksandChesterCounties,Pennsylvania CompiledBy:MEB03/22/13 HopewellBigWoods CountyBoundaries Towns Waterways 100-yearFloodplains NationalWetlandInventory WatershedClassifications CWF(ColdWaterFisheries) EV EV/CWF EV/HQ HQ HQ/CWF HydrologicFeatures 1.Floodplains(100-year)fromFEMA. 2.WetlandsfromtheNationalWetlandInventory. 3.RoadwaysandwaterwaysfromPAMAP,DCNR. 4.WatershedsclassifiedbasedonChapter93Designated Streams. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.
  • 14. 8 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 The large blocks of interior forest in the Hopewell Big Woods provide essential and increasingly rare habitat for a variety of wildlife species, including two Federally-listed endangered species, migrating neotropical songbirds, and a wealth of native mammals. Highlights • The Hopewell Big Woods supports two species protected by the Endangered Species Act (ESA): Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) which is listed as Endangered, and the Bog Turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) which is listed as Threatened.1 The Hopewell Big Woods supports the most significant populations of Bog Turtles in southeastern Pennsylvania. • The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania recognizes Jefferson salamander (Ambystoma jeffersonianum), and spadefoot toad (Scaphiopus holbrookii) as rare species. Both are found in Hopewell Big Woods. • Portions of the Hopewell Big Woods have been designated as the Hay Creek/French Creek and Glen Morgan Lake Important Bird Areas (IBAs) by Audubon due to their exceptional diversity of birdlife and the presence of many species that are regionally rare. At least 170 species have been recorded here, including large numbers of forest interior bird species and some in steep decline, such as the Cerulean Warbler and the Kentucky Warbler. (For a complete list of bird species spotted in the IBAs, see the Appendix.) • The Pennsylvania Important Mammals Areas Project has designated the Hopewell Big Woods Important Mammal Area in recognition of its status as the largest network of remaining forest habitat for mammals in the Piedmont region of southeastern Pennsylvania. At least 45 of the 62 native mammal species in Pennsylvania inhabit the landscape, including American mink, river otter, bobcat and gray fox.2 • The Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Inventory lists 28 sites of importance in the landscape (for a full list, see Appendix). 1 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Information Planning and Conservation System; 2 http://www.landincommon.org/files/Layout_3_1_.pdf Threatened bog turtle IVImportant Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods: Wildlife
  • 15. 9 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 GlenMorgan LakeIBA HopewellBigWoodsIMAand HayCreek/FrenchCreek ForestBlockIBA GreatMarshIBA CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY CHESTER C OU NTY BERKS CO UNTYLA NCA STER CO U NTY BERKS C OU NTY Alle ghenyCreek Monocacy Creek FrenchCreek Marsh Creek S leepy Hollow R un Scotts R un Rock Run ConestogaRiver EastBranchConestogaRiver PineCreek EastBranchBrandywineCreek Sixpenn y Creek WestBranch Con estoga R iver SeidelCreek M anat awnyCreek Sprogels Run HayCreek PickeringCreek PigeonCreek AngelicaCreek SanatogaCreek IndianCornCreek BrookeEvansCreek LyonsRun Poss um HollowRun LittleConestoga SouthBranchFrenchCreek BeaverRun BeaverRun StonyRun B irch R un Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 MilesHOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) BerksandChesterCounties,Pennsylvania CompiledBy:MEB04/17/13 HopewellBigWoods CountyBoundaries Towns Waterways ImportantBirdAreas ImportantBird&MammalAreas ImportantBirdandMammalAreas 1.ImportantBirdAreasfromPAAudubonSociety. 2.ImportantMammalAreasfromEnvironmentalResources ResearchInstituteofPennsylvaniaStateUniversity. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.
  • 16. 10 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY C HESTER C OU NTY B ER KS CO UN TYLAN CASTER C O UNTY BER KS C O UNTY Alle ghenyCreek Monocacy Creek FrenchCreek Marsh Creek Sleepy Hollow Run S cotts R un Rock R un ConestogaRiver EastBranchConestogaRiver Pine Creek EastBranchBrandywineCreek Sixpenn y Creek WestBranch C on estoga River SeidelCreek Manat aw ny Creek Sprogels Run HayCreek PickeringCreek PigeonCreek AngelicaCreek SanatogaCreek IndianCornCreek BrookeEvansCreek LyonsRun Poss um HollowRun LittleConestoga SouthBranchFrenchCreek BeaverRun B eaverRun StonyRun Birch Run Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 MilesHOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) BerksandChesterCounties,Pennsylvania CompiledBy:MEB03/22/13 HopewellBigWoods CountyBoundaries Towns Waterways NHICoreHabitat NHISupportingLandscape PANaturalHeritageInventory 1.NHICoreandSupportingdatafromPANaturalHeritageProgram. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.
  • 17. 11 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 The vast natural resources of the Hopewell Big Woods offer a host of outdoor recreation opportunities. The parks, preserves, trails, and waters are popular for hiking, cycling, fishing, hunting, camping, rock climbing, horseback riding, birding, and more. The landscape’s proximity to the Philadelphia metropolitan area makes it a particularly valuable recreational resource for the region’s more than six million residents. Highlights • French Creek State Park is both the centerpiece of the contiguous forest here and the most popular recreational destination. The two lakes, 35 miles of trails, and more than 200 camping sites attract an average of 850,000 visitors each year. • More than 116 miles of trails traverse the landscape. The Schuylkill River, Horse-Shoe, French Creek, and still-developing Boars Back Trails not only provide hiking opportunities within the Hopewell Big Woods, they are part of a regional trail network that extends to Center City Philadelphia and beyond. • Public open spaces such as Coventry Woods, Warwick County Park, Birdsboro Waters, and Crow’s Nest Preserve offer extensive trail networks. VImportant Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods: Recreation • The Schuylkill River Water Trail­—which stretches from Pottsville to Philadelphia— passes along the northern edge of the Hopewell Big Woods and provides several public access points for kayak and canoe enthusiasts.
