3. Rajasthan's first major Coal fired Power plant established in the year 1983.
Total installed capacity of KSTPS is 1240 MW.
Located on the left bank of the Chambal River near Kota.
4.
5. GENERATION CAPACITY
STAGES UNITS CAPACITY
STAGE :- 1 UNIT NO. 1 110MW
UNIT NO. 2 110MW
STAGE :- 2 UNIT NO.3 210MW
UNIT NO. 4 210MW
STAGE :- 3 UNIT NO. 5 210MW
STAGE :- 4 UNIT NO. 6 195MW
STAGE :- 5 UNIT NO. 7 195MW
6. What is a Thermal Power Plant
A Thermal power plant uses heat energy generated from burning coal to produce electrical energy.
The power plant uses the Rankine cycle. This is the cycle of the steam produced in the boiler, then taken to the
Steam turbine (prime mover). From the turbine the steam is cooled back to water in the Condenser, the resulting
water is fed back into the boiler to repeat the cycle.
The most advanced Thermal Power Plants attains about 35% thermodynamic efficiency for the entire process,
which means 65% of the coal energy is waste heat released into the surrounding environment.
7. Schematic of Thermal Power Plant
1. Cooling tower 10. Steam Control valve 19. Superheater
2. Cooling water pump
11. High pressure steam
turbine
20. Forced draught (draft) fan
3. transmission line (3-phase) 12. Deaerator 21. Reheater
4. Step-up transformer (3-
phase)
13. Feedwater heater 22. Combustion air intake
5. Electrical generator (3-phase) 14. Coal conveyor 23. Economiser
6. Low pressure steam turbine 15. Coal hopper 24. Air preheater
7. Condensate pump 16. Coal pulverizer 25. Precipitator
8. Surface condenser 17. Boiler steam drum 26. Induced draught (draft) fan
9. Intermediate pressure steam
18. Bottom ash hopper 27. Flue gas stack
turbine
8. Process Flow Scheme of Thermal Power Plant
Coal Storage Wagon Tripler pulveriser
Pulverised Coal
Hot Air
Coal Mines
Mixer
Atmosphere Air pre heater
F.D. FAN
FURNACE AIR+ COAL
STEAM
HOT AIR
PULVERISED COAL
ATMOSPHERIC AIR
9. ECONOMISER
FWH
STEAM SUPERHEATER
H
O
T
G
A
S
E
S
A
S
H
HOT AIR + COAL
STEAM
Condenser
GENERATOR H.P.T.
REHEATER
L.P.T. I.P.T.
Hot water
Cool water
DEARATOR
I.D. FAN
Chimney
PRECIPITATOR
STEAM
HOT AIR
PULVERISED COAL
ASH
200 bar
520° C
STEAM BOILER
FURNACE
CO2 + SO2 + NO2
10. Different Material Cycles of a Thermal Power Plant
Coal
movement
Cycle
Water &
Steam
movement
Cycle
Air &
Exhaust
movement
Cycle
11. Coal Movement Cycle
Coal storage Dryers Wagon Tripler
Ball mill
Magnetic Separators unload
Coal mill
Boiler Furnace
12. STEAM
ECONOMISER
STEAM SUPERHEATER
Condenser
GENERATOR H.P.T.
REHEATER
L.P.T. I.P.T.
Hot water to
cooling tower
Cool water
From cooling
tower
DEARATOR
STEAM
FWH
STEAM BOILER
FURNACE
Water & Steam Cycle
13. Boiler
• Boiler is an enclosed vessel in which water is heated and
circulated until the water is turned in to steam at the required
pressure.
• Coal is burned inside the combustion chamber of boiler. The
products of combustion are nothing but gases. These gases
which are at high temperature vaporize the water inside the
boiler to steam.
• Some times this steam is further heated in a super-heater as
higher the steam pressure and temperature for the greater
efficiency.
• This steam at high pressure and temperature is used directly as
a the working fluid in a prime mover to convert thermal
energy to mechanical work and mechanical energy transmitted
to alternator and electrical energy generated
• Although other fluids are sometimes used for these purposes,
water is by far the most common because of its economy and
suitable thermodynamic characteristics.
