This presentation was made by Dr. Tabitha C. Nindi, a Research Fellow at the Malawi University of Science and Technology (MUST), on the 24th of March 2021
The document discusses how the popcorn conversion factor used in crop insurance calculations impacts liability payments for popcorn producers. It provides three scenarios comparing popcorn and corn insurance guarantees in different states and years. As the conversion factor was reduced over time, popcorn guarantees decreased, in some cases by over $100 per acre compared to earlier years or corn guarantees. This can discourage popcorn production if insurance coverage is not sufficient. The document examines how the changing conversion factor affects popcorn insurance coverage and producer decisions.
The document summarizes a study on resource use efficiency in cashew production in Wenchi Municipality, Ghana. It finds that most cashew farmers in the region are aging, have low levels of education, and use traditional farming techniques. Through surveys and statistical analysis, the study determines relationships between various inputs (like land, labor, capital, fertilizer, pesticide) and cashew nut output. It finds that land, fertilizer and pesticide are underutilized, while labor and capital are overutilized. The study concludes farmers could increase productivity by increasing use of underutilized resources like land, fertilizer and pesticide.
World: Cassava - Market Report. Analysis And Forecast To 2020IndexBox Marketing
IndexBox Marketing has just published its report: "World: Cassava - Market Report. Analysis And Forecast To 2020". The report provides an in-depth analysis of the global cassava market. It presents the latest data of the market value, consumption, domestic production, exports and imports, price dynamics and food balance. The report shows the sales data, allowing you to identify the key drivers and restraints. You can find here a strategic analysis of key factors influencing the market. Forecasts illustrate how the market will be transformed in the medium term. Profiles of the leading producers are also included.
Sun Exports India, SENCE Agric, DADTCO
Smallholder farmers in Africa have low productivity and incomes due to subsistence farming practices and lack of investment. Conservation agriculture (CA) has potential to improve this by increasing yields with minimal capital costs. However, CA alone is not sufficient - it must be combined with efforts to organize farmers, establish input and output systems, and develop supportive policies. With CA improving productivity and reducing risk, smallholders could become attractive partners for private sector investment in agricultural markets. But private sector endorsement and involvement is needed to fully unlock the potential of CA for smallholder commercialization and income generation.
Climate change and agriculture in Central America and the Andean regionIFPRI-PIM
PIM Webinar, January 29, 2020.
Climate change poses a threat to food security and nutrition, largely through its impacts on agricultural production. To help developing countries identify where adaptation measures are most needed, IFPRI, with support from the CGIAR Research Programs on Policy, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) and Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS), conducted a multiyear study to assess the potential impact of climate change on the agriculture sector through 2050, taking into account the likely landscape of political and economic challenges that policy makers will face. The study integrated results from climate and economic models, and included detailed biophysical and bioeconomic analyses of Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica in Central America and Colombia and Peru in the Andean region of South America.
Presenters and panelists:
Timothy Thomas, Research Fellow, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Deissy Martínez Barón, Regional Program Coordinator for Latin America, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS)
Ana R. Rios, Natural Resources and Climate Change Senior Specialist, Inter-American Development Bank
More at http://bit.ly/ClimateChangeAgWebinar
The document discusses how the popcorn conversion factor used in crop insurance calculations impacts liability payments for popcorn producers. It provides three scenarios comparing popcorn and corn insurance guarantees in different states and years. As the conversion factor was reduced over time, popcorn guarantees decreased, in some cases by over $100 per acre compared to earlier years or corn guarantees. This can discourage popcorn production if insurance coverage is not sufficient. The document examines how the changing conversion factor affects popcorn insurance coverage and producer decisions.
The document summarizes a study on resource use efficiency in cashew production in Wenchi Municipality, Ghana. It finds that most cashew farmers in the region are aging, have low levels of education, and use traditional farming techniques. Through surveys and statistical analysis, the study determines relationships between various inputs (like land, labor, capital, fertilizer, pesticide) and cashew nut output. It finds that land, fertilizer and pesticide are underutilized, while labor and capital are overutilized. The study concludes farmers could increase productivity by increasing use of underutilized resources like land, fertilizer and pesticide.
World: Cassava - Market Report. Analysis And Forecast To 2020IndexBox Marketing
IndexBox Marketing has just published its report: "World: Cassava - Market Report. Analysis And Forecast To 2020". The report provides an in-depth analysis of the global cassava market. It presents the latest data of the market value, consumption, domestic production, exports and imports, price dynamics and food balance. The report shows the sales data, allowing you to identify the key drivers and restraints. You can find here a strategic analysis of key factors influencing the market. Forecasts illustrate how the market will be transformed in the medium term. Profiles of the leading producers are also included.
Sun Exports India, SENCE Agric, DADTCO
Smallholder farmers in Africa have low productivity and incomes due to subsistence farming practices and lack of investment. Conservation agriculture (CA) has potential to improve this by increasing yields with minimal capital costs. However, CA alone is not sufficient - it must be combined with efforts to organize farmers, establish input and output systems, and develop supportive policies. With CA improving productivity and reducing risk, smallholders could become attractive partners for private sector investment in agricultural markets. But private sector endorsement and involvement is needed to fully unlock the potential of CA for smallholder commercialization and income generation.
Climate change and agriculture in Central America and the Andean regionIFPRI-PIM
PIM Webinar, January 29, 2020.
Climate change poses a threat to food security and nutrition, largely through its impacts on agricultural production. To help developing countries identify where adaptation measures are most needed, IFPRI, with support from the CGIAR Research Programs on Policy, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) and Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS), conducted a multiyear study to assess the potential impact of climate change on the agriculture sector through 2050, taking into account the likely landscape of political and economic challenges that policy makers will face. The study integrated results from climate and economic models, and included detailed biophysical and bioeconomic analyses of Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica in Central America and Colombia and Peru in the Andean region of South America.