  • 18. 12 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 • Bicycling is a very popular activity in the landscape—from road biking on the area’s scenic roads, to mountain biking in French Creek State Park and Birdsboro Waters. The area hosts tour events such as the French Creek Iron Tour. Bike Pottstown provides free bike rentals for use on the Schuylkill River Trail and in surrounding areas. • More than 8,000 acres of public land in the area are open to hunting. • The lakes and pristine streams of the Hopewell Big Woods provide excellent fishing opportunities. For example, French Creek is one of the most popular destinations in southeastern Pennsylvania for trout fishing, and is stocked each year with rainbow and brown trout. • Birdsboro Waters contains a popular collection of sport climbing routes. These 100+ routes vary in level and difficulty for beginner and advanced climbers. • Recreational activity in the Hopewell Big Woods has spurred the creation and growth of local businesses. St. Peter’s Village, listed on the National Register of Historic Resources, is a late-nineteenth century mining town that has been redeveloped and is now home to an inn, restaurant, café, and other amenities that attract recreationalists and tourists.
  • 19. 13 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Birdsboro Waters FrenchCreek StatePark Hopewell Furnace NHS Crow's Nest Preserve Coventry Woods Woody's Woods Warwick CountyPark SGL#43SGL#43 SGL #43 SGL#52 Pine Creek Welkinweir 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY CH ESTER CO UN TY B ER KS CO U NTY CHESTER COUNTY MONTGOMERY COUNTY LANCASTER CO UNTY BERKS COUNTY BERKS COUNTY MONTGOMERY COUNTY A llegheny Creek Monocacy Creek FrenchCreek Marsh Creek Sleepy Hollow Run AlleghenyCreek Scotts R un Rock Run ConestogaRiver EastBranchConestogaRiver PineCreek Black HorseCreek EastBranchBrandywineCreekSixpennyCreek WestBranch C onest oga River SeidelCreek Manatawny Cre ek Sprogels Run H ayCreek PickeringCreek PigeonCreek Angelica Creek IndianCornCreek SanatogaCreek Broo ke EvansCreek LyonsRun Possu m HollowRun LittleConestogaSouthBranchFrenchCreek BeaverRun BeaverRun StonyRun Birch Run SchuylkillRiver Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 MilesHOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) BerksandChesterCounties,PennsylvaniaCompiledBy:MEB04/17/13 HopewellBigWoods CountyBoundaries Towns OpenTrail ProposedTrail SchuylkillRiverWaterTrail Waterways PublicOpenSpace ConservationFeeSimple County Federal Municipal State RecreationResources 1.TrailsfromDCNRandNaturalLandsTrust. 2.PublicopenspacefromDCNR,ChesterCounty,andBerks County. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.
  • 20. 14 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Hopewell Big Woods has a rich history, linked in large part to the presence of an iron industry that played an important role in the Revolutionary War and the early industrialization of the Philadelphia area. The expansive forest was an essential renewable resource needed to help make charcoal to fuel the furnaces where iron was made. Highlights • The Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site is located near the center of the Hopewell Big Woods. It offers interpretation and educational programs about the early iron production at the site. Approximately 70,000 residents and tourists visit Hopewell Furnace each year and visitorship increased 19% in 2012. • The Schuylkill River National and State Heritage Area was designated by Congress in 2000 to celebrate its“unique contribution to the cultural, political, and industrial development of the United States.”1 A significant portion of the Heritage Area is located within the Hopewell Big Woods. • There are at least 35 sites in the Hopewell Big Woods that are listed on the National Register of Historical Places.2 These include VIImportant Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods: Historic diverse sites such as the St. Peter’s Historic District (the largest and most complete Victorian village on the Register), the John Knauer House and Mill, the Welkinweir estate, and the Joanna and Warwick Furnaces. • An additional 138 historic sites and local historic districts are contained within the Hopewell Big Woods. (See the appendix for a detailed list of relevant historic resources.) • A series of Iron and Steel Heritage Tours have been developed by the National Park Service and local non-profit partners to build tourism and highlight the vital role that these industries played in the development of the United States. The“Forging Freedom” tour centers on the furnaces and related historic sites within the Hopewell Big Woods. 1 Schuylkill River Valley National Heritage Area Act, 2000; 2 National Park Service data, http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/Download.html Hopewell Village
  • 21. 15 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY CHESTER COUNTY BERKS COUNTY CHESTER COUNTY MONTGOMERY COUNTY LANCASTER CO UNTY BERKS COUNTY BERKS COUNTY MONTGOMERY COUNTY Alle ghenyCreek Monocacy Creek FrenchCreek Marsh Creek Sleepy H ollow Run Scotts R un Rock R un ConestogaRiver EastBranchConestogaRiver PineCreek EastBranchBrandywineCreek Sixpenn y Creek WestBranch C on estoga River SeidelCreek M anat aw ny Creek Sprogels Run HayCreek PickeringCreek PigeonCreek AngelicaCreek IndianCornCreek SanatogaCreek BrookeEvansCreek LyonsRun Possu m HollowRun LittleConestoga SouthBranchFrenchCreek BeaverRun BeaverRun StonyRun Birch Run Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 MilesHOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) BerksandChesterCounties,PennsylvaniaCompiledBy:MEB04/17/13 HistoricResources 1.HistoricalresourcesfromBerksCounty,ChesterCounty,and theNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc. HopewellBigWoods Towns CountyBoundaries Waterways NationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces HistoricSites HistoricDistricts HopewellFurnaceNationalHistoricSite SchuylkillRiverValleyNationalHeritageArea
  • 22. 16 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Federal Laws Applicable to the Landscape Endangered Species Act As noted previously, the Hopewell Big Woods contains two species covered by the Endangered Species Act (ESA): Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) which is listed as Endangered, and the Bog Turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) which is listed as Threatened.1 The purpose of the ESA is to protect and recover imperiled species and the ecosystems upon which they depend. Under the ESA, species may be listed as either endangered or threatened. “Endangered”means a species is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.“Threatened”means a species is likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future.2 The ESA makes it unlawful for a person to take a listed animal without a permit. Take is defined as “to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect or attempt to engage in any such conduct.”“Harm”may include significant habitat modification or degradation where it actually kills or injures wildlife by significantly impairing essential behavioral patterns, including breeding, feeding, or sheltering.”3 Clean Water Act Seventy-one percent of the watersheds in the Hopewell Big Woods are protected by provisions of the Clean Water Act. The watersheds are designated as: Exceptional Value (Tier 3) Watersheds Federal policy provides that EV (Tier 3) designation maintains and protects water quality in Outstanding National Resource Waters (ONRWs). Pennsylvania regulations add several additional pathways under which a surface water may be designated EV. Except for certain temporary changes, water quality cannot be lowered in EV waters. High Quality (Tier 2) Watersheds Federal HQ (Tier 2) designation maintains and protects“high quality”waters—water bodies where existing conditions are better than necessary to support CWA § 101(a)(2)“fishable/ swimmable”uses. Water quality can be lowered in such waters. However, State programs identify procedures that must be followed and questions that must be answered before a reduction in water quality can be allowed. In no case may water quality be lowered to a level which would interfere with existing or designated uses. VII Applicable Federal Laws, Designations, and Assets
