Oxygen therapy involves administering oxygen at higher concentrations than in normal air to treat medical conditions where tissues are not receiving enough oxygen. There are various methods of oxygen delivery including nasal cannulas, face masks, venturi masks, and oxygen concentrators. The goals of oxygen therapy are to increase oxygen saturation in tissues and treat issues like respiratory distress, COPD, and heart attacks. Proper administration and monitoring are needed to effectively deliver oxygen while avoiding complications such as oxygen toxicity.

1. Oxygen therapy

2. OUT LINE
 Definition of the oxygen therapy
 Types of oxygen therapy
 purposes of using the oxygen
therapy
 Administration of oxygen therapy
 Complication of oxygen therapy

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
 Define the oxygen therapy
 Discuss the type of c oxygen
therapy
 List the purpose of using the
oxygen therapy
 Explain the procedure
 Demonstrate the procedure
 List Complication of oxygen
therapy

4. OXYGEN THERAPY
Definition:
 Oxygen is a colorless, odorless,
tasteless gas that is essential for the
body to function properly and to
survive.

5. WHAT IS MEANING OF O2
THERAPY
Oxygen therapy is the administration
of oxygen at a concentration of
pressure greater than that found in
the environmental atmosphere
The air that we breathe contain
approximately 21% oxygen
the heart relies on oxygen to pump
blood.

6. WHAT IS MEANING OF O2 THERAPY
If not enough oxygen is circulating in
the blood, it’s difficult for the tissues
of the heart to keep pumping.
Supplemental oxygen is used to treat
medical conditions in which the
tissues of the body do not have
enough oxygen.

7. PURPOSE
The body is constantly taking
in oxygen and releasing carbon
dioxide.
 If this process is inadequate,
oxygen levels in the blood
decrease, and the patient may
need supplemental oxygen.

8. PURPOSE
Oxygen therapy is a key
treatment in respiratory care.
The purpose is to increase
oxygen saturation in tissues
where the saturation levels are
too low due to illness or injury.

9. OXYGEN THERAPY IS USED TO
TREAT
Example in case :-
Documented hypoxemia
Severe respiratory distress (acute
asthma or pneumonia)
Severe trauma
Chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD, including chronic
bronchitis, emphysema, and chronic
asthma)

10. OXYGEN THERAPY IS USED TO
TREAT
Pulmonary hypertension
Acute myocardial infarction (heart
attack)
Short-term therapy, such as post-
anesthesia recovery
Oxygen may also be used to treat
chronic lung disease patients during
exercise .

11. METHODS OF DISPENSING
OXYGEN
Piped in
Cylinder
Oxygen
concentrator

12. SOURCES OF OXYGEN:
 1- Cylinder.
2- Wall outlets.
Oxygen is moistened by passing it
through a humidification system to
prevent the mucous membranes of
the respiratory tree from becoming
dry.

13. 1-USING OXYGEN
CYLINDERS:
The oxygen cylinder is delivered with
a protective cap to prevent accidental
force against the cylinder outlet.
To release oxygen safety and at a
desirable rate, a regulator is used. It
consists of two parts.

14.  A reduction gauge that reduces the
pressure to a working level and shows
the amount of oxygen in the tank.
a flow meter that regulates the
control of oxygen in liters per minutes.
USING OXYGEN CYLINDERS:

15. 2-WALL – OUTLET OXYGEN:
The oxygen is supplied from a
central source through a pipeline.
 Only a flow meter and a humidifier
are required.

16. PREPARATION
A physician's order is required for
oxygen therapy, except in emergency
use.
Clinical observations.
 Oxygen supplemental is determined
by inadequate oxygen saturation.
indicated in Artial Blood Gas
measurements,(ABGs ) .
 Pulse Oximetry.

18. CAUTIONS FOR OXYGEN
THERAPY
Oxygen toxicity – can
occur with FIO2 > 50%
longer than 48 hrs
Suppression of
ventilation – will lead
to increased CO2 and
carbon dioxide
narcosis
Danger of fire
Infection

20. CLASSIFICATION OF OXYGEN
DELIVERY SYSTEMS
 Low flow systems
contribute partially to inspired gas client
breathes
do not provide constant FIO2
Ex: nasal cannula, simple mask , non-re
breather mask , Partial rebreather mask
 High flow systems
deliver specific and constant percent of
oxygen independent of client’s breathing
Ex: Venturi mask,, trach collar, T-piece

21. METHODS OF OXYGEN
ADMINISTRATION:
1-Nasal cannula

22. NASAL CANNULA (PRONGS(:
 It is a disposable.
plastic devise with two protruding
prongs for insertion into the nostrils,
connected to an oxygen source.
Used for low-medium concentrations
of Oxygen (24-44%).

