This document discusses different types of graphs used to represent data and their appropriate uses. It describes pie charts, bar graphs, line graphs, and pictographs. Pie charts compare parts of a whole but not changes over time. Bar graphs compare data between groups. Line graphs show how something changes over time with ups and downs. Pictographs use pictures to represent data amounts. When choosing a graph type, consider what best represents the independent and dependent variables and whether changes over time need to be shown. Key aspects like titles, axes, labels, and legends are also discussed.

1. GRAPHING DATA
YOU WILL ANALYZE DATA AND DECIDE
WHAT TYPE OF GRAPH WILL REPRESENT
YOUR DATA MOST ACCURATELY.
PRESENTED BY: MANOJ PATEL
ASST. PROFESSOR
JHUNJHUNWALA BUSINESS SCHOOL

2. WHAT IS DATA?
 Values derived from scientific experiments.
 Data = dependent variable

3. ORGANIZING DATA IN TO GRAPHS:
Graphs are pictures that help us understand
amounts. These amounts are called data. There
are many kinds of graphs, each having special
parts.
Pie chart
Bar graph
Line graph
Pictograph

4. A pie chart is shaped like a circle. It is
divided into fractions that look like pieces of
pie. Pie charts are best to use when you are
trying to compare parts of a whole. They do
not show changes over time.
All “parts”
add up to
100%.

5. A bar graph uses bars to show data. The
bars can be vertical (up and down), or
horizontal (across). Bar graphs are used to
compare things between different groups.

6. Line graphs can be used to show how something changes
over time. Line graphs are good for plotting data that has
peaks (ups) and valleys (downs).

7. A pictograph uses pictures or symbols to
represent an assigned amount of data.

8. The Title
The title offers a short explanation of what
is in your graph. This helps the reader
identify what they are about to look at. It
can be creative or simple as long as it tells
what is in the graph.

9. Y-Axis
In line graphs, the y-axis runs vertically (up and
down). Typically, the y-axis has numbers for the
amount of “stuff” being measured. The
y-axis usually starts at 0 and can be divided
into as many equal parts as you want to.

10. X-Axis
In line graphs the x-axis runs horizontally
(flat). Typically, the x-axis has numbers
representing different time periods or names
of things being compared.

11. TYPICALLY, THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE IS PLOTTED ON
THE X-AXIS AND THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE IS PLOTTED ON
THE Y-AXIS.
DependentVariable
Independent Variable

13. The Key or Legend
The legend tells what each line or bar
represents. Just like on a map, the
legend helps the reader understand
what they are looking at.

14. Labels
The x and y-axis need to be labeled
so that the reader knows what is
plotted on each axis.

15. How to number the x and y axis
When numbering the axis, make sure to plan out how
you will number the axis so that the range of numbers
fit along the axis. Be sure to evenly space the
numbers on each axis so that your data is accurately
illustrated.

16. GRAPHING CHECKLIST
 Decide on the type of graph (line or bar)
 Draw the x and y-axis
 Number each axis (evenly space numbers)
 Label each axis (include units)
 Title the graph
 Plot the data
 Draw line or bars for the chosen graph
 Make a key (legend)