Presenters and panelists:
Timothy Thomas, Research Fellow, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Deissy Martínez Barón, Regional Program Coordinator for Latin America, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS)
Ana R. Rios, Natural Resources and Climate Change Senior Specialist, Inter-American Development Bank
More at http://bit.ly/ClimateChangeAgWebinar
Identifying improvements in national institutions and policies for wider adop...FACASI
Identifying improvements in national institutions and policies for wider adoption of two wheeled based mechanization at the Planning and Review meeting in Ethiopia- February, 2014
ICRISAT Research Program West and Central Africa 2016 Highlights- Preliminary...ICRISAT
Pathways to increased productivity and cash incomes from groundnut production in Nigeria are becoming apparent from examining the impact of varietal development of improved varieties.
The document discusses a Kharif Maize Stabilization (KMS) program in Central India aimed at poverty alleviation and food security for tribal families through maize cultivation. It provides an overview of maize production in Central India and findings from a gap analysis study of progressive vs non-progressive maize farmers. The KMS vision is to provide year-round food security and increase livelihood standards for tribal maize growers. The 3-year plan includes expanding outreach, establishing linkages with markets and organizations, conducting mother and baby trials of improved maize varieties, and covering more farmers and acreage each year through local field partners.
The document discusses India's declining agricultural productivity and proposes a new agricultural model to address it. The key points of the proposed model are:
1. Formation of farmer cooperative societies at the regional level to help small landholding farmers pool resources like land and funding.
2. Establishment of marketing hubs, community farming practices, and profit-sharing agreements between farmers.
3. Increased private sector investment and a volunteer network to provide training on modern farming techniques.
The model aims to bridge the gap between food demand and supply in India by leveraging existing systems and policies through cooperative societies that give farmers better access to resources, markets, and knowledge.
Scope, issues of agri inputs marketing and promotion mechanism in nepalSuresh Simkhada
This document discusses strategies for agricultural input marketing in Nepal. It outlines direct selling opportunities from increasing commercialization and government policies promoting mechanization and agribusiness. It also mentions working with various NGOs, cooperatives, farmer groups, and on government projects. Some challenges are unstable demand, high costs, product quality issues, and unhealthy competition. The document recommends institutional and product promotions through events and media. It also suggests various sales promotion strategies like online platforms, incentives, sampling, financing, and after-sales support.
Evidence based assessment of scalability of agricultural technologies: The ca...africa-rising
Presented by Girma T. Kassie, Peter Thorne, Kindu Mekonnen, Karen Brooks, Barbara Rischkowsky, Aynalem Haile, Seid A. Kemal, Lulseged Desta, Zenaye Degefa, Mulugeta Yitayih, Fresenbet Zeleke and Azage Tegegne at the Workshop and Exhibition on Promoting Productivity and Market Access Technologies and Approaches to Improve Farm Income and Livelihoods in Ethiopia: Lessons from Action Research Projects, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 8-9 December 2016
The global grain products market was valued at around $265 billion in 2017. Asia Pacific was the largest region in the grain products market in 2017, accounting for under 57% market share.
Read Report
https://www.thebusinessresearchcompany.com/report/grain-products-global-market-report-2018
Africa RISING Mali report on Year 1 (2012)africa-rising
Presented by Eva Weltzien, Tom van Mourik, A. Rouamba, Vera Lugutuah, Yah Diakite, Bougouna Sogoba, Abdoulaye Diakite, Mamourou Sidibe, Joachim Binam, Augustine Ayantunde and Abdou Fall at the Africa RISING West Africa Stakeholder Meeting, Accra, Ghana, 23 January 2013
Discretionary Policy Interventions in Malawi: An Impact Analysis of Export Ba...IFPRIMaSSP
Jointly with the Ministry of Industry and Trade, IFPRI held a dissemination workshop on "Export Ban and Minimum Farm Gate Prices Study” at Sunbird Capital Hotel on August 24, 2016. The research project was funded by the ASWAP-SP Multi Donor Trust Fund. Three IFPRI researchers presented a summary of the results of the project. A discussion, which involved all the present stakeholders and also remotely participating researchers followed.
This document summarizes the objectives, components, and progress of a project aimed at enhancing groundnut productivity in drought-prone areas of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The project involves farmer-participatory varietal selection in 7 partner countries. Key components include varietal selection trials, farmer awareness activities, seed support, infrastructure development, and capacity building. Trials conducted in multiple regions of India identified farmer-preferred varieties. Breeding programs made progress in developing new varieties with disease resistance and drought tolerance. Lessons learned include the need for contingency planning to address weather variability impacts on rainfed crops.
Measuring policy distortions along agricultural value chains: Lessons from Af...IFPRI-PIM
This document summarizes research analyzing the impact of government policies on agricultural value chains in 4 countries. It studied 9 commodity value chains, calculating Nominal Rates of Protection at different points to see how policies affect incentives. The key findings were that in Ethiopia, policies taxed participants, while in India some were protected and others taxed. In Nigeria, palm oil farmers were protected by policy while cocoa farmers experienced disincentives. Government interventions can have varying impacts along the value chain.
Impacts of 50 years of CIAT research on Tropical AgricultureCIAT
CIAT has worked with partners for 50 years on tropical agriculture research. This research has had significant impacts:
- Bean, cassava, rice, and forage research led to billions in benefits, with beans research alone resulting in $17.4 billion in economic benefits.
- New varieties of various crops were widely adopted, increasing yields and incomes for millions of farmers.
- Recent soil and market linkage research improved sustainability and financial outcomes for smallholders.
- Participatory approaches facilitated environmental protection and new variety development.
Forever Pioneers. 50 Years Contributing to a Sustainable Food Future … And Co...CIAT
Book presentation during CIAT’s 50th Anniversary.
Until now, a written history of CIAT had not been produced, and the closest attempt were the papers presented at the 30th anniversary celebration, which focused on the early development of the Center.
The 50th anniversary offers an opportunity to fill this void. But what makes up the history of an institution, particularly a research institution? It must start with the ideas and the context that went into its initial design and then examine how the organization adapted, changed, and evolved in relation to a dynamic external environment. Read more: http://ciat.cgiar.org/ciat50/ciat50-forever-pioneers-the-book/
Cali, Colombia. 8-9 November 2017
This document discusses seeds, cropping, and marketing in agriculture. It notes that seeds must be properly tested and certified to ensure quality and traceability. Spurious and low quality seeds can damage farmer incomes. The document also discusses factors that influence cropping patterns like climate and demand. Different cropping systems are mentioned, including monocropping, intercropping, and crop rotation. Finally, it outlines some key challenges for agricultural marketing like market information, infrastructure, storage, transportation, middlemen, and demand and supply dynamics.