  • 23. 17 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 National Historic Preservation Act There are a minimum of 38 sites within the Hopewell Big Woods that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. When Congress passed the National Historic Preservation Act, it established the National Register of Historic Places to document and protect districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects significant in American history. Section 106 of the NHPA requires all Federal agencies, including the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, to take into account, prior to authorizing an undertaking, the effect of the undertaking on cultural resources listed or eligible for the National Register. The agency must also afford the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation an opportunity to comment on the undertaking.4 Highlands Conservation Act The Highlands Conservation Act was established “to recognize the importance of the water, forest, agricultural, wildlife, recreational, and cultural resources of the Highlands region, and the national significance of the Highlands region to the United States.” Schuylkill River Valley National Heritage Area Act The Act established the Schuylkill River National and State Heritage Area in 2000. “The purposes of this Act are (1) to foster a close working relationship with all levels of government, the private sector, and the local communities in the Schuylkill River Valley of southeastern Pennsylvania and enable the communities to conserve their heritage while continuing to pursue economic opportunities; and, (2) to conserve, interpret, and develop the historical, cultural, natural, and recreational resources related to the industrial and cultural heritage of the Schuylkill River Valley of southeastern Pennsylvania.”5 1 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Information Planning and Conservation System; 2 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, http://www.fws.gov/ endangered/laws-policies/index.html; 3 Ibid; 4 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, “Guidelines for Reporting on Cultural Resources Investigations for Pipeline Projects,” December 2002; 5 Schuylkill River Valley National Heritage Area Act, 2000 Hopewell Big Woods is a critical element of the Pennsylvania portion of the 3.2 million-acre Highlands region.
  • 24. 18 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Federal Assets, Designated Areas, and Investments Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site A federally-owned, 848-acre historic site dedicated to preserving and interpreting a Revolution-era iron furnace. Schuylkill River National & State Heritage Area A National Heritage Area is a place designated by the United States Congress where natural, cultural, historic and recreational resources combine to form a cohesive, nationally distinctive landscape. The Schuylkill River received this designation from Congress in 2000. Forest Legacy Grants, USDA A $300,000 Forest Legacy program grant helped to preserve the Birdsboro Waters property. Highlands Conservation Act grants In 2010, $646,666 in Highlands Conservation Act funding was allocated to land preservation in the Hopewell Big Woods. Land and Water Conservation Fund Grants $3,187,810 in grants from the Land and Water Conservation Fund have been used to preserve land and water resources and enhance recreational assets in the landscape. The above listing is intended to provide a representation of the scope of federal issues related to the Hopewell Big Woods. Therefore, it includes some laws and designations that may have no direct bearing on federal permitting of natural gas pipelines or other form of energy transmission corridor. There may be additional federal regulations that are applicable to transmission corridor siting. Municipalities and landowners are encouraged to seek qualified legal counsel before pursuing appeals or legal action in relation to land and water conservation fund grants project grant amount Daniel Boone Homestead 233,611 French Creek State Park 1,997,340 South Birdsboro Park 15,664 French Creek, West Vincent Township 272,155 Coventry Woods addition 59,040 Warwick Township Land Acquisition 610,000 TOTAL 3,187,810
  • 25. 19 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 State, County, and Local Investments The Hopewell Big Woods has been the focus of more than $63 million in state, county, and local investments in open space conservation, agricultural preservation, and park and trail improvements. Typically, these public grants leverage substantial private donations from landowners as well as individual and institutional donors. Highlights • The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has provided grants in excess of $8 million to preserve more than 3,200 acres of natural areas and parklands.1 • From 2004 to 2011, Chester County granted $6.2 million to land trusts and municipal governments to preserve open space and develop parks and trails.2 • During the same time period, Chester County invested $4.8 million in farmland preservation in the landscape.3 • Five municipalities located in the Hopewell Big Woods have established voter-approved open space funding programs worth a total of $44 million. On average, the associated ballot measures passed by a 2 to 1 margin.4 Relevant Plans Over the past decade, the Hopewell Big Woods has been the subject of extensive study and planning by public agencies and non-profit organizations. Federal, state, county and local studies have identified dozens of high priority land and water resources in the landscape. More than a dozen plans have been developed to set priorities for land conservation, natural resource management and restoration, recreational asset improvement, and compatible economic development. The Hopewell Big Woods and areas within are highlighted as priorities in several plans. VIIIState and Local Investments and Plans
  • 26. 20 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Highlights • Schuylkill Highlands Greenway Plan (2012) • Schuylkill Highlands Compatible Economic Development Plan (2012) • Hopewell Big Woods Monitoring, Evaluation, and Adaptive Management Plan (2011) • Hopewell Big Woods Trails and Recreation Concept Plan (2009) • Natural Resource Inventory and Management Recommendations for French Creek State Park (2008) • Hopewell Big Woods Landscape Stewardship Plan (2006) • Hopewell Big Woods Landscape Protection Plan (2006) • Coventry Woods Conservation and Stewardship Plan (2004) • Hopewell Big Woods Landscape Conservation Plan (2003) • Pennsylvania Outdoor Recreation Plan, 2009–2013 • Chester County Landscapes 2 • Chester County Watersheds Plan • Berks County Greenway Plan • Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Plan 2012, The Federation of Northern Chester County Communities 1 Interactive grants map, PA Dept. of Conservation and Natural Resources (http://www.gis.dcnr.state.pa.us/brc/grantprojectsmap. html); 2 County of Chester Open Space Program; 3 Ibid; 4 landvote.org Crow’s Nest Preserve Trails and Recreation Concept Plan October 2009 Hopewell Big Woods Monitoring, Evaluation, and Adaptive Management Plan December 2011
  • 27. 21 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Transmission corridor development can pose significant threats to the health and integrity of natural areas­—particularly forests. According to the“Pennsylvania Energy Impacts Assessment” conducted by The Nature Conservancy in 2012, “pipeline rights-of-way often create a significant and permanent fragmenting feature through natural habitats.” The primary negative impacts of pipeline construction and rights-of-way include: Disturbance of Habitat for Endangered Species Construction and permanent rights-of-way can disturb breeding and feeding habitat for endangered species and create unsafe conditions along travel corridors. Underground pipelines can impact groundwater flow and thus negatively affect species that depend upon springs and high water tables for habitat. Forest fragmentation Each mile of a 100-foot right-of-way directly disturbs 528,000 square feet or approximately 12 acres and creates an additional 72 acres of new forest edge. New forest edge deprives interior forest species, such as black-throated blue warblers, salamanders, and many woodland flowers, of the habitat conditions that only deep forest environments can provide.1 Core forest Edge forest 300' New right-of-way Core forest Edge forest Rights-of-way in contiguous forests reduce core forest habitat and create new edge habitat. IX Potential Impacts of Energy Transmission Corridor Development
  • 28. 22 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Erosion and Sedimentation Extensive soil disturbance during construction can increase the risk of erosion and sedimentation if controls are not carefully designed and implemented. Risks are particularly high on steep slopes, near water bodies, and during heavy rains. Stream and wetland crossings can cause erosion and sedimentation that degrades water quality downstream.“Open cut”crossings – in which a trench is dug across the stream – pose a particular risk of significant erosion and increased sedimentation.”2 Invasive Species Dispersion Invasive plant species can out-compete native plant species leading to loss of critical breeding and feeding resources for wildlife. Pipeline construction activities can spread invasive plant seeds from one site to another where the plant had not been introduced previously. The forest openings created by permanent rights-of-way create ideal conditions for the spread of invasive plants. Unauthorized ATV Activity Natural gas pipeline corridors have proven to be attractive to ATV riders and unauthorized use is a common challenge. Noise from ATVs has the potential to cause wildlife to avoid the area. In addition, ATVs can spread invasive plant species. New edge areas created by rights-of-way provide ideal conditions for the spread of invasive plants. 1 Natural Gas Pipelines, Excerpt from Report 2 of the Pennsylvania Energy Impacts Assessment, 2011; 2 Ibid
  • 29. 23 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Based on the available maps of the proposed Commonwealth Pipeline, the new right-of-way has the potential to negatively impact the Hopewell Big Woods. Potential impacts include: Disturbance of Habitat for the Threatened Bog Turtle The Hopewell Big Woods supports the most significant populations of the federally listed Bog Turtle in southeastern Pennsylvania. Construction and maintenance of permanent rights-of-way in the landscape has the potential to seriously degrade essential breeding habitat and travel corridors for the species. Fragmentation of the Unbroken Forest The unfragmented forests are the most important natural resource feature of the Hopewell Big Woods. The Hopewell Big Woods Landscape Conservation Plan (2003) notes,“Because internal roads, other rights-of-way and included open areas have the potential of increasing the amount of transition or‘edge’habitat, internal roads, fragmenting roads, utility rights-of-way and open area need to be minimized to maximize forest health. Erosion and Sedimentation in HQ and EV Watersheds The pipeline as proposed would make 18 crossings of HQ and EV streams creating the potential for degradation of water quality through increased erosion and sedimentation. Invasive Plant Dispersion Invasive species are one of the most serious threats to natural habitats in southeastern Pennsylvania. Land managers spend a great deal of their time working to limit the introduction of invasive species into areas where they were not previously present. As noted above, however, both the pipeline construction process and the permanent right-of-way present opportunities for the spread of invasive species into new areas of the Hopewell Big Woods. Disturbance to Protected Lands The proposed path for the Commonwealth Pipeline, as currently known, would bisect protected lands including Coventry Woods, Woody’s Woods, Warwick County Park, and private lands protected by conservation easements. The impact on natural resources present on these properties will vary depending on the land cover and water resources present. Coventry Woods, Woody’s Woods, Warwick County Park, and other wooded properties would suffer the fragmentation effects noted above.Wetlands and other water resources—protection of which is an important purpose of conservation activity— may be degraded by erosion and sedimentation. X Impacts of the Proposed Commonwealth Pipeline
  • 30. 24 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Birdsboro Waters FrenchCreek StatePark Hopewell Furnace NHS Crow's Nest Preserve Coventry Woods Woody's Woods Warwick CountyPark SGL#43 SGL#43 SGL #43 SGL#52 Pine Creek Welkinweir 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY CHESTER CO U NTY BERK S CO UN TY CHESTER COUNTY MONTGOMERY COUNTY LANCASTER COUNTY BERKS CO UNTY BERKSCOUNTY MONTGOMERYCOUNTY Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 Miles BerksandChesterCounties,PennsylvaniaCompiledBy:MEB04/17/13 HopewellBigWoods CountyBoundaries MunicipalityBoundaries Towns ProposedPipeline Waterways PublicandProtectedLands AgEasement ConservationEasement ConservationFeeSimple County Federal Municipal State HOAProtectedOpenSpace PublicandProtectedLands 1.2008AerialPhotography,roadways,countyboundariesfrom PAMAP,DCNR. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc. HOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) POTENTIALCOMMONWEALTHPIPELINEALIGNMENT
  • 31. 25 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 Miller C reek CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY C HESTER C OU NTY B ER KS CO UN TYLAN CASTER C O UNTY BER KS C O UNTY Alle ghenyCreek Monocacy Creek FrenchCreek Marsh Creek Sleepy Hollow Run S cotts R un Rock R un ConestogaRiver EastBranchConestogaRiver Pine Creek EastBranchBrandywineCreek Sixpenn y Creek WestBranch C on estoga River SeidelCreek Manat aw ny Creek Sprogels Run HayCreek PickeringCreek PigeonCreek AngelicaCreek SanatogaCreek IndianCornCreek BrookeEvansCreek LyonsRun Poss um HollowRun LittleConestoga SouthBranchFrenchCreek BeaverRun B eaverRun StonyRun Birch Run SchuylkillRiver Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 Miles HOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) POTENTIALCOMMONWEALTHPIPELINEALIGNMENT BerksandChesterCounties,PennsylvaniaCompiledBy:MEB03/21/13 HopewellBigWoods CountyBoundaries Towns ProposedPipeline Waterways 100-yearFloodplains NationalWetlandInventory WatershedClassifications CWF(ColdWaterFisheries) EV EV/CWF EV/HQ HQ HQ/CWF HydrologicFeatures 1.Floodplains(100-year)fromFEMA. 2.WetlandsfromtheNationalWetlandInventory. 3.RoadwaysandwaterwaysfromPAMAP,DCNR. 4.WatershedsclassifiedbasedonChapter93Designated Streams. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.
  • 32. 26 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 GlenMorgan LakeIBA HopewellBigWoodsIMAand HayCreek/FrenchCreek ForestBlockIBA GreatMarshIBA CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY CHESTER C OU NTY BERKS CO UNTYLA NCA STER CO U NTY BERKS C OU NTY Alle ghenyCreek Monocacy Creek FrenchCreek Marsh Creek S leepy Hollow R un Scotts R un Rock Run ConestogaRiver EastBranchConestogaRiver PineCreek EastBranchBrandywineCreek Sixpenn y Creek WestBranch Con estoga R iver SeidelCreek M anat awnyCreek Sprogels Run HayCreek PickeringCreek PigeonCreek AngelicaCreek SanatogaCreek IndianCornCreek BrookeEvansCreek LyonsRun Poss um HollowRun LittleConestoga SouthBranchFrenchCreek BeaverRun BeaverRun StonyRun B irch R un Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 Miles BerksandChesterCounties,Pennsylvania CompiledBy:MEB04/17/13 HopewellBigWoods CountyBoundaries Towns Waterways ProposedPipeline ImportantBirdAreas ImportantBird&MammalAreas ImportantBirdandMammalAreas 1.ImportantBirdAreasfromPAAudubonSociety. 2.ImportantMammalAreasfromEnvironmentalResources ResearchInstituteofPennsylvaniaStateUniversity. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc. HOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) POTENTIALCOMMONWEALTHPIPELINEALIGNMENT
  • 33. 27 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY C HESTER C OU NTY B ER KS CO UN TYLAN CASTER C O UNTY BER KS C O UNTY Alle ghenyCreek Monocacy Creek FrenchCreek Marsh Creek Sleepy Hollow Run S cotts R un Rock R un ConestogaRiver EastBranchConestogaRiver Pine Creek EastBranchBrandywineCreek Sixpenn y Creek WestBranch C on estoga River SeidelCreek Manat aw ny Creek Sprogels Run HayCreek PickeringCreek PigeonCreek AngelicaCreek SanatogaCreek IndianCornCreek BrookeEvansCreek LyonsRun Poss um HollowRun LittleConestoga SouthBranchFrenchCreek BeaverRun B eaverRun StonyRun Birch Run Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 Miles HOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) POTENTIALCOMMONWEALTHPIPELINEALIGNMENT BerksandChesterCounties,PennsylvaniaCompiledBy:MEB03/22/13 HopewellBigWoods CountyBoundaries Towns Waterways ProposedPipeline NHICoreHabitat NHISupportingLandscape PANaturalHeritageInventory 1.NHICoreandSupportingdatafromPANaturalHeritageProgram. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.
