This document discusses reproduction in plants. It describes asexual reproduction methods like budding, fragmentation, and spore formation which involve a single parent. Vegetative propagation through cuttings, layering and grafting of plant parts like stems and leaves is also discussed. Sexual reproduction requires both male and female reproductive parts and occurs through pollination which can be self or cross pollination aided by agents like wind, water, birds and insects. Fertilization completes the process of sexual reproduction.

1. INTRODUCTION
Reproduction In Plants

2. What is Reproduction?
• The biological process in which living organisms give
birth to new ones of their similar kind is called
reproduction.
•Why is Reproduction important?
•ANS:-All living organisms have to die one
day or other. Creation of new individuals on
Earth makes this process endless.

3. • MODES OF REPRODUCTION
• 1. Asexual reproduction- The type of reproduction in
which new organisms are produced by a single parent
either male or female. This type of reproduction
occurs in the
•Sexual reproduction-The type of reproduction in
which new organisms are produced by both the
parents . This type of reproduction occurs in

4. ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
VEGETATIVE
PROPOGATION
SPORE
FORMATION
NATURAL
METHODS
ARTIFICAL
METHODS
1. CUTTING
2. LAYERING
3. GRAFTING
4. TISSUE CULTURE
LEAF, STEM, ROOTS

5. BUDDING
• In some unicellular organisms small bulb like projections
known as Buds which are attached to the parent’s body.
• When it is matured and nourished it gets detached from the
parent’s body and is a individual living organism.
• Example- Yeast

6. FRAGMENTATION
• In this process, organisms break down into small fragments
which gives rise to new living organisms.
• EG- Spirogyra and green alga

7. SPORE FORMATION
• Spores are special asexual reproductive structures covered
by a hard protective coat.
• Spores can withstand unfavorable conditions such as high
temperature with the help of protective coat.
• Spores can germinate under favorable conditions and can
develop into a new individual.
• Spores can float in the air and cover long distance.
EXAMPLES- Moss
and ferns

8. VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
• When vegetative parts give rise to new plants, this type of
reproduction is called as vegetative propagation. Vegetative
parts are roots, stems and leaves.
• VEGETATIVE PROPOGATION-STEM
• Scars which are present in potato called eyes give rise to new
organism.
EXAMPLES- GINGER,
POTATO AND
TURMERIC

9. VEGETATIVE PROPOGATION BY ROOTS
•Underground roots develops into new organisms .
These underground roots have abundant stores of
food which is used in the active growth of plants.
•Examples:- Dahlia, Sweet potato and Asparagus

10. VEGETATIVE PROPOGATION BY LEAVES
•Bryophyllum can give rise to new plant from the buds
present in the margin of leaves.
•These buds present on the leaf margins give rise to
new organisms after falling into the soil.
EXAMPLE- Bryophyllum
and Begonia

11. ARTIFICAL METHODS
1. Cutting- When one leaf of a plant is cut and buried
into the soil new roots start developing and forms a
new plant.
Example- Sugarcane, rose and Bougainvillea
2. Layering- The branch of the plant is bent and is
covered with moist soil. After some days, new roots
start developing into a new plant.
Example- Bougainvillea and jasmine
3. Grafting- Small branch of a plant (scion) is inserted
into a cut made in a rooted stem (stock). Now both
scion and stock are tied together to form a new plant.

12. EXAMPLES
Some plants like apple, Mango and citrus fruits are examples of
grafting.
Question Q1. Identify which method of vegetative propagation is
used in the following plants:-
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.

13. ADVANTAGES OF VEGETATIVE
PROPOGATION
Some plants that do not produce flowers, grow within a few
weeks or days into plants with vegetative propagation
methods.
Seedless variety of plants can be grown by the artificial
vegetative propagation.
Plants which are not capable of producing seeds, can be
produced vegetatively. For example- banana, grapes, jasmine
etc..
Plants raised by this method bear flowers and fruits earlier
than the plants raised by seeds.

14. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
MOST ATTRACTIVE AND
BEAUTIFUL PART OF A PLANT
IS FLOWERS.
FLOWER-A REPRODUCTIVE
PART

20. ALL FLOWERS DO NOT CONTAINS BOTH
REPRODUCTIVE PARTS:
 A flower that contains both male and female reproductive
parts is called bisexual flowers.
Examples- Lily, mustard, rose and petunia.
 Some flowers have either male or female reproductive
parts. These flowers are called uni-sexual flowers.
Examples- Corn, papaya, cucumber and begonia

21. SCIENCE BITS!!
Yeast is used in bread and baking industry. It is also used in
making wine and bear.
It’s a unicellular organism which preforms BUDDING.
Rafflesia is the largest flower of the plant kingdom and has
very less vegetative parts.
IT WEIGHTS 10KG

22. POLLINATION – A IMPORTANT PROCESS

23. POLLINATION
The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma is
called pollination.
This process plays a important role as the male gametes
(ovules) have to reach the female gametes to fuse each
other.
There are two types of pollination:-
1. Self pollination – This type of pollination includes the
transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the
same flower or to the stigma of another flower of the same
plant. Self pollination- Pollination
in same flower

24. CROSS POLLINATION
• This type of pollination includes the transfer of pollen grains
from the anther to the stigma of another flower is called cross
pollination.
•HOW DO POLLINATION HAPPENS?
•Pollination occurs with the help of pollinating agents
namely wind, water , insects and birds. They help in
carrying the process of pollination in flowers.
CROSS POLLINATION –
POLLINATION DONE IN
ANOTHER FLOWER

25. WIND, WATER, BIRDS AND INSECTS

27. FERTILISATION

28. QUESTIONS