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Report on paint
1. Report on paint
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
FUNCTIONS AND
USES
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
PAINTS
PAINTS BASED ON
CLASSIFICATION
TYPES OF PAINTS
PAINT TOOLS
PROPERTIES
FAILURES
2. DEFINE PAINT
A paint is a solution or
suspension of
pigment , binder and
mineral solvent.
A thin dry film so
formed by this
solution is , then
applied to a surface
which is used as a
decorative or
protective coating.
3. HISTORY OF PAINT
Color or paints has been with us for more than
20,000 years. Evidence survives in early cave
paintings and ancient Chinese are considered to
have brought its manufacture and use to a state of
perfection tens of thousands of years ago.
One of the earliest recorded colors discoveries was
made by plato who discovered that by mixing two
colors, a third is produced , therefore changing ‘
manufacture ‘ of color forever.
5000 years ago ,Blue Frit was first synthetic pigment
being produced by Egyptians.
Before 19th century word ‘paint’ was only applied to
4. FUNCTION OF PAINT
Paint is used to protect , preserve, decorate, or
add functionality to an object or surface by
covering it with a pigmented coating.
An example of protection is to retard
corrosion of metal.
An example of decoration is to add festive trim to
a room’s interior
An example of added functionally is to modify
light reflection or heat radiation of a surface . Also
, use of color to identify hazards or to identify the
function or equipment and pipelines.
5. USES OF PAINTS
To protect material from weathering oxidation
process and damages by insects.
To improve the beauty of material.
To facilitate the cleaning process of surface
To give high class finish , attractive colors and
pleasing surfaces design and appearance .
To protect various substances from corrosion .
To make materials long lasting.
Paints can be used for material made of wood,
steel, concrete and brick.
6. PAINTS CLASSIFICATION
Industrial paints – Subdivided by their intended
service : Corrosion – resistant coatings, high
temperature coatings, and coatings for immersion
service
Architectural paints – are air drying materials
applied by brush or spray to architectural and
structural surfaces and forms for decorative and
protective purposes
Commercial paints – are air drying or baking-
cured materials applied by brush , spray, or
magnetic agglomeration to kitchen and laundry
appliances ,automobile , machinery, and furniture
and used as highway marking materials
9. PRIMER
Primer is a
preparatory coating
put on materials
before painting .
Priming ensures
better adhesion of
paint to the surface ,
increases paint
durability and
provides additional
protection for material
being painted.
10. BINDER
The binder or resin is
actual film forming
component that must
be present in paint.
Binders can be
categorized according
to drying or curing
mechanism.
11. SOLVENT
The main purpose of
solvent is to adjust the
viscosity of paint film. It
can also control flow and
application properties and
affect the stability of the
paint white in liquid state .
It main function is as the
carrier for non volatile
components.
MTO or xylem is main
solvent for industrial
paints.
Water is main solvent for
water based paints.
12. ADDITIVES
Additives are usually
added in small amounts to
provide a significant effect
on the product
Example- to modify
surface tension, improve
flow properties improve
pigment stability, control
foaming etc.
Other types of additives
include catalysts,
thickeners, stabilizers,
emulsifiers, adhesion
promoters etc.
14. PAINTS IN COMMON USE ARE
CLASSIFIED AS:
Oil paints
Plastic paints
Cement paints
Bituminous paints
Water paints
Distemper paint
Epoxy paint
Wood stain
Enamel
Lacquer
Emulsion paint
15. OIL PAINT
It is a type of slow drying
paint consisting of small
pigment particles suspended
in a drying oil.
It is widely used for painting
wooden and metallic
surfaces in all kinds of
engineering , industrial and
other decorative works.
Various oils like linseed oil,
poppy oil, and caster oil etc.
are used as carrier.
While using , it is proper to
give two to three coatings so
as to obtain good results.
16. PLASTIC PAINTS
In addition to other
ingredients this paint
contains requisite
amount of plastic
It is used wherever high
class work is required ,
such as sophisticated
buildings, showrooms,
theaters and
auditoriums. The paint
can be easily applied on
plastered wall.
17. CEMENT PAINTS
It consists of white
cement[70%], hydrated
lime [15%], pigments[5 to
8%] sodium or calcium
chlorides hygroscopic
salts[ 5%] and small
amount of aluminum [1%]
.
These paints are made
available in powder form.
Water is added to paint
just before use .
Cement paints mainly
used over the plastered
surfaces.
18. BITUMINOUS PAINTS
Bituminous paints are
prepared by dissolving
bitumen in petroleum or
other solvent oil.
These black coloured
paints leave hard ,
tough and elastic
surfaces .
These are highly
resistant to water and
highly resistant to water
and specially used for
submerged iron and
steel structure .
19. WATER PAINTS
It is mixer of pigment,
binder , drier and water
Casein is the most
common by binder used
in these paints.
These paints are cheap
, easily workable
washable when proper
set.
They also give goon
finishing and are
suitable for inside walls.
20. DISTEMPER PAINTS
It consists of chalk [ finely
powdered] , pigment and animal
glue.
These are in powdered form
and sometimes available in
paste form also[ with addition of
linseed oil] .
These are mixed with water at
the time of use and applied on
plastered surfaces. [ like walls,
ceiling etc.] with brushes.
They give a better finish and are
long lasting. They are suitable
for high class interior decorative
finishing work on walls and
ceilings of all kinds of buildings.
21. epoxy paint
It is a high quality two-
component epoxy
polyamide system that
has exceptional
adhesion to practically
any surface including
steel tanks , galvanized
iron , pipeline ,
aluminum , structural
steel etc. Has excellent
corrosion resistance
and sealing properties.
22. WOOD STAIN
It is a type of paint
that is very thin that is
low in viscosity and
formulated so that
pigment penetrates
the surface rather
than remaining in a
film on the top of the
surface . Stain is
predominantly
pigment or dye.
23. ENAMEL PAINT
Enamel is a especially hard,
usually glossy finish. It contain
either glass powder or tiny metal
flake fragments instead of color
pigments found in standard oil –
based paints. It is also mixed
with varnish to increase shine as
well as assist its hardening
process.
QDE [ Quick Drying Enamel ] is
an alkyd type paint that provides
great durability while being noted
as a fast drying paint . It is
formulated to give a tough ,
durable , beautiful and high build
film on wood and metal.
24. LACQUER`
It is a clear or colored
coating that dries by
solvent evaporation ,
usually a fast dry
solvent – based paint
or varnish that
produces an
especially hard
durable finish.
25. EMULSION PAINT
It is Water – based
paint used for
painting interior or
exterior surface.
27. PROPERTIES OF GOOD
PAINTS
It should give a thin and uniform coating.
Painted surface should not crack on drying.
It should be hard and durable on drying.
It should be resistant to weathering and corrosive action.
It should be water repellent [ except water paints]
It should have good spread, good adhesive power.
It should give a good finish with attractive colors , design
and appearance.
Colors should be fast and permanent.
It should be cheap and economical.
28. FAILURE OF PAINT
PEELING/ BLISTERING – Most commonly due to improper
surface treatment before application and inherent moisture /
dampness being present in the substrate.
CRACKING – Cracking of paint film is due to the unequal
expansion or contraction of paint coats .It usually happens the
coats of paint are not allowed to cure/ dry completely before next
coat is applied.
EROSION – It is very quick chalking , occurs due to external
agents like air water etc.
VOCs[ volatile organic compounds] in pains are considered
harmful to the environment and especially for people who work
with them on a regular basis.