  • 34. 28 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Birdsboro Waters FrenchCreek StatePark Hopewell Furnace NHS Crow's Nest Preserve Coventry Woods Woody's Woods Warwick CountyPark SGL#43SGL#43 SGL #43 SGL#52 Pine Creek Welkinweir 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY CH ESTER CO UN TY B ER KS CO U NTY CHESTER COUNTY MONTGOMERY COUNTY LANCASTER CO UNTY BERKS COUNTY BERKS COUNTY MONTGOMERY COUNTY A llegheny Creek Monocacy Creek FrenchCreek Marsh Creek Sleepy Hollow Run AlleghenyCreek Scotts R un Rock Run ConestogaRiver EastBranchConestogaRiver PineCreek Black HorseCreek EastBranchBrandywineCreekSixpennyCreek WestBranch C onest oga River SeidelCreek Manatawny Cre ek Sprogels Run H ayCreek PickeringCreek PigeonCreek Angelica Creek IndianCornCreek SanatogaCreek Broo ke EvansCreek LyonsRun Possu m HollowRun LittleConestogaSouthBranchFrenchCreek BeaverRun BeaverRun StonyRun Birch Run SchuylkillRiver Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 Miles BerksandChesterCounties,PennsylvaniaCompiledBy:MEB04/17/13 HopewellBigWoods CountyBoundaries ProposedPipeline Towns OpenTrail ProposedTrail SchuylkillRiverWaterTrail Waterways PublicOpenSpace ConservationFeeSimple County Federal Municipal State RecreationResources 1.TrailsfromDCNRandNaturalLandsTrust. 2.PublicopenspacefromDCNR,ChesterCounty,andBerks County. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc. HOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) POTENTIALCOMMONWEALTHPIPELINEALIGNMENT
  • 35. 29 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 176 10 568 662 100 724 422 23 RidgeRoad 401 ConestogaRoad 345 176 CHESTERCOUNTY LANCASTERCOUNTY CHESTER C OU NTY BERKS CO UNTYLA NCA STER CO U NTY BERKS C OU NTY Alle ghenyCreek Monocacy Creek FrenchCreek Marsh Creek Sleepy Hollow R un Scotts Run Rock Run ConestogaRiver EastBranchConestogaRiver PineCreek EastBranchBrandywineCreek Sixpenn yCreek WestBranchCon estoga River SeidelCreek M anat awnyCreek Sprogels Run HayCreek PickeringCreek PigeonCreek AngelicaCreek SanatogaCreek IndianCornCreek BrookeEvansCreek LyonsRun Poss um HollowRun LittleConestoga SouthBranchFrenchCreek BeaverRun BeaverRun StonyRun Birch R un Pottstown Birdsboro Morgantown 021 Miles BerksandChesterCounties,Pennsylvania CompiledBy:MEB04/17/13 HistoricalResources 1.HistoricalresourcesfromBerksCounty,ChesterCounty,and theNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces. Disclaimer:Thismapisnotasurvey.Theinformationimparted withthismapismeanttoassistNaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,describe theplacementofcertainretained,reserved,orexcludedrightsand tocalculateacreagefigures.Propertyboundaries,while approximate,wereestablishedusingthebestavailableinformation, whichmayhaveincluded:surveys,taxmaps,fieldmappingusing G.P.S.,and/ororthophotos.NaturalLandsTrust,Inc.,makesno representationastotheaccuracyofsaidpropertylines(orany otherlines),andnoliabilityisassumedbyreasonofreliance thereon.Useofthismapforotherthanitsintendedpurpose requiresthewrittenconsentofNaturalLandsTrust,Inc. HopewellBigWoods Towns CountyBoundaries ProposedPipeline Waterways NationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces HistoricSites HistoricDistricts HopewellFurnaceNationalHistoricSite SchuylkillRiverValleyNationalHeritageArea HOPEWELLBIGWOODS(+/-73,200acres) POTENTIALCOMMONWEALTHPIPELINEALIGNMENT
  • 36. 30 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Bird species observed in the Hay Creek/French Creek Important Bird Area Source: eBird, April 10, 2013 Acadian Flycatcher American Black Duck American Coot American Crow American Goldfinch American Kestrel American Redstart American Robin American Tree Sparrow American Wigeon American Woodcock Bald Eagle Baltimore Oriole Bank Swallow Barn Swallow Barred Owl Belted Kingfisher Black Vulture Black-and-white Warbler Black-billed Cuckoo Blackburnian Warbler Black-capped Chickadee Blackpoll Warbler Black-throated Blue Warbler Black-throated Green Warbler Blue Jay Blue-gray Gnatcatcher AAppendix A Blue-headed Vireo Blue-winged Warbler Broad-winged Hawk Brown Creeper Brown Thrasher Brown-headed Cowbird Bufflehead Canada Goose Canada Warbler Canvasback Cape May Warbler Carolina Chickadee Carolina Wren Carolina/Black-capped Chickadee Cedar Waxwing Cerulean Warbler Chestnut-sided Warbler Chimney Swift Chipping Sparrow Cliff Swallow Common Goldeneye Common Grackle Common Loon Common Merganser Common Raven Common Yellowthroat Cooper’s Hawk Dark-eyed Junco Double-crested Cormorant Downy Woodpecker Eastern Bluebird Eastern Kingbird Eastern Meadowlark Eastern Phoebe Eastern Screech-Owl Eastern Towhee Eastern Wood-Pewee European Starling Field Sparrow Fish Crow Fox Sparrow Gadwall Golden-crowned Kinglet Grasshopper Sparrow Gray Catbird Gray-cheeked Thrush Great Blue Heron Great Crested Flycatcher Great Egret Great Horned Owl Greater Scaup Greater/Lesser Scaup Green Heron Green-winged Teal
  • 37. 31 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Hairy Woodpecker Hermit Thrush Herring Gull Hooded Merganser Hooded Warbler Horned Grebe House Finch House Sparrow House Wren Indigo Bunting Kentucky Warbler Killdeer Least Flycatcher Lesser Scaup Louisiana Waterthrush Magnolia Warbler Mallard Merlin Mourning Dove Mute Swan Nashville Warbler Northern Bobwhite Northern Cardinal Northern Flicker Northern Harrier Northern Mockingbird Northern Parula Northern Pintail Northern Rough-winged Swallow Northern Shoveler Northern Waterthrush Orchard Oriole Osprey Ovenbird Palm Warbler Pied-billed Grebe Pileated Woodpecker Pine Siskin Pine Warbler Prairie Warbler Purple Finch Purple Martin Red-bellied Woodpecker Red-breasted Nuthatch Red-eyed Vireo Red-headed Woodpecker Red-shouldered Hawk Red-tailed Hawk Red-winged Blackbird Ring-billed Gull Ring-necked Duck Ring-necked Pheasant Rock Pigeon Rose-breasted Grosbeak Ruby-crowned Kinglet Ruby-throated Hummingbird Ruddy Duck Ruffed Grouse Rufous Hummingbird Rusty Blackbird Savannah Sparrow Scarlet Tanager Sharp-shinned Hawk Short-eared Owl Snow Goose Solitary Sandpiper Song Sparrow Spotted Sandpiper Swainson’s Thrush Swamp Sparrow Tennessee Warbler Tree Swallow Tufted Titmouse Tundra Swan Turkey Vulture Veery Warbling Vireo White-breasted Nuthatch White-crowned Sparrow White-eyed Vireo White-throated Sparrow Wild Turkey Willow Flycatcher Wilson’s Snipe Winter Wren Wood Duck Wood Thrush Worm-eating Warbler Yellow Warbler Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Yellow-billed Cuckoo Yellow-breasted Chat Yellow-rumped Warbler Yellow-throated Vireo Yellow-throated Warbler
