Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria that generally affects the lungs. There were an estimated 8.6 million new cases of tuberculosis globally in 2012, with the highest numbers occurring in Asia and Africa. The global incidence of tuberculosis has been slowly declining since 2002 due to control efforts. Tuberculosis can be either latent, where the immune system keeps the bacteria from spreading but it remains alive in the body, or active, where the bacteria multiply and cause illness.

1. TUBERCULOSIS
MOHAMMED AYESH ABDO HASAN MOAFA
B.PHARM , M.PHARM , MBA , M.A , M.SC
TAMIL NADU STATE , INDIA .

2. Tuberculosis (TB) :
is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria.[1] Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs,
but can also affect other parts of the body.
DEFINITION OF TUBERCULOSIS

3. Global Epidemiology
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 8.6 million cases (8.3–9.0
million) were estimated to have occurred in 2012, approximately 2.9 of whom were in
women. Most cases are estimated to be in Asia and Africa (58% and 27%
respectively), with the highest incidence in India (range 2.0–2.4 million) and China
(0.9 −1.1 million), together accounting for 38% of the total number of cases.1
The global TB incidence rate slowly declined from 1997 to 2001, with an increase in
2001 (due to the rising number of cases among HIV-infected patients in Africa)
(Figure 1). Subsequently, a 1.3% per year average reduction rate has been observed
since 2002, reaching 2.2% between 2010 and 2011. The absolute number of cases is
also currently decreasing, though this declining trend only began in 2006. Based on
these findings, the Millennium Development Goal 6 Target for tuberculosis (i.e. “to
halt and begin to reverse the incidence”) has already been achieved.
TUBERCULOSIS EPIDEMOLOGY

4. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS

5. CAUSES OF TUBERCULOSIS
TUBERCULOSIS TRANSMISSION

6. CLASSIFICATION OF TUBERCULOSIS

7. TYPES OF TUBERCULOSIS BASED ON BODY ORGANS

11. Tuberculosis Types
A TB infection doesn't always mean you'll get
sick. There are two forms of the disease:
 Latent TB. You have the germs in your
body, but your immune system keeps
them from spreading. You don't have any
symptoms, and you're not contagious.
But
the infection is still alive and can one day
become active. If you're at high risk for
re-activation -- for instance, if you have
HIV, you had an infection in the past 2
years, your chest X-ray is unusual, or your
immune system is weakened -- your
doctor will give you medications to prevent
active TB.
 Active TB. The germs multiply and make
you sick. You can spread the disease to
others. Ninety percent of active cases in
adults come from a latent TB infection.
 A latent or active TB infection can also be drug-
resistant, meaning certain medications don't work
against the bacteria.
TYPES OF TUBERCULOSIS BASED ON ORGANS

12. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF TUBERCULOSIS

13. DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS

17. PATHOGENESIS

18. TUBERCULOSIS PREVENTION

20. COMPLICATIONS

21. TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS
A)PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT

29. B) NON – PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT