Introduction to Computer Computer and Examples History of Computer

1. Lecture no : 1
Introduction to Computer/ Computer
Education
Mr. Muhammad Moazzam
MPhil Public Health
BSc BioMedical
University of the Lahore

2. Contents
• Introduction to Computer
• Computer and Examples
• History of Computer

3. Introduction to Computer
• Consider this sentence:
‘’Computers are everywhere.’’
• Computer are so common in modern society
that everyone is affected by computer
technology to some extent
• It was originally invented to do speedy and
accurate calculations, it can be used for other
purposes too

4. Introduction to Computer
• In past two decades, computers have reshaped
our lives at home, work and school
• In fact, you can find computer almost
everywhere. Microwave ovens and
wristwatches also contain computer chips

5. Computer
A computer is an electronics
device that processes data and converts
it into information
Computer run programs, which
process data and perform tasks based on
the instruction contained in the program

6. Computer

7. Contd.
• Because a computer program can evaluate data
and then based on those evaluation, results are
generated which can be used for large number
of applications
• Computer can process data with litter
assistance

8. Examples of Computer applications:
• Controlling space flight

9. Examples of Computer applications:
• Landing airplanes

10. Examples of Computer applications:
• Tracking inventory

11. Examples of Computer applications:
• Printing books

12. Examples of Computer applications:
• Turning on lights at a specified time

13. Examples of Computer applications:
• Checking out groceries at the checkout counter

14. History of Computer
• Originally calculations were computed by
humans, whose job title was computers
• These human computers were typically
engaged in the calculation of a mathematical
expression.
• The calculations of this period were specialized
and expensive, requiring years of training in
mathematics
• The first use of the word "computer" was
recorded in 1613, referring to a person who
carried out calculations, or computations, and
the word continued to be used in that sense
until the middle of the 20th century

15. History of Computer
1- Abacus:
• The computer history start out about 500 years
ago with the birth of the abacus
• The abacus was an early aid for mathematical
computations
• The abacus , also called a counting frame, is
a calculating tool that was in use in Europe,
China and Russia

16. Abacus
• A skilled abacus operator can work on
addition and subtraction problems at the
speed of a person equipped with a hand
calculator

17. Picture of Abacus:

18. 2-Pascal’s Calculator:
• Father of modern Calculators
• Built for Etienne Pascal, his father a
accountant for the King of France
• Prove to society that human brain power can
be artificially produced by machine
• Pascal (17th century) inverted a machine that a
system of gears.It is the first numerical
calculating machine that can add and subtract

19. Pascal’sCalculator:

20. 3-Charles Baggage:
• 1833 Charles Baggage desings the analytical
machine that follows instructions from
punched cards
• Charles’machine calculating and printing
mathematical tables like they were used in
the navy

21. Charles Baggage:

22. 4-Electronics Digital Computers:
• Start of World War 2,need large number of
calculations for made new weapons.
• 1942 John W.Machly and their associates
decided to build a high speed electronic
computer to do the job.
• This machine was known as ENIAC
• ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer.

23. Electronics Digital Computers:

24. 5-The Modern Stored Program:
• Von Neumann contributed a new awareness of
how practical and fast computers should be
built. These ideas known as stored-program
techniques

25. Von Neumann’s Theory:
‘’Data and program can be stored in the same
memory.Thus,the machine can itself alter either
its program or internal data.’’

26. 6-Univac
• The UNIVAC (Universal Automatic
Computer) computer was made in 1951.
• This computer was faster and smaller than
ENIAC
• This is first computer
for commercial use

27. 7-1970’s Advancement in Computer:
• In 1970’s-1980’s,more development happened
in computer like reduce size, use very large
scale transistors in one chip
• In 1980’s ,Japanese announced a big plan to
design and build a new generation of computer
• The cost of computer is rapidly lessening and
efficiency are expected to increase in the early
future