23. Method Amount
Delivered
F1o2
(Fraction
Inspired
Oxygen(
Priority Nursing
Interventions
Advantages Disadvantages
Nasal
Cannula Low flow
24-44%
1Lmin=24%
2Lmin=28%
3Lmin=32%
4Lmin=36%
5Lmin=40%
6Lmin=44%
Check
frequently
that both
prongs are in
clients nares
Never
deliver more
than 2-3 Lmin
to client with
chronic lung
disease
 Client able
to talk and
eat with
oxygen in
place
Easily used
in home
setting
may cause
irritation to
the nasal
and
pharyngeal
mucosa
if oxygen
flow rates
are above 6
liters/minute
Variable
FIO2

25. FACE MASK
 The simple Oxygen mask
 The partial rebreather mask:
 The non rebreather mask:
 The venturi mask:

26. THE SIMPLE OXYGEN MASK
 Simple mask is made of
clear, flexible , plastic
or rubber that can be
molded to fit the face.
 It is held to the head
with elastic bands.
 Some have a metal clip
that can be bent over
the bridge of the nose
for a comfortable fit.

27. THE SIMPLE OXYGEN MASK
 It delivers 35% to 60% oxygen .
 A flow rate of 6 to 10 liters per minute.
 It has vents on its sides which allow
room air to leak in at many places,
thereby diluting the source oxygen.
 Often it is used when an increased
delivery of oxygen is needed for short
periods
 (i.e., less than 12 hours).

29. THE PARTIAL REBREATHER
MASK:
 The mask is have with a reservoir bag must
romaine inflated during both inspiration &
expiration
 It collection of the first parts of the
patients' exhaled air.
 It is used to deliver oxygen concentrations
up to 80%.

30. THE PARTIAL REBREATHER
MASK
 The oxygen flow rate
must be maintained at a
minimum of 6 L/min to
ensure that the patient
does not rebreathe
large amounts of
exhaled air.
 The remaining exhaled
air exits through vents.

31. THE NON REBREATHER MASK

This mask provides the highest concentration of

oxygen (95-100%) at a flow rate6-15 L/min.

It is similar to the partial rebreather mask

except two one-way valves prevent conservation of
exhaled air.

The bag is an oxygen reservoir

32. THE NON REBREATHER MASK
 When the patient exhales
air.
 the one-way valve closes
and all of the expired air
is deposited into the
 atmosphere, not the
reservoir bag.
 In this way, the patient is
not rebreathing any of
the expired gas.

35. VENTURI MASK
 It is high flow
concentration of oxygen.
 Oxygen from 40 - 50%
 At liters flow of 4 to 15
L/min.
 The mask is so
constructed that there is
a constant flow of room
air blended with a fixed
concentration of oxygen

36. THE VENTURI MASK
 is designed with wide- bore tubing and various
color - coded jet adapters.
 Each color code corresponds to a precise
 oxygen concentration and a specific liter flow.
The venturi system,
 Room air dilutes the oxygen entering the
tubing to a certain concentration
 The amount of air drawn in is determined by
the size of the orifice (jet adapter).

37. THE VENTURI MASK
The narrower the jet adapter,
the greater the air dilution, and the
lower the concentration of oxygen.
It is used primarily for patients with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

39. TRACHEOSTOMY COLLAR/ MASK
 Inserted directed into trachea
 Is indicated for chronic o2
therapy need
 O2 flow rate 8 to 10L
 Provides accurate FIO2
 Provides good humidity.
 Comfortable ,more efficient
 Less expensive

40. T-PIECE
 Used on end of
ET tube when
weaning from
ventilator
 Provides
accurate FIO2
 Provides good
humidity

41. SIDE EFFECT &
COMPLICATION OF OXYGEN
THERAPY
Oxygen toxicity
Retrolental fibroplasia
Absorption atelectasis

42. OXYGEN TOXICITY
It is a condition in which ventilator
failure
 occurs due to inspiration of a high
concentration of oxygen for aprolonged
period of time.
 Oxygen concentration greater than
50% over 24 to 48 hours can cause
pathological changes in the lungs.

43. Signs and symptoms of oxygen toxicity:
•Non-productive cough.
•Nausea and vomiting.
•Substernal chest pain.
•Fatigue.
•Nasal stuffiness.
•Headache.
•Sore throat.
•Hypoventilation.
.Nasal congestion.
.Dyspnea.
.Inspiration pain.