Towards innovation and growth in Bangladesh’s seed sector by Firdousi Naherifpri_dhaka
The document discusses the seed system in Bangladesh and provides recommendations. It summarizes that the seed system has undergone policy reforms leading to increased private sector participation. However, challenges remain such as slow varietal turnover, crowding out by public sector organizations, and weak incentives for private research. It recommends creating stronger innovation incentives, a more level playing field for private companies, stronger quality control, and greater investment in research and extension.
India has the second largest amount of agricultural land in the world and produces a variety of crops. Food grain production reached a record high in 2015-2016. The government has implemented various schemes and policies to support the agricultural sector through increased investment, infrastructure development, and higher minimum support prices. These measures coupled with growing domestic and international demand are expected to further boost Indian agriculture.
Contract farming can help increase farmer incomes in India by better linking them to markets and addressing issues like lack of capital, infrastructure, and technical knowledge. Under contract farming, a company agrees to purchase crops from farmers at a predetermined price in exchange for providing inputs, training, and buying the harvest. This benefits both farmers through guaranteed sales and prices, and companies by ensuring supply. However, risks exist like uncertainty in new crops, market changes, or companies not upholding contracts. Future strategies include improving farmer bargaining power and ensuring contracts are participatory and transparent. Case studies show companies partnering with governments and farmers groups have successfully increased crop productivity and farmer incomes through contract farming.
Soon we’re all going to be eating data, one byte at a timeCIAT
Talk during CIAT’s 50th Anniversary: Data is the flux capacitor of agricultural research, accelerating us into a future of sustainable, resilient food production, where no-one is left behind.
Speaker: Andy Jarvis, Director, Decision and Policy Analysis Research Area, CIAT
Cali, Colombia. 8-9 November 2017
Identifying improvements in national institutions and policies for wider adop...FACASI
Identifying improvements in national institutions and policies for wider adoption of two wheeled based mechanization at the Planning and Review meeting in Ethiopia- February, 2014
ICRISAT Research Program West and Central Africa 2016 Highlights- Preliminary...ICRISAT
Pathways to increased productivity and cash incomes from groundnut production in Nigeria are becoming apparent from examining the impact of varietal development of improved varieties.
The document discusses a Kharif Maize Stabilization (KMS) program in Central India aimed at poverty alleviation and food security for tribal families through maize cultivation. It provides an overview of maize production in Central India and findings from a gap analysis study of progressive vs non-progressive maize farmers. The KMS vision is to provide year-round food security and increase livelihood standards for tribal maize growers. The 3-year plan includes expanding outreach, establishing linkages with markets and organizations, conducting mother and baby trials of improved maize varieties, and covering more farmers and acreage each year through local field partners.
The document discusses India's declining agricultural productivity and proposes a new agricultural model to address it. The key points of the proposed model are:
1. Formation of farmer cooperative societies at the regional level to help small landholding farmers pool resources like land and funding.
2. Establishment of marketing hubs, community farming practices, and profit-sharing agreements between farmers.
3. Increased private sector investment and a volunteer network to provide training on modern farming techniques.
The model aims to bridge the gap between food demand and supply in India by leveraging existing systems and policies through cooperative societies that give farmers better access to resources, markets, and knowledge.
Scope, issues of agri inputs marketing and promotion mechanism in nepalSuresh Simkhada
This document discusses strategies for agricultural input marketing in Nepal. It outlines direct selling opportunities from increasing commercialization and government policies promoting mechanization and agribusiness. It also mentions working with various NGOs, cooperatives, farmer groups, and on government projects. Some challenges are unstable demand, high costs, product quality issues, and unhealthy competition. The document recommends institutional and product promotions through events and media. It also suggests various sales promotion strategies like online platforms, incentives, sampling, financing, and after-sales support.
Evidence based assessment of scalability of agricultural technologies: The ca...africa-rising
Presented by Girma T. Kassie, Peter Thorne, Kindu Mekonnen, Karen Brooks, Barbara Rischkowsky, Aynalem Haile, Seid A. Kemal, Lulseged Desta, Zenaye Degefa, Mulugeta Yitayih, Fresenbet Zeleke and Azage Tegegne at the Workshop and Exhibition on Promoting Productivity and Market Access Technologies and Approaches to Improve Farm Income and Livelihoods in Ethiopia: Lessons from Action Research Projects, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 8-9 December 2016
The global grain products market was valued at around $265 billion in 2017. Asia Pacific was the largest region in the grain products market in 2017, accounting for under 57% market share.
Read Report
https://www.thebusinessresearchcompany.com/report/grain-products-global-market-report-2018
Africa RISING Mali report on Year 1 (2012)africa-rising
Presented by Eva Weltzien, Tom van Mourik, A. Rouamba, Vera Lugutuah, Yah Diakite, Bougouna Sogoba, Abdoulaye Diakite, Mamourou Sidibe, Joachim Binam, Augustine Ayantunde and Abdou Fall at the Africa RISING West Africa Stakeholder Meeting, Accra, Ghana, 23 January 2013
Discretionary Policy Interventions in Malawi: An Impact Analysis of Export Ba...IFPRIMaSSP
Jointly with the Ministry of Industry and Trade, IFPRI held a dissemination workshop on "Export Ban and Minimum Farm Gate Prices Study” at Sunbird Capital Hotel on August 24, 2016. The research project was funded by the ASWAP-SP Multi Donor Trust Fund. Three IFPRI researchers presented a summary of the results of the project. A discussion, which involved all the present stakeholders and also remotely participating researchers followed.
This document summarizes the objectives, components, and progress of a project aimed at enhancing groundnut productivity in drought-prone areas of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The project involves farmer-participatory varietal selection in 7 partner countries. Key components include varietal selection trials, farmer awareness activities, seed support, infrastructure development, and capacity building. Trials conducted in multiple regions of India identified farmer-preferred varieties. Breeding programs made progress in developing new varieties with disease resistance and drought tolerance. Lessons learned include the need for contingency planning to address weather variability impacts on rainfed crops.