14. Boiler
Types of Boiler
Fire Tube Boiler
• Hot gases are passed through the tubes and water surrounds these tubes.
• These are simple, compact and rugged in construction.
• Since the water volume is more, circulation will be poor, so they can't meet
quickly the changes in steam demand.
• The steam attained is generally wet, economical for low pressures. The output
of the boiler is also limited.
Water Tube Boiler
• In these boilers water is inside the tubes and hot gases are outside.
• Feed water enters the boiler and circulates through the tubes connected
external to drums. Hot gases which surrounds these tubes convert the water in
tubes in to steam.
• As the movement of water in the water tubes is high, so rate of heat transfer
also becomes high resulting in greater efficiency.
• They produce high pressure , can respond quickly to changes in steam
demand.
15. Super Heater & Re-Heater
Superheater
• Super heater is a component of a steam-generating unit in which
steamis heated above its saturation temperature.
• The super heater may consist of one or more stages of tube banks
arranged to effectively transfer heat from the products of combustion.
Super heaters are classified as convection , radiant or combination of
these.
Re-heater
• Some of the heat of superheated steam is used to rotate the HP
Turbine where it loses some of its energy.
• Re-heater is used to add further heat to steam before it enters IP
Turbine.
16. Steam Turbine
• A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from
pressurized steam and converts it to mechanical form on a rotating
output shaft.
• Steam turbine is used to drive an electric generator
• The turbine has three interconnected stages namely HP Turbine, IP
Turbine and LP Turbine.
• The steam enters from boiler to HP turbine high pressure and
temperature after super heating. The output low pressure steam is
re-heated and enters in to IP Turbine and the final low pressure &
low pressure steam enters in to LP turbine which is coupled to
Generator.
• As steam moves through the system and loses pressure and thermal
energy it expands in volume, requiring increasing diameter and
longer blades at each succeeding stage to extract the remaining
energy.
17. Condenser
• The surface condenser is a shell and tube heat exchanger in
which cooling water is circulated through the tubes. The
exhaust steam from the low pressure turbine enters the shell
where it is cooled and converted to condensate (water) by
flowing over the tubes.
• The large decrease in volume that occurs when water vapor
condenses to liquid creates the low vacuum that helps in
pulling steam through and increase the efficiency of the
turbines.
18. Economiser
• Function of economiser is to recover some of the heat from
the heat carried away in the flue gases up the chimney and
utilize for heating the feed water to the boiler.
• It is placed in the passage of flue gases in between the exit
from the boiler and the entry to the chimney. The use of
economiser results in saving in coal consumption , increase
in steaming rate and high boiler efficiency hence used in all
modern power plants.
• In this a large number of small diameter thin walled tubes
are placed between two headers. Feed water enters the
tube through one header and leaves through the other. The
flue gases flow out side the tubes usually in counter flow.
19. pulverser
Pulverised Coal
Hot Air
Mixer
Atmosphere Air pre heater
F.D. FAN
AIR+ COAL
ECONOMISER
SUPERHEATER
H
O
T
G
A
S
E
S
REHEATER
FURNACE
Chimney
PRECIPITATOR
Atmosphere
CO2 + SO2 + NO2
Air Flow & Exhaust Cycle
I.D. FAN
20. Air Preheater
• The remaining heat of flue gases coming out from
Economiser is utilized by Air Preheater.
• It is a device used in steam boilers to transfer heat from
the flue gases to the combustion air before the air enters
the furnace.
• The purpose of the air preheater is to recover the heat
from the flue gas from the boiler to improve boiler
efficiency by burning warm air which increases
combustion efficiency, and reducing useful heat lost from
the flue.
• As a consequence, the gases are also sent to the chimney
or stack at a lower temperature, allowing simplified
design of the ducting and stack.
21. Electro-Static Precipitator
• Fly ash is captured and removed from the flue gas by
electrostatic precipitators located at the outlet of the
furnace and before the induced draft fan.
• The flue gases pass through an electric discharge (corona
discharge) area where ionization of the gas occurs. The
ions produced collide with the suspended particles and
gain an electric charge.
• The charged particles drift toward an electrode of
opposite sign and are deposited on the electrode where
their electric charge is neutralized.
