A political regime is a set of rules and procedures that govern the relationship between a state and its society. There are several types of regimes including democratic, totalitarian, authoritarian, monarchical, and oligarchic. Political scientists analyze regimes based on factors like the concentration of political power and the level of control the government exerts. Examples are constitutional monarchies like the UK and totalitarian dictatorships like Nazi Germany. Authoritarian and totalitarian regimes tend to be less stable than democracies and monarchies due to a lack of legitimate authority.

1. POLITICAL REGIME
POLITICAL REGIME IS A
FORM OF A STATE
GOVERNMENT

2. POLITICAL REGIME
TASKS AND QUESTIONS:
1) What are the political regimes? Name them
2) What are the (two) factors that political scientists use to
define “political regimes”?
3)Why are authoritarian and totalitarian governments more
unstable politically, compared to democracies and
monarchies?

3. A sample of Democratic Regime: Iceland
Referendum 2010

4. В 2008 году в начале финансового кризиса Исландия (население 320
тысяч, без армии), одна из самых богатых стран в мире.
в буквальном смысле обанкротилась.
Президент О.Гримссон отказался ратифицировать закон, который сделал бы
граждан Исландии ответственными за долги исландских банкиров, и
согласился созвать референдум
Но исландцы не остановились на достигнутом: они решили принять новую
конституцию, которая освободила бы страну от власти международных
финансов /
Чтобы написать новую конституцию, народ Исландии избрал 25 граждан из числа
522 взрослых, не принадлежащих ни к какой политической партии, которых
рекомендовали как минимум 30 граждан.
Этот документ был делом рук не горстки политиков, а был написан в интернете.
Учредительные заседания проводились он-лайн, и граждане могли писать свои
комментарии и вносить предложения, своими глазами наблюдая, как их
конституция постепенно обретает форму.

5. POLITICAL REGIME
A political regime is a set of rules, procedures, and
understandings which govern relations between
the state and society in a particular country.
Main types of modern world political regimes are
commonly referred to:
democratic, totalitarian, authoritarian,
monarchical, oligarchic, hybrid and, etc.
The type of government under which people live
has fundamental implications for their freedom,
their welfare, and even their lives.

6. POLITICAL REGIME – FORM OF
GOVERNMENT
 Governments are organisations of individuals
who are legally empowered to make binding
decisions on behalf of a particular community.
 In politics, a regime is the form of
government that regulate the operation of a
government or institution and its interactions
with society.
 First of all, we need to define two types of
governments – monarchy and republic

7. Modern Governments Typologies of
Republics
 Relationship between state and society (regimes)
 Democratic
 Totalitarian
 Authoritarian
 Monarchical
 Relationship between the executive and legislative powers of
government
 Parliamentary
 Presidential
 Degree of centralisation or decentralisation
 Unitary state
 Federalism
 Confederation

8. POLITICAL REGIME
Political scientists refer to regimes using many different
terms. Which term political scientists use often depends on
two factors:
- the number of people with political power and
- the amount of power the government itself exerts.
For example, some scholars offer seven typologies of
authoritarian regimes: dominant party regimes, military
regime, personalist regimes, monarchies, oligarchic
regimes, indirect military regimes, or hybrids of the first
three

9. POLITICAL REGIME

10. POLITICAL REGIME
 A wide variety of regime types exist.
 For example, the United Kingdom has a constitutional
monarchy, in which Queen Elizabeth holds a limited
amount of power.
 Theoretically, the queen is the English head of state, but
over time the English monarchy has become largely
ceremonial.
 Real governmental power now rests with the
Parliament, the legislative, lawmaking body.
 Great Britain is a democratic regime

11. POLITICAL REGIME
 In contrast, the Third Reich of World War II was
a totalitarian dictatorship.
 Though Adolf Hitler came to the power from a
political party, he controlled the government and
the citizens of Nazi Germany.
 It was a fascist political regime or dictatorship.
 In North Korea currently is also the dictatorship,
though Kim Jong Un is supposing a Chairman of
Communist party

12. POLITICAL REGIME
 The power in an oligarchy is held by a small, elite
group. Unlike in a monarchy, members of an oligarchy
do not necessarily achieve their statuses based on ties
to noble ancestry.
 Rather, they may ascend to positions of power because
of military might, economic power, or similar
circumstances.
 The concept of oligarchy is somewhat elusive; rarely
does a society openly define itself as an oligarchy.
 Many modern nations that claim to be democracies
are really oligarchies.

13. POLITICAL REGIME
 Authoritarianism and totalitarianism are general
terms for nondemocratic political systems ruled by an
individual or a group of individuals who are not freely
elected by their populations and who often exercise
arbitrary power.
 To be more specific, authoritarianism refers to political
systems in which an individual or a group of individuals
holds power, restricts or prohibits popular
participation in governance, and represses dissent.

14. POLITICAL REGIME
 Totalitarianism refers to political systems that include
all the features of authoritarianism but are even
more repressive as they try to regulate and control all
aspects of citizens’ lives and fortunes.
 People can be imprisoned for deviating from acceptable
practices or may even be killed if they dissent in the
mildest of ways.
 Compared to democracies and monarchies, authoritarian
and totalitarian governments are more unstable
politically. The major reason for this is that these
governments enjoy no legitimate authority.

15. POLITICAL REGIME
 In fact, some prominent journalists, such as Paul
Krugman, who won a Nobele laureate prize in
economics, have labeled the United States an oligarchy,
pointing to the influence of large corporations and Wall
Street executives on U.S. policy.
 Other political analysts assert that all democracies are
really just “elected oligarchies,” or systems in which
citizens must vote for an individual who is part of a pool
of candidates who come from the society’s elite ruling
class

16. POLITICAL REGIME
 Representative democracy is more practical than direct
democracy in a society of any significant size (see a sample of
direct democracy in Iceland) .
 At least in theory, it ensures that the individuals who govern a
society are the individuals who have the appropriate talents, skills,
and knowledge to do so.
 Representative democracy thus allows for “the cream to rise to
the top” so that the people who actually govern a society are the
most qualified to perform this essential task.
 But elected officials may also be unduly influenced by campaign
contributions from corporations and other special-interest groups

17. POLITICAL REGIME
 SOURCES:
 https://pressbooks.howardcc.edu/soci101/chapter/14
-2-types-of-political-systems/