  • 38. 32 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Bird species observed in the Glen Morgan Lake Important Bird Area Source: eBird, April 10, 2013 American Crow American Goldfinch American Redstart American Robin Bald Eagle Barn Swallow Black-and-white Warbler Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Brown-headed Cowbird Canada Goose Canvasback Chimney Swift Chipping Sparrow Common Grackle Cooper’s Hawk Double-crested Cormorant Eastern Kingbird European Starling Gray Catbird BAppendix B Great Blue Heron Mallard Mourning Dove Northern Cardinal Northern Flicker Northern Mockingbird Osprey Pied-billed Grebe Pileated Woodpecker Red-eyed Vireo Redhead Red-winged Blackbird Ruddy Duck Song Sparrow Tree Swallow Wood Duck Yellow Warbler Yellow-rumped Warbler
  • 39. 33 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 CAppendix c PNHI Rank Site Name Listed Resources 1 Warwick County Park Seeps Supports populations of one plant species of concern Supports one animal species of concern 2 Pine Swamp Red maple-black ash palustrine forest Acidic broadleaf swamp natural communities Supports 11 plant species of concern Supports two animal species of concern 3 Conestoga River Watershed An animal species of concern found in 2000 Plant species of concern occurs in SGL 52 Beaver Run/Hay Creek Watershed Supports several plant species of concern Supports several animal species of concern 4 Hay Creek Plant species of concern High-quality Coldwater Fishery Birdsboro Seeps Fair-quality population of a plant species of concern Warwick Seeps Fair to good quality Circumneutral Seepage Swamp community 5 Trythall Road Wetlands A plant species of concern Trythall Woods Circumneutral Seeps natural community Sportsman Club Small populations of two plant species of concern CONTINUED Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Inventory Sites Source: The Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program Inventories, 1991, 1994, 2000, 2003, 2008
  • 40. 34 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 PNHI Rank Site Name Listed Resources 5 Dorrance Estate Small populations of two plant species of concern Rock Run Thicket Small population of a tree species of concern Hopewell Lake Swale Small population of a plant species of concern Sixpenny Creek Plant species of concern High-quality Coldwater Fishery French Creek A good population of an aquatic plant species of concern PA Scenic River High Local Significance Conestoga River Headwaters A diversity of habitats Habitat for a species of concern French Creek High-quality Coldwater Fishery Warwick County Park Floodplain Forest and Seeps Mature trees, seepage wetlands St. Peter's Woods Talus slope woodland community French Creek Falls Potential for rare species Low Local Significance Cold Run Seeps Fairly mature woodland Open space for wildlife Water source for Cold Run Series of small springs emanating from a NW facing slope Unknown Nantmeal Powerline The site is listed but contains no further information South Branch French Creek The site is listed but contains no further information Unionville Creek Large forested tract adjacent to French Creek State Park Rock Church Swamp Large wetland of local significance Waterfowl and amphibian breeding habitat Sixpenny Lake High-quality Coldwater Fishery Plant species of concern French Creek/Pine Swamp Does not contain information as to why it is listed South Branch French Creek Does not contain information as to why it is listed
  • 41. 35 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 DAppendix D Sites Listed on the National Register of Historic Places Source: National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, April 2013 Site Municipality County Birchrunville General Store Birchrunville Chester Birchrunville Historic District Birchrunville Chester St. Michael’s Protestant Episcopal Church, Parish House and Rectory Birdsboro Berks Nathan Michener House Bucktown Chester Stephen Meredith House Bucktown Chester Hall’s Bridge Chester Springs Chester Coventryville Coventry Hall Chester Robert Rookey House Downingtown Chester Welkinweir East Nantmeal Chester Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site Elverson Berks Lahr Farm Elverson Chester St. Mary’s Episcopal Church Elverson Chester Thomas Bull House Elverson Chester CONTINUED
  • 42. 36 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Site Municipality County Warwick Mills Elverson Chester Geiger Mill Geigertown Berks Thompson Mill Gibraltar Berks Hockley Mill Farm Glen Moore Chester John Knauer House and Mill Knauertown Chester Warrenpoint Knauertown Chester Warwick Furnace/Farms Knauertown Chester French Creek State Park: Six Penny Day Use District Morgantown Berks Joanna Furnace Complex Morgantown Berks Pottstown Landing Historic District North Coventry Chester Jacob Winings House and Clover Mill Phoenixville Chester Coventryville Historic District Pottstown Chester Simon Meredith House Pughtown Chester Townsend House Pughtown Chester French Creek State Park: Organized Group Camp 4 District Reading Berks Vincent Forge Mansion Spring City Chester St. Peter’s Village Historic District St. Peters Chester Nicholas East House Valley Forge Chester Brower’s Bridge Warwick Chester Reading Furnace Historic District Warwick Chester Philip Rogers House Warwick Township Chester West Vincent Highlands Historic District West Vincent Township Chester
