2. Solid waste management
What is solid waste
Types of waste
urban waste
Hazardous waste
Biomedical waste
Effects
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3. • DEFINATION:
The method of collecting and handling the waste material from the
source and recycling it further.
It is the basic essential services provided by municipal authorities to
keep the city clean.
The method of collection, processing, resource recovery and the final
disposal are the common factors.
Main technological options available for treatment are :
composting,
anaerobic digestion/biomethanation,
incineration,
gasification and pyrolysis,
Sanitary landfilling.
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6. • “solid waste” means any garbage ,
refuse, sludge from a waste
treatment plant and other municipal
sectors.
• It can be in solid, liquid, semisolid, or
gaseous form.
• Material resulting from industrial,
commercial, mining, and agricultural
operations are observed.
• Solid waste is classified into three categories:
Urban waste/ municipal waste
Hazardous waste/industrial waste
Biomedical waste / hospital waste
7. • Defination: It consists of
household waste, construction
and sanitation residue, and
waste from streets.
This garbage is generated
mainly from residential and
commercial complexes.
Packed cans, aluminium foils,
plastics, and other non-
biodegradable items causes huge
harm to the environment.
8. Urban waste are classified into two types:
Biodegradable waste
Non-biodegradable waste
• BIODERADABLE WASTE: any organic mater in waste which can be
broken down into carbon dioxide, water, methane or simple organic
molecules by micro-organisms and other living things using aerobic
and anaerobic digestion and composting.
EXAMPLES: • Plant products, wood, paper, food waste, leaves,
grass clippings• Remains from the death of living creatures.
• NON-BIODEGRADABLE WASTE:type of waste that can not be
broken down into its base compounds by micro-organisms, air,
moisture or soil.
• EXAMPLES: rubber tires, Styrofoam, plastic, fibreglass and
metals.
13. Household Hazardous Waste
• Paints and solvents
• Automotive wastes (used motor oil, antifreeze, etc.)
• Pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, etc.)
• Mercury-containing wastes (thermometers, switches, fluorescent
lighting, etc.)
• Electronics (computers, televisions, cell phones)
• Aerosols / Propane cylinders
• Caustics / Cleaning agents
• Refrigerant-containing appliances
• Some specialty batteries (e.g. lithium, nickel cadmium, or button cell
batteries)
• Ammunition
• Radioactive wastes (some home smoke detectors are classified as
radioactive waste because they contain very small amounts of
radioactive isotope of americium - see: Disposing of Smoke Detectors
14. Final disposal of hazardous
waste
• Recycling
• Portland cement
• Incineration, destruction and waste-to-energy
• Hazardous waste landfill (sequestering,
isolation, etc.)
• Pyrolysis
15. Biomedical waste
• Biomedical waste may be solid or liquid.
• Examples of infectious waste include discarded blood sharps
• unwanted microbiological cultures and stocks
• identifiable body parts (including those as a result
of amputation) other human or animal tissue
• used bandages and dressings
• discarded gloves, other medical supplies that may have been
in contact with blood and body fluids
• laboratory waste that exhibits the characteristics described
above. Waste sharps include potentially contaminated used
(and unused discarded) needles, scalpels, lancets and other
devices capable of penetrating skin.
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17. Risk To Human Health
• Classified as Infectious or biohazardous and
could potentially lead to the spread ofinfectious
disease.
• The most common danger for humans is the
infection which also affects other living
organisms in the region.
• Daily exposure to the waste (landfill) leads to
accumulation of harmful substances or
microbes in the person's body.