Measuring policy distortions along agricultural value chains: Lessons from Af...IFPRI-PIM
This document summarizes research analyzing the impact of government policies on agricultural value chains in 4 countries. It studied 9 commodity value chains, calculating Nominal Rates of Protection at different points to see how policies affect incentives. The key findings were that in Ethiopia, policies taxed participants, while in India some were protected and others taxed. In Nigeria, palm oil farmers were protected by policy while cocoa farmers experienced disincentives. Government interventions can have varying impacts along the value chain.
Impacts of 50 years of CIAT research on Tropical AgricultureCIAT
CIAT has worked with partners for 50 years on tropical agriculture research. This research has had significant impacts:
- Bean, cassava, rice, and forage research led to billions in benefits, with beans research alone resulting in $17.4 billion in economic benefits.
- New varieties of various crops were widely adopted, increasing yields and incomes for millions of farmers.
- Recent soil and market linkage research improved sustainability and financial outcomes for smallholders.
- Participatory approaches facilitated environmental protection and new variety development.
Forever Pioneers. 50 Years Contributing to a Sustainable Food Future … And Co...CIAT
Book presentation during CIAT’s 50th Anniversary.
Until now, a written history of CIAT had not been produced, and the closest attempt were the papers presented at the 30th anniversary celebration, which focused on the early development of the Center.
The 50th anniversary offers an opportunity to fill this void. But what makes up the history of an institution, particularly a research institution? It must start with the ideas and the context that went into its initial design and then examine how the organization adapted, changed, and evolved in relation to a dynamic external environment. Read more: http://ciat.cgiar.org/ciat50/ciat50-forever-pioneers-the-book/
Cali, Colombia. 8-9 November 2017
This document discusses seeds, cropping, and marketing in agriculture. It notes that seeds must be properly tested and certified to ensure quality and traceability. Spurious and low quality seeds can damage farmer incomes. The document also discusses factors that influence cropping patterns like climate and demand. Different cropping systems are mentioned, including monocropping, intercropping, and crop rotation. Finally, it outlines some key challenges for agricultural marketing like market information, infrastructure, storage, transportation, middlemen, and demand and supply dynamics.
Towards innovation and growth in Bangladesh’s seed sector by Firdousi Naherifpri_dhaka
The document discusses the seed system in Bangladesh and provides recommendations. It summarizes that the seed system has undergone policy reforms leading to increased private sector participation. However, challenges remain such as slow varietal turnover, crowding out by public sector organizations, and weak incentives for private research. It recommends creating stronger innovation incentives, a more level playing field for private companies, stronger quality control, and greater investment in research and extension.
India has the second largest amount of agricultural land in the world and produces a variety of crops. Food grain production reached a record high in 2015-2016. The government has implemented various schemes and policies to support the agricultural sector through increased investment, infrastructure development, and higher minimum support prices. These measures coupled with growing domestic and international demand are expected to further boost Indian agriculture.
Contract farming can help increase farmer incomes in India by better linking them to markets and addressing issues like lack of capital, infrastructure, and technical knowledge. Under contract farming, a company agrees to purchase crops from farmers at a predetermined price in exchange for providing inputs, training, and buying the harvest. This benefits both farmers through guaranteed sales and prices, and companies by ensuring supply. However, risks exist like uncertainty in new crops, market changes, or companies not upholding contracts. Future strategies include improving farmer bargaining power and ensuring contracts are participatory and transparent. Case studies show companies partnering with governments and farmers groups have successfully increased crop productivity and farmer incomes through contract farming.
Soon we’re all going to be eating data, one byte at a timeCIAT
Talk during CIAT’s 50th Anniversary: Data is the flux capacitor of agricultural research, accelerating us into a future of sustainable, resilient food production, where no-one is left behind.
Speaker: Andy Jarvis, Director, Decision and Policy Analysis Research Area, CIAT
Cali, Colombia. 8-9 November 2017
This document summarizes discussions around public-private partnerships (PPPs) for the development and commercialization of waxy cassava starch. It notes that CIAT has developed waxy cassava varieties through mutation breeding and entered into various agreements with companies like Ingredion and the Thai Tapioca Development Institute to develop markets for waxy cassava starch. The document discusses factors like development costs, value chain complexity, and farmer benefits that make PPPs preferable to solely public goods strategies. It also addresses intellectual property, genetic resources issues, commercial viability, and next steps in further developing these PPPs and markets for waxy cassava starch.
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Delivering Acceler...ICRISAT
Strengthening the Science of Delivery by increasing total seed production and availability, increasing access to high-quality seed of improved varieties, creating demand for quality seed (e.g. through value-chain support, demonstration trials, postharvest handling including seed, business training and market linkages), reaching farmers through formal and informal seed systems, lowering costs of seed.......
Adoption and impact of sustainable intensification practices in Ghanaafrica-rising
Poster prepared by F Bekele Hundie Kotu, Arega Alene, Victor Manyong, Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon and Asamoah Larbi for the Africa RISING West Africa Review and Planning Meeting, Accra, 1-2 February 2017
1) The document summarizes a study examining the distributional impacts of yield increases in cassava production in Nigeria.
2) It uses household survey data and a microsimulation approach to estimate the effects on different household types, including impacts on income and poverty levels.
3) The methodology estimates how a 10% increase in cassava yields would affect producer and consumer prices, as well as producer and consumer welfare gains and losses under various scenarios.
Marc Schut presents an overview of Flagship Project 5 'Improved livelihoods at scale' of the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB), during the 18th Triennial Symposium of the International Society of Tropical Roots Crops (ISTRC) in October 2018.
The document provides an overview of current issues in agribusiness. It discusses the evolution of the global agri-food system into a more consumer-driven model. Structural changes include larger farm sizes, specialization, and greater coordination between businesses. Key drivers of change are globalization, new technologies, changes in lifestyle and workforce, and environmental/safety concerns. The document also examines types of business integration like vertical and horizontal integration, and their advantages related to economies of scale, scope, and control over the supply chain.