  • 43. 37 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Other Historic Districts and Sites Source: Berks County, Chester County Site Municipality County Alice Focht United Methodist Church Birdsboro Berks Birdsboro Iron Industry Birdsboro Berks Brooklyn Birdsboro Berks Charles & Margaret Layland Prope Birdsboro Berks Chel Donia Weiler Property Birdsboro Berks Cora Handwork Property Birdsboro Berks Edward Brooke II Mansion Birdsboro Berks E.G. Brooke Iron Co. Birdsboro Berks F. M. Brown Mill Birdsboro Berks Friendship Fire Co. Birdsboro Berks Gristmill Birdsboro Berks Hay Creek Aquaduct Birdsboro Berks IOOF Lodge Hall Birdsboro Berks John Hook House Birdsboro Berks Levi Focht House Birdsboro Berks EAppendix E CONTINUED
  • 44. 38 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Site Municipality County Lincoln Focht House Birdsboro Berks Lockhouse Birdsboro Berks Marian Millard Property Birdsboro Berks Mercantile Building Birdsboro Berks Mexico Historic District Birdsboro Berks Mill Street Workers Houses Birdsboro Berks Railroad Depots Birdsboro Berks Schuylkill Navigation Lock Birdsboro Berks Texas Historic District Birdsboro Berks William Bird Mansion Birdsboro Berks Williams Farm Birdsboro Berks Graveyard Caernarvon Berks Harmony Church Caernarvon Berks Paul Dovin Property Caernarvon Berks Camp Sankanac East Vincent Township Chester E.G. Brooke Co. #3 Exeter Berks Seidels Steam Forge Exeter Berks Jacob Geiss Farmstead North Coventry Township Chester Shaner’s Bakery North Coventry Township Chester Bethel Evangelical Church Robeson Berks Bethlehem Steel Property Robeson Berks Birdsboro Robeson Berks Blanche Steinmetz Property Robeson Berks Brown Slow and Sure Plantation Robeson Berks Buck Hollow Road House Robeson Berks C. Gollub School Robeson Berks C. Hyback Property Robeson Berks CONTINUED
  • 45. 39 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Site Municipality County Canal Hotel Robeson Berks Charles Hamilton Property Robeson Berks Colomcille Log House Robeson Berks Daniel Siegfried Gun Factory Robeson Berks David Hoffman Property Robeson Berks Do Well Forge #1 Robeson Berks Elizabeth Scathard Property Robeson Berks Eugene Burkhart Property Robeson Berks F. M. Weaver Foundry Robeson Berks Fanny Fry Property Robeson Berks Friends Meeting House Robeson Berks Gieger Gristmill Robeson Berks Graveyard Robeson Berks Graveyard Robeson Berks Griffith Tilt Forge Robeson Berks H. Keinard Property Robeson Berks Hampton Forge/Hampton Furnace Robeson Berks Harold Kurtz Property Robeson Berks Haycreek Forge Robeson Berks Irvin Kocher Property Robeson Berks Joanna Heights Camp Meeting Robeson Berks John Koch Property Robeson Berks Lottie Detorre Property Robeson Berks Moore Forge Robeson Berks Murray House Robeson Berks Plow Hotel Robeson Berks Plow School Robeson Berks CONTINUED
  • 46. 40 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Site Municipality County Robert Redzig Property Robeson Berks Scarlet’s Forge Robeson Berks Scarlet’s Gristmill Robeson Berks Schoolhouse Robeson Berks Schuylkill Canal Aqueduct Robeson Berks Seideltown School Robeson Berks Shields Property Robeson Berks St. John’s United Church of Christ Robeson Berks White Bear Tavern Robeson Berks W. R. Updike Property Robeson Berks Leah Young House South Coventry Township Chester Pughtown Village Historic District South Coventry Township Chester Black Bear Tavern Union Berks Black Mats Schoolhouse Union Berks Brower Farm Union Berks Brower Store / Post Office Union Berks Browerstown Village Union Berks Civil War Era Foundry Union Berks Clinton Forge Union Berks Flannery’s Tavern Union Berks Geiger Farm Union Berks Geigers Mill / Geigertown Union Berks Geigertown Hotel Union Berks Graveyard Union Berks Graveyard Union Berks Hahn Home Union Berks Hotel / Store / Post Office Union Berks CONTINUED
  • 47. 41 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 CONTINUED Site Municipality County J. Keslo Farm Union Berks John & Dorothy Ratkis Property Union Berks Jones Farm Union Berks Kerlin Property Union Berks Kerst Farm Union Berks Michael Lynch House Union Berks Miller Farm Union Berks Miller House Union Berks Moch Farm Union Berks Monocacy Furnace Union Berks Monocacy Methodist Church Union Berks Mt. Airy Schoolhouse Union Berks Mt. Airy Village Union Berks Mullen Farm Union Berks Port Union Canal Store Union Berks R. Jones Farm Union Berks Reifsnyder Home Union Berks Root Farm Union Berks Schuylkill Canal Warehouse Union Berks Six Penny Bridge Union Berks Sixpenny Forge Union Berks St. Frisby AME Church Union Berks St. Frisby Graveyard Union Berks St. James Evanglical Lutheran Church Union Berks St. Michael’s Cemetary & Church Union Berks St. Paul’s Methodist Episcopal Church Union Berks St. Paul’s Mission Roman Catholic Church Union Berks
  • 48. 42 Important Resources of the Hopewell Big Woods and the Potential Impacts of Pipeline Development on the Landscape May 2013 Site Municipality County Sycamore Farm Union Berks Unionville Aquaduct Union Berks Unionville Hotel Union Berks Valentine Boyer Tract Union Berks Wamsher Farm Union Berks Warehouse Dock Boat Building Union Berks Wenger’s Mill Union Berks William Kerlin’s Gun Barrel Shop Union Berks Christopher Knauer House & Inn Warwick Township Chester Davis Knauer House (House No. 4) Warwick Township Chester Johann Christopher Knauer House Warwick Township Chester North Warwick Historic & Archeological District Warwick Township Chester Toll House-Bennett Warwick Township Chester George & Phoebe Hipple House West Vincent Township Chester John Mackey Residence West Vincent Township Chester
  • 50. PHOTO CREDITS Cover: B. Mark Schmerling Page a1/Inside Front Cover: Jim Thorne Page a4: istockphoto.com/John Pitcher Page a6: Jim Thorne Page 2: Mark Binder Page 3: Tom Carroll Page 4 (left): Denis Manchon Page 4 (right): Dan Barringer Page 6: Bill Moses Page 8: Jim White Page 11: Mark Binder Page 12 (left): Pam Brown Page 12 (right): Tom Carroll Page 14: Tom Carroll Page 20: Bill Moses Page 21: David Steckel Page 43: Jim Thorne
  • 51. Natural Lands Trust Hildacy Farm Preserve, 1031 Palmers Mill Road, Media, PA 19063 610-353-5640 | www.natlands.org French & Pickering Creeks Conservation Trust 511 Kimberton Road, Phoenixville, PA 19460 610-933-7577 | www.frenchandpickering.org Green Valleys Association 1368 Prizer Road, Pottstown, PA 19465 610-469-4900 | www.greenvalleys.org Natural Lands Trust GREEN VALLEYS ASSOCIATION AT WELKINWEIR