44. SIDE EFFECT &
COMPLICATION OF OXYGEN
THERAPY
Retrolental fibroplasia
Blindness due to vasoconstriction &
ischemia ( premature infants )

45. SIDE EFFECT & COMPLICATION
OF OXYGEN THERAPY
 Absorption atelectasis
 100 % FLO2 breathing associated
with decrease ventilation
( obstruction )
 Hypoventilation ( increase 30 /M )
Effect ( lung collapse )

46. Technique of oxygen administration
A-Administering oxygen by nasal cannula:

47. ASSESSMENT
 . Identify the type of oxygen equipment and
oxygen source in your facility

49. Steps Rational
Humidifier filled with
distilled water .
Flow meter
No smoking signs
Humidification
maybe not be ordered if
the flow rate is <4
/l/min

50. Steps Rational
*Implementation:
Identify the patient.
Explain procedure to the
patient.
Assist the patient to a semi-
fowler's position if possible.
Attach the oxygen supply
tube with humidification to
the cannula , face mask.
To be sure you are
performing the procedure
for the correct patient.
To gain his cooperation.
This position permits
easier chest expansion and
hence easier breathing.
To prevent dehydration of
mucous membrane.

51. Steps Rational
Allow 3-5 L oxygen to flow
through the tubing.
Place the prongs in the
patient's nostrils and adjust it
comfortably.
Use gauze pads both behind the
head or the ears and under the
chin and tighten to comfort.
Low flow
1 Lmin=24%
2 Lmin=28%
3 Lmin=32%
4 Lmin=36%
5 Lmin=40%
6 Lmin=44%
To facilitate oxygen
administration and comfort
the patient.
To reduce irritation and
pressure and protect the
skin.

52. Steps Rational
Adjust the flow rate to the
ordered level.
Encourage patient to breath
through his nose with his mouth
closed.
Assess the patient nose and
mouth and provide oronasal care
at least every 8 hours.
To provide optimal
delivery of oxygen to
patient..
Oxygen dries the mucous
membrane and cause
irritation

53. Steps Rational
face mask
Produce the flow rate ( 10
-12 l/min )
Attach the oxygen supply tube
to the mask .
Regulate the oxygen flow.
Position the mask over the
patient's nose and mouth.
And fit it securely, shaping the
metal band on the mask to the
bridge of the nose.
Ensure pt
receive flow
sufficient to meet
aspiratory
demand &
maintain
accurate
concentration
oxygen

54. Steps Rational
 Adjust the elastic band
around the patient's head and
tighten.
Use gauze pads both behind
the head or the ears.
Adjust the flow rate to the
ordered level.
To ensure a
tight fit.
To reduce
irritation and
pressure and
protect the skin.

55. Steps Rational
Remove the mask
and dry the skin every
2-3 hours if the oxygen
is running
continuously.
 Don't powder
around the mask.
Wash your hands.
There is danger of
inhaling powder if it is
placed on the mask.

56. Steps Rational
The partial rebreather mask
The non rebreather mask
The venturi mask
Attach tubing to flow meter
Show the mask to pt & explain
procedure
Turn on oxygen flowmeter &
prescribed rate ( usually indicated
on mask )
Place mask over pt nose &
mouth under chin
to ensure
correct air
/ oxygen
mix

57. EVALUATION:
 Breathing pattern regular and at
normal rate.
 pink color in nail beds, lips,
conjunctiva of eyes.
 No confusion, disorientation,
difficulty with cognition.
 Arterial oxygen concentration or
hemoglobin
 Oxygen saturation within normal
limits.

58. DOCUMENTATION:
Date and time oxygen started.
Method of delivery.
Oxygen concentration and flow rate.
Patient observation.
Add oronasal care to the nursing care
plan

59. O2 DELIVERY DEVICES CONT.
EQUIPMENT FLOW FIO2 SPECIAL NOTES
ANESTHESIA
BAG
12 -15 L/M 1.0 USE AT 12 L/M MIN.
POTENTIAL OF
BAROTRAUMA
OR ASPHYXIATION*** SHOWS THAT FIO2 VARIES WITH DIFFERENT
F, VT, INSPIRATORY FLOW RATES.

60. O2 DELIVERY DEVICES CONT.
EQUIPMENT FLOW FIO2 SPECIAL NOTES
NASAL CANNULA 1/2 - 6 L/M .24 - 44*** 6 L/M MAX.
SIMPLE O2 MASK 6 - 10 L/M .35 - 55*** USE 5 L/M
(WITHOUT BAG) MINIMUM
RESERVOIR MASK 10-15 L/M .60 -80*** PAGE RT IF USED
(MASK WITH BAG) (BAG TO NOT
COLLAPSE)
VENTI MASK 3 L/M .24, 26, 31, READ ENCLOSED
6 L/M .35, .40, .50 INSTRUCTIONS
NEBULIZER 8 L/M OR > .28, .30, .35 MIST MUST BE
.40, .50, 70 VISIBLE
1.0***
ANESTHESIA
BAG
12 -15 L/M 1.0 USE AT 12 L/M MIN.
POTENTIAL OF
BAROTRAUMA
OR ASPHYXIATION*** SHOWS THAT FIO2 VARIES WITH DIFFERENT
F, VT, INSPIRATORY FLOW RATES.