And what should we do today? Developing a research-for-development agenda for...ILRI
The document discusses opportunities for livestock research to support development goals in developing countries. It identifies three trajectories for livestock systems - "strong growth", "fragile growth", and "high growth with externalities" - and discusses opportunities within each trajectory. For systems with strong growth, research could focus on sustainable intensification and market access. For fragile systems, research could enhance resilience. For high-growth systems, managing environmental and health risks is a priority. The document advocates for research with stakeholders and a theory of change to achieve impact at scale.
Futuristic multi-model approach : Customizing adaptation packages to reduce v...ICRISAT
Using a multi-model framework for climate, crop, livestock and socio-economic simulation, customized climate change adaptation packages were developed for farmers in Nkayi, Zimbabwe. The computer simulated scenarios are helping policy makers to make crucial decisions to support farmers.
Alejandro Nin-Pratt, Jawoo Koo, and David J Spielman, International Food Policy Research Institute
Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia conference “Agriculture and Rural Transformation in Asia: Past Experiences and Future Opportunities”. An international conference jointly organized by ReSAKSS-Asia, IFPRI, TDRI, and TVSEP project of Leibniz Universit Hannover with support from USAID and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the Dusit Thani Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand December 12–14, 2017.
The document discusses increasing genetic gains in farmers' fields in Africa through public sector crop breeding programs. It notes that current rates of genetic gain achieved by these programs are suboptimal. The key points are:
1. Genetic gain is measured as the annual increase in productivity due to breeding, but is difficult to measure directly in farmers' fields. Estimates suggest average genetic gains of around 0.3% per year for maize in Africa.
2. Higher genetic gains over the long term can transform agriculture by providing steady improvements, effective climate adaptation, and reduced environmental impacts. However, rates of 1-2% per year are needed to have significant impacts.
3. To increase genetic gains, public breeding
Shining a brighter light: Data-driven evidence on adoption and diffusion of a...Francois Stepman
Karen Macours, Chaired Paris School of Economics Professor, Research Director INRAE; Chair, SPIA (Standing Panel on Impact Assessment). WEBINAR: 21 January 2021. Shining a Brighter Light: Comprehensive Evidence on Adoption and Diffusion of CGIAR-Related Innovations in Ethiopia
The document summarizes features of the Africa South of the Sahara Food Security Portal, including its policy research networks, media analysis tools, soil profiles, agricultural R&D indicators, themes and discussions, prices and early warning systems for food security monitoring in the region. The portal aims to provide timely policy-relevant research and influence food security policy processes through an inclusive network.
Presentation at the 95th Governing Board meeting (Program Committee) By Resea...ICRISAT
In support of SDG #2 and others, Research Program -Innovation Systems for the Drylands provide the knowledge, tools and capacity for enabling people in the drylands to transition towards sustainable and resilient farm and food systems. Some of the Priority research issues are listed in this presentation.
Delivery systems designed to meet the needs of women and the poorCIAT
Delivery systems designed to meet the needs of women and the poor are an important area for public sector research. Research can identify strategic features of equitable and effective delivery systems, catalyze implementation through testing approaches, and provide evidence for policy changes. For seed-based technologies, delivery systems research has focused on testing small seed packs, identifying varieties preferred by women, and selling seed through open markets and stores to improve access for poor farmers. Going forward, research should sharpen visions for both private and public sector delivery, demand impact on the poor and women in project design, test a range of delivery options, and only scale options that are equitable.
Semelhante a Understanding the factors that influence cereal legume adoption amongst smallholder farmers in Malawi (20)
The importance of sustainable and efficient computational practices in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning has become increasingly critical. This webinar focuses on the intersection of sustainability and AI, highlighting the significance of energy-efficient deep learning, innovative randomization techniques in neural networks, the potential of reservoir computing, and the cutting-edge realm of neuromorphic computing. This webinar aims to connect theoretical knowledge with practical applications and provide insights into how these innovative approaches can lead to more robust, efficient, and environmentally conscious AI systems.
Webinar Speaker: Prof. Claudio Gallicchio, Assistant Professor, University of Pisa
Claudio Gallicchio is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Pisa, Italy. His research involves merging concepts from Deep Learning, Dynamical Systems, and Randomized Neural Systems, and he has co-authored over 100 scientific publications on the subject. He is the founder of the IEEE CIS Task Force on Reservoir Computing, and the co-founder and chair of the IEEE Task Force on Randomization-based Neural Networks and Learning Systems. He is an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS).
This presentation by Professor Giuseppe Colangelo, Jean Monnet Professor of European Innovation Policy, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Carrer goals.pptx and their importance in real lifeartemacademy2
Career goals serve as a roadmap for individuals, guiding them toward achieving long-term professional aspirations and personal fulfillment. Establishing clear career goals enables professionals to focus their efforts on developing specific skills, gaining relevant experience, and making strategic decisions that align with their desired career trajectory. By setting both short-term and long-term objectives, individuals can systematically track their progress, make necessary adjustments, and stay motivated. Short-term goals often include acquiring new qualifications, mastering particular competencies, or securing a specific role, while long-term goals might encompass reaching executive positions, becoming industry experts, or launching entrepreneurial ventures.
Moreover, having well-defined career goals fosters a sense of purpose and direction, enhancing job satisfaction and overall productivity. It encourages continuous learning and adaptation, as professionals remain attuned to industry trends and evolving job market demands. Career goals also facilitate better time management and resource allocation, as individuals prioritize tasks and opportunities that advance their professional growth. In addition, articulating career goals can aid in networking and mentorship, as it allows individuals to communicate their aspirations clearly to potential mentors, colleagues, and employers, thereby opening doors to valuable guidance and support. Ultimately, career goals are integral to personal and professional development, driving individuals toward sustained success and fulfillment in their chosen fields.
1.) Introduction
Our Movement is not new; it is the same as it was for Freedom, Justice, and Equality since we were labeled as slaves. However, this movement at its core must entail economics.
2.) Historical Context
This is the same movement because none of the previous movements, such as boycotts, were ever completed. For some, maybe, but for the most part, it’s just a place to keep your stable until you’re ready to assimilate them into your system. The rest of the crabs are left in the world’s worst parts, begging for scraps.
3.) Economic Empowerment
Our Movement aims to show that it is indeed possible for the less fortunate to establish their economic system. Everyone else – Caucasian, Asian, Mexican, Israeli, Jews, etc. – has their systems, and they all set up and usurp money from the less fortunate. So, the less fortunate buy from every one of them, yet none of them buy from the less fortunate. Moreover, the less fortunate really don’t have anything to sell.
