Recomendados
Mais conteúdo relacionado
Semelhante a Escherichia coli.pptx
Semelhante a Escherichia coli.pptx (20)
Último
Último (20)
Escherichia coli.pptx
- 2. General description • Gram negative, rod shaped, flagellated, has pili, catalase positive ….. • Heterotroph, facultative anaerobic. • E. coli commonly found in the gut of humans and warm-blooded animals. The reservoir of this pathogen is mainly cattle. • Most strains are harmless but some produce endotoxins e.g. STEC (O157:H7). Luckily, it is heat-sensitive.
- 4. Epidemology • In US alone, approximately 265K case/year, and about 100 deaths. • On July 2011, E. coli -Outbreak O104:H4 infections have spread in 16 countries, and had reported 4075 cases and 50 deaths. Also, 908 persons had suffered from kidney damage due to HUS. • Transmitted through fecal contaminated food and water, raw meat, …. Dealing with infected people and animals, too. • E. coli is usually associated with traveler's diarrhea, gastroenteritis and UTI.
- 6. Clinical manifestation • E. coli infections causes gastroenteritis which could be divided mainly to ETEC and EHEC. • Symptoms appear after 3-4 days of infection like abdominal cramps and diarrhea. Fever and vomiting may also occur. • E. coli infection may lead to a life-threatening disease, such as hemolytic anemia, HUS, kidney damage.
- 8. Prevention and treatment • To protect ourselves we have to start within industry, household, producers of vegetables and cattle-keepers. • E. coli infections are self-limiting infections and patients recover within 10 days. • Treatment focuses on replacement of fluid and electrolytes lost from vomiting and diarrhea. • Antibiotics and anti- diarrhea drugs like Nalidixic acid & loperamide, respectively, are not recommended for healthy people.
- 11. General description • Gram positive, cocci shaped, non motile, non- spore forming and encapsulated….. • Heterotroph, facultative anaerobic. • Catalase positive, B-hemolotic & requires a sensitive media to be cultured. • Usually S. epidermidis in normal skin flora is nonpathogenic. But in abnormal lesions, it becomes pathogenic, like in acne vulgaris.
- 13. Epidemiology • S. epidermidis infections are hospital occurred infections. • S. epidermidis is a major cause of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) inflammation. • In a recent study, a total of 508 IV catheters (IVCs) from 331 patients were submitted for culture from May to October 2013. The study identified S. epidermidis as the causal agent in 42.1% of the (CIED) cases.
- 15. Clinical manifestation • S. epidermidis is universally found to cause acne vulgaris in addition to Propionibacterium. • S. epidermidis enters the sebaceous gland by producing lipolytic enzymes and changes the sebum to a thick form. • Symptoms include redness, warmth, and pain. The person may develop a fever & swelling in that area. • Moreover, it has transferrin-binding protein that binds to transferrin and remove its iron.
- 17. Prevention and treatment • To protect ourselves we have to wash our hands thoroughly with soap and water, Keep cuts clean and covered, and not to share personal items…. • Unfortunately, S. epidermidis has gained resistance to Methicillin. However, we can still treat it topically with vancomycin to which rifampin could be added.
- 20. General description • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a member of the Hepadnaviridae family. It is a ssDNA virus, enveloped & has different antigens (HBs, HBc & HBe). • Enter by endocytosis by binding to heparin sulfate proteoglycan. Leave by fusing to hepatic cells without damaging it.
- 22. Epidemiology • Hepatitis B prevalence is highest in the Western Pacific Region and the African Region. • WHO estimates that in 2015, 257 million people were infected, and it has resulted in 887.000 deaths. • Infection in adulthood leads to chronic hepatitis in less than 5% of cases, whereas infection in infancy and early childhood leads to chronic hepatitis in about 95% of cases- with a chance of 80–90% of infection during the first year of life.
- 24. Clinical manifestation • The hepatitis B virus can survive on surfaces for at least 7 days. The incubation period of the hepatitis B virus is 75 days on average. • The virus is most commonly transmitted from mother to child, as well as contacting with other’s body fluids. • The symptoms appear due to immune’s response. However, they include jaundice, dark urine, vomiting and abdominal pain….. • Chronic Hepatitis B may develop into cirrhosis or liver cancer.
- 26. Prevention and treatment • To protect ourselves we have to wash our hands with soap and water, Keep cuts clean and covered, and not to share personal items… • WHO recommends the hepatitis B vaccination espatially for infants, healthcare professionals, …. • There is no specific treatment for Acute Hepatitis B. However, WHO recommends to replace fluids that had lost from vomiting and diarrhea. • Treatment for Chronic hepatitis B slows the progression of the disease. However, oral antiviral agents -tenofovir or entecavir could help.