4.) Collaboration with Organizations
Our Movement will demonstrate how organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, National Urban League, Black Lives Matter, and others can assist in creating a much more indestructible Black Wall Street.
5.) Vision for the Future
Our Movement will not settle for less than those who came before us and stopped before the rights were equal. The economy, jobs, healthcare, education, housing, incarceration – everything is unfair, and what isn’t is rigged for the less fortunate to fail, as evidenced in society.
6.) Call to Action
Our movement has started and implemented everything needed for the advancement of the economic system. There are positions for only those who understand the importance of this movement, as failure to address it will continue the degradation of the people deemed less fortunate.
No, this isn’t Noah’s Ark, nor am I a Prophet. I’m just a man who wrote a couple of books, created a magnificent website: http://www.thearkproject.llc, and who truly hopes to try and initiate a truly sustainable economic system for deprived people. We may not all have the same beliefs, but if our methods are tried, tested, and proven, we can come together and help others. My website: http://www.thearkproject.llc is very informative and considerably controversial. Please check it out, and if you are afraid, leave immediately; it’s no place for cowards. The last Prophet said: “Whoever among you sees an evil action, then let him change it with his hand [by taking action]; if he cannot, then with his tongue [by speaking out]; and if he cannot, then, with his heart – and that is the weakest of faith.” [Sahih Muslim] If we all, or even some of us, did this, there would be significant change. We are able to witness it on small and grand scales, for example, from climate control to business partnerships. I encourage, invite, and challenge you all to support me by visiting my website.
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This presentation by Juraj Čorba, Chair of OECD Working Party on Artificial Intelligence Governance (AIGO), was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Yong Lim, Professor of Economic Law at Seoul National University School of Law, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
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Why Psychological Safety Matters for Software Teams - ACE 2024 - Ben Linders.pdfBen Linders
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But, how safe is a team? How can we determine if there are any factors that make the team unsafe or have an impact on the team’s culture?
In this mini-workshop, we’ll play games for psychological safety and team culture utilizing a deck of coaching cards, The Psychological Safety Cards. We will learn how to use gamification to gain a better understanding of what’s going on in teams. Individuals share what they have learned from working in teams, what has impacted the team’s safety and culture, and what has led to positive change.
Different game formats will be played in groups in parallel. Examples are an ice-breaker to get people talking about psychological safety, a constellation where people take positions about aspects of psychological safety in their team or organization, and collaborative card games where people work together to create an environment that fosters psychological safety.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
XP 2024 presentation: A New Look to Leadershipsamililja
Presentation slides from XP2024 conference, Bolzano IT. The slides describe a new view to leadership and combines it with anthro-complexity (aka cynefin).
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This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition – SCHREPEL – June 2024 OECD dis...
Understanding the factors that influence cereal legume adoption amongst smallholder farmers in Malawi
1. UNDERSTANDING THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CEREAL-
LEGUME ADOPTION AMONGST SMALLHOLDER FARMERS
IN MALAWI
By
Tabitha C. Nindi
March 24th , 2021
2. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
3
❑I would like to thank Dr. Jacob Ricker-Gilbert for trusting me to facilitate
the DeSIRA project research work for IFPRI Malawi and for his valuable
comments and suggestions.
❑I also would like to thank Dr. Bob Baulch for facilitating access to CGIAR
papers and data and also for his valuable feedback, comments, and
suggestions to the earlier versions of the report.
3. About me !!!
4
❑Research Background : Research Fellow at the Centre for Innovation and
Industrial Research (CIIR) under MUST.
❑Extensive experience in econometric methods using observational data, running
large RCTs, experimental auctions, and developing math programming models.
❑Research interests: Poverty and rural development, agricultural technology
and innovations, agricultural marketing, food security and food safety.
➢Today’s Brown bag session: Smallholder farmers’ production decisions →
Maize-Legume intercropping.
4. Outline
1. Study motivations
2. Literature and contributions
3. Research questions and objectives
4. Methodology
• Stochastic process
• Model set up and assumptions
• Data and sources
5. Results and Discussions
• Pre-harvest technology adoption
• Post-harvest technology adoption
6. Conclusions and Policy Implications
5
5. ❑Sustainable Intensification practices (SI) are cropping systems that conserve the
soil structure to maintain and improve soil health and fertility, the environment
and natural resources (Silberg et al. 2017).
❑These include practices like
➢Agroforestry,
➢Crop rotation,
➢Conservation agriculture
➢and cereal-legume intercropping.
6
Research Motivation
6. ❑SI practices like cereal-legume intercropping are considered to offer several benefits to farmers:
➢Soil fertility and increased productivity (Holden et al. 2018; Silberg et al. 2017)
➢Pest and disease control (Thayamini et al. 2010; Carson, 1989; Carsky et al., 1994)
➢Weed control (Mhango et al. 2013; Rubiales et al., 2006 ; Oswald et al., 2002)
➢ Reduce production risk (Layek et al. 2018; Kassie et al. 2015).
7
Research Motivation
7. Research Motivation
❑However, smallholder farmers’ adoption rate of cereal-legume intercropping
remains low in SSA.
❑ In Malawi, wide gap between awareness and adoption of SI practices
like cereal –legume intercropping (Ragasa et al. 2019; Jambo et al. 2019;
Jaleta, et al. 2015).
➢Why is adoption low?
➢Are the benefits overestimated?
➢Heterogeneity in gains?
Introduction
8
9. Literature on cereal-legume adoption
➢ Land constraints
➢ Labor constraints
➢ Capital to invest for
long-term benefits
➢ Limited market access
i.e., low yielding seed.
➢ Limited access to
output markets i.e.,
low output prices.
➢ Access to SI
information i.e.,
extension services
10
10. Literature on cereal-legume adoption
➢ Land constraints
➢ Labor constraints
➢ Capital to invest for
long-term benefits
➢ Limited market access
i.e., low yielding seed.
➢ Limited access to
output markets i.e.,
low output prices.
➢ Access to SI
information i.e.,
extension services
11
11. Research Questions
1. How do resource constraints (i.e., land ,labor) influence farmers’ SI adoption and
marketing decisions?
2. How does market access (i.e., input and output market ) influence farmers’ SI
adoption and marketing decisions?
3. How does risk (i.e., uncertainty in yields and prices) influence farm households’ SI
production and marketing decisions?
12
12. Cropping systems or production technologies
❑Three crops of interest, that is, maize, beans and pigeon peas
➢ Commonly produced crops and representative of the generic cereal-legume
intercropping systems in the country.
❑We consider 5 pre-planting technologies or cropping systems:
➢T1: pure stand,
➢T2: maize-beans,
➢T3: maize-pigeon peas,
➢T4: Beans-pigeon peas and ;
➢T5: maize-beans-pigeon peas.
13
13. Objective
▪ We use dynamic stochastic programming to evaluate how these constraints influence
smallholders’ production choices (i.e., cropping systems).
▪ The model helps to give a snap-shot of how the farmers makes their production and
adoption choices under risk (Optimal strategy under risk).
➢Random variables included i.e., prices, yields.
➢Choice variables include:- cropping system mix, how much to produce, how much
to store, how much to sell, how much to purchase.
14
14. Objective
❑We use model scenarios to assess the impacts of alternative policies (i.e. land,
labor, input and output market).
❑The farm households’ optimal farm plans are compared across the scenarios:
Status quo
Labor
constraint
relaxed
15
Access to
output
markets
Land
Constraint
relaxed
Access to
input
markets
No
Constraints
15. The Stochastic Process
Period 1:
Planting year 1
Period 2:
Harvest year 1
Period 3:
Planting year 2
Period 4:
Harvest year 2
Period 5:
Planting year 3
Period 6:
Harvest year 3
DEC MAY DEC MAY DEC MAY
Methodology
Decisions:
land
allocation
to different
cropping
systems
yield &
prices
evolution
Decisions:
Sell
Store
Purchase
save
prices
Decisions:
Sell
Store
Purchase
save
Price
evolution
Decisions:
land
allocation to
different
cropping
systems
yield &
prices
evolution
Decisions:
land
allocation
to different
cropping
systems
Decisions:
Sell
Store
Purchase
save
yield &
prices
evolution
End
period
Wealth
(WT)
❑Finite horizon model spanning 3 cropping years with 2 decision point per year.
➢Seasonal price dynamics on production decisions.
➢Inter-year effects of SI (i.e., medium to long term effects of SI).
❑Low productivity in first year with increasing return over time: highest returns are not immediate
➢Poor households limited ability to handle reduction in output for longer-term returns gains.
16
16. The Stochastic Process:
❑Decisions at Planting: Technology or cropping system mix
➢The farmer chooses which cropping system or production technologies to use out of
the 5 systems:
➢How much land to allocate to the different cropping systems and
➢We assume that for T2 to T5, the ratio of land allocation to crops within each system
is 1:1.
❑Decisions at harvest: how much to store, sell, or purchase and which storage
technology to use.
➢We consider 2 post-harvest technologies: the traditional woven bag and PICS bags
and farmer choices which of the two to use for storage.
Introduction
17
17. The Stochastic Process: Prices & Yields
Methodology
❑Yields and prices considered to be jointly distributed and empirically
approximated using Gaussian Quadrature(GQ).
❑GQ helps to construct a discrete empirical distribution that mirrors their actual
historical distribution based on moments (see DeVuyst and Preckel 2007 for
details).
❑We have three states of nature namely:
➢Good, average and bad for yields;
➢ High, medium and low for prices and;
❑ These states of nature are parameterized using quartiles.
18
18. Model and Assumptions
Methodology
❑The household is assumed to be making decisions sequentially from the
planting season through to harvests year 3.
❑The household then, makes production, storage and marketing decisions to
maximize the expected ending wealth.
❑A finite-lived household’s expected ending wealth expressed as :
Where:
➢ Wi is household’s profits or wealth generated under different states of nature;
➢Pi is the probability of the i-th state of nature;
➢Farmer assumed to be risk neutral.
(1)
1
i i
K
Maximize E W W P
i
=
=
19
19. Model and Assumptions
Methodology
20
Resources:
❑ We assume the farmer has three key production resources: land, labor and cash.
❑ We have accounting constraints for these at each stage for each state of nature to
track the farmer’s use of each of the three resources.
❑ Goal is to ensure the uses of these resources are equal or less that the sources or
endowments.
❑ That is, the objective is optimized subject to these accounting constraints.
20. Model and Assumptions
Methodology
❑The problem if to max. objective in equation (1) subject to accounting constraints
(i.e., uses ≤ sources ) below:
❑The number of equations for each constraint depend on the realized state of nature in
that given stage.
1) Grain accounting constraints for each crop (kgs)
➢i.e., uses storage, sales, consumption ≤ sources: purchases, inventory, production.
✓Production -> build in high yielding varieties –access to better input markets.
2) Land constraints (for planting period only in acres).
3) Labor constraints (for each planting & harvest period in hours)
a) Can use hired labor at harvest
21
21. ❑The constraints (i.e., uses ≤ sources) for each stage include:
4) Inventory capacity constraints (kgs)
5) Cash accounting constraints (in MK)
➢i.e., uses savings, household expenses, grain purchases, production costs, labor
costs ≤ sources: grain sales, remittances or wages, savings carried over.
➢grain sales= build in access to better output markets ->higher prices.
Model and Assumptions
Methodology
22
22. Data and Sources
Methodology
Parameters Details Units Sources
Prices 1989 to 2016 (Monthly) (MK/kg) FAO /AMIS data
Yields 1989 to 2016 (Annual) (kg/ac) FAO /AMIS data
Grain Consumption 2016/17 surveys kgs IHS4 Household module G1to G3
Expenditures 2016/17 surveys MK IHS4 Household module G1to G3
labor 2016/17 surveys Hours IHS4 Agricultural Module D
land 2016/17 surveys acres IHS4 households Data
PHL Recent estimate Loss rate APHLIS website
Transaction Costs IHS data MK IFPRI Key Fact Sheets
Initial endowments IHS data Kgs, MK IFPRI Key Fact Sheets
Variable costs IHS data MK IFPRI Key Fact Sheets
Inventory Capacity IHS data kgs IFPRI Key Fact Sheets
Minimum wage 2018 MoL MK/hour Ministry Labor
23
23. Results and Discussions
Notations to Note :
❑T1M is pure stand maize;
❑T1P is pure stand pigeon peas;
❑T1B is pure stand common beans;
❑T2 is double intercropping of maize with beans;
❑T3 is double intercropping of maize with pigeon peas;
❑T4 is legume double intercropping; and
❑T5 is triple cropping of maize, beans and pigeon peas.
❑Total landholding is 1.5 acres
24
24. Results and Discussions
❑Scenario 1: Status Quo
➢ Subsistence approach with T1 (Pure stand-maize) dominating the share of land throughout the 3-
year planning horizon.
➢80 % of the farmland is allocated to T1 with the rest allocated to either T2 or T3.
25
SCENARIO1:THESTATUSQUO(BASELINE)
25. Results and Discussions
❑Scenario 2: labor relaxed
➢On average the farmer’s optimal plan is to consistently allocate land to intercropping maize with
beans and/or pigeon peas: technologies: T2, T3 or T5).
➢Labor intensification strategy.
26
SCENARIO2:RELAXEDLABORCONSTRAINTS
26. Results and Discussions
Scenario 3: land relaxed
➢Over 40 % of the land allocated to triple cropping of maize and legumes (T5) for the 1st and 2nd
cropping cycles in our planning horizon
➢More intensive crop diversification with pure stand maize (T1) and T4 not part of the optimal
production plan
27
SCENARIO3: RELAXEDLAND CONSTRAINTS
27. Results and Discussions
Scenario 4 : Yields improved
➢ Model suggest a production plan that only has T4 and T5 &
T4 taking up to about 30 % of the total farmland.
➢Legume-orientated cropping systems.
28
SCENARIO4:INCREASEDLEGUMEINPUTMARKETACCESS(IMPROVEDYIELDS)
28. Results and Discussions
Scenario 5 : Higher output prices
➢Similar solution patterns as in scenario 4 where only T4 and T5 are part of the optimal
production plan.
➢ However, in this scenario, close to over 50 percent of the total farmland is allocated to T4.
29
SCENARIO5:INCREASEDLEGUMEOUTPUTMARKETACCESS(HIGHERPRICES)
29. Results and Discussions
❑Scenario 6: Unconstrained (Targeted)
➢ Optimal production plan is to allocate all the land to T5 in year 1 and then downscale to
either T2, or T3, or T4 in years 2 and 3.
30
SCENARIO6:UNCONSTRAINEDSCENARIO
30. Post-harvest technology use
❑In Scenario 7 has the farmer storing a much higher proportions of his harvest compared to
the baseline scenario.
❑Example : Maize: 10 to 30 % of maize harvest is stored with ordinary woven bags but this
increases to 22 to 73 % with PICS bags.
Results and Discussions
31
SCENARIO 7: PERCENT CROP STORAGE AT HARVEST FOR BASELINE WOVEN BAG VS. RELAXED STORAGE CONSTRAINTS
31. Conclusions
❑The model results help to show the impact of the resource (land and labor) and market
(input or output markets) constraints on farmers cropping system choice.
1. Relaxing labor constraints by doubling the farm household’s labor endowments
pushes the farmer towards more labor-intensive production systems involving
intercropping of maize with beans and/or pigeon peas.
2. Increasing access to high yielding varieties and high-value markets also show that
the farm household will move towards a relatively more legume-based cropping
pattern.
3. The lack of effective storage technologies may be influencing farmers rom
participating in grain storage in the post-harvest period.
32
32. Key Policy Implications
a) Need for policy that could help increasing access to high yielding varieties
and high-value markets for smallholder farmers .
b) Need increase farmers access to improved and effective storage technologies.
❑Model helps to illustrate how different factors (land, labor, market access,
technology access) affect smallholder farmers’ decisions in Malawi.
33
34. Parameters for Baseline Model
Methodology
35
Parameter Value Units Source
Landholding 1.5 Acres IHS4 Data: Agriculture Module B1
Household expenditure 18,386 MK per month IHS4 WB Household Module G1 to G3
Maize consumption 109 Kgs per month IHS4 Data: Household Module G1 to G3
Pigeon peas consumption 10.5 Kgs per month IHS4 Data: Household Module G1 to G3
Beans consumption 14 Kgs per month IHS4 Data: Household Module G1 to G3
Household size 4 Persons IHS4 WB aggregate consumption per capita
PHL maize 4.1 percent APHLIS website
PHL Pigeon peas 12 percent per month (Estimate/proxy) Affognon et al. 2015; Ambler et al. 2018
PHL Beans 12 percent per month (Estimate/proxy) Ambler et al. 2018
Inventory capacity 1,500 Kg PICS Baseline Survey for RCT 1 Module F1
Trade capacity 250 kgs per month PICS Baseline Survey for RCT 1 Module F1
Wage per hour 175 Mk per hour IHS4 Data: Household Module E waged jobs
Hired labor hours 14 hours per week per person IHS4 HH Module E Casual labor hours
Available hired labor harvest period 1,975 Hours available harvest season Imputed IHS4 Data: Agriculture Module D & E
Family agricultural labor 12.5 hours per week per person Malawi IHS4 Report (Page 112)
Available family labor 860 Hours available per season Imputed IHS4 report (page 112) & Household size
Enterprise revenue 20,821.4 MK per month IHS4 Data: Household Module E enterprises
Other cash sources 3275 MK per month IHS4 Data: Household Module E other sources
Cash remittances (Wages + other transfers) 44,296.4 MK per Month PICS Baseline Survey for RCT 1 Module D1
Cash savings (Initial cash endowments) 85,500 Malawi Kwacha (2016) IHS4 Data: Household Module P Incomes
Maize stocks (Initial endowments) 295 Kgs IHS4 Data: Agricultural Module I Sales and Storage
Pigeon peas stocks (Initial endowments) 42 Kgs IHS4 Data: Agricultural Module I Sales and Storage
Beans stocks (Initial endowments) 35 Kgs IHS4 Data: Agricultural Module I Sales and Storage
35. 36
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