6. Revolution
Revolution:
An overthrow or thorough replacement of an
established government or political system
7. Revolution
Revolution:
An overthrow or thorough replacement of an
established government or political system
A radical change in society and the social structure,
especially one made suddenly and often
accompanied by violence
8. Revolution
Revolution:
An overthrow or thorough replacement of an
established government or political system
A radical change in society and the social structure,
especially one made suddenly and often
accompanied by violence
A sudden, complete or marked change in
something
9. Revolution
•American Revolution
• French Revolution
• Russian Revolution
• Industrial Revolution
• Green Revolution
12. Revolution
• Topic Narrowing within a Revolution
• What are the causes and effects of a revolution?
• What led up to the revolution? What was the tipping point?
13. Revolution
• Topic Narrowing within a Revolution
• What are the causes and effects of a revolution?
• What led up to the revolution? What was the tipping point?
• What are the outcomes on participants?
14. Revolution
• Topic Narrowing within a Revolution
• What are the causes and effects of a revolution?
• What led up to the revolution? What was the tipping point?
• What are the outcomes on participants?
• Who won? Who lost?
15. Revolution
• Topic Narrowing within a Revolution
• What are the causes and effects of a revolution?
• What led up to the revolution? What was the tipping point?
• What are the outcomes on participants?
• Who won? Who lost?
• Why was it revolutionary?
21. Revolution
• Ex. Martin Luther King Jr. and non-violent
forms of protest
Is peaceful protest in the 1960s revolutionary?
22. Revolution
• Ex. Martin Luther King Jr. and non-violent
forms of protest
Is peaceful protest in the 1960s revolutionary?
Mahtma Ghandi and Indian Independence?
23. Revolution
• Ex. Martin Luther King Jr. and non-violent
forms of protest
Is peaceful protest in the 1960s revolutionary?
Mahtma Ghandi and Indian Independence?
Is King a revolutionary?
24. Revolution
• Ex. Martin Luther King Jr. and non-violent
forms of protest
Is peaceful protest in the 1960s revolutionary?
Mahtma Ghandi and Indian Independence?
Is King a revolutionary?
• Arguing multiple “revolutions” in a topic can become confusing
27. Revolution
What constitutes a revolution can be very
subjective
Ex. Music – 1950s rock n’ roll
Ex. Invention – Ford’s Model T/ assembly line
28. Revolution
What constitutes a revolution can be very
subjective
Ex. Music – 1950s rock n’ roll
Ex. Invention – Ford’s Model T/ assembly line
Ex. Act or Laws – 1921 Immigration Act
29. Revolution
What constitutes a revolution can be very
subjective
Ex. Music – 1950s rock n’ roll
Ex. Invention – Ford’s Model T/ assembly line
Ex. Act or Laws – 1921 Immigration Act
Ex. Ideology – King Henry VIII’s break
with from Rome
30. Revolution
What constitutes a revolution can be very
subjective
Ex. Music – 1950s rock n’ roll
Ex. Invention – Ford’s Model T/ assembly line
Ex. Act or Laws – 1921 Immigration Act
Ex. Ideology – King Henry VIII’s break
with from Rome
Failed revolutions can be interesting moments in
history to explore
31. Revolution
What constitutes a revolution can be very
subjective
Ex. Music – 1950s rock n’ roll
Ex. Invention – Ford’s Model T/ assembly line
Ex. Act or Laws – 1921 Immigration Act
Ex. Ideology – King Henry VIII’s break
with from Rome
Failed revolutions can be interesting moments in
history to explore
* Be careful of “What If” history
33. Reaction
Revolutions are often defined by how people react
Reaction:
Action in response to some influence, event, etc.
34. Reaction
Revolutions are often defined by how people react
Reaction:
Action in response to some influence, event, etc.
Reactions can be words, actions, or changes in a way of
thinking
36. Reaction
Important to include multiple reactions
Most human element of a historical story
37. Reaction
Important to include multiple reactions
Most human element of a historical story
Reactions should not simply exist in a person’s
thoughts
38. Reaction
Important to include multiple reactions
Most human element of a historical story
Reactions should not simply exist in a person’s
thoughts
Consider how people’s reactions cause or halt change?
39. Reaction
Important to include multiple reactions
Most human element of a historical story
Reactions should not simply exist in a person’s
thoughts
Consider how people’s reactions cause or halt change?
What happens when reactions are stifled?
41. Reaction
Reaction proceeds and succeeds both of the other R’s
Revolution
•Reaction prompts reform/revolution
• Revolution/reform causes reaction
Reform Reaction
42. Reaction
Reactions can take the form of:
protests
petitions
polls
political cartoons
boycotts
rallies
editorials
letters
diary entries
crimes
43. Reaction
Reactions can take the form of:
protests
petitions
polls
political cartoons
boycotts
rallies
editorials
letters
diary entries
crimes
44. Reaction
Reactions can take the form of:
protests
petitions
polls
political cartoons
boycotts
rallies
editorials
letters
diary entries
crimes
45. Reaction
Reactions can take the form of:
protests
petitions
polls
political cartoons
boycotts
rallies
editorials
letters
diary entries
crimes
46. Reaction
Reactions can take the form of:
protests
petitions
polls
political cartoons
boycotts
rallies
editorials
letters
diary entries
crimes
47. Reaction
People react out of:
fear
anger
joy
greed
failure
success
morality
survival
supremacy
equality
48. Reaction
People react out of:
fear
anger
joy *find your favorite historical
greed reaction – there are revolutions
failure and reforms there as well
success
morality
survival
supremacy
equality
49. Reaction
People react out of:
fear
anger
joy *find your favorite historical
greed reaction – there are revolutions
failure and reforms there as well
success
morality
survival
supremacy
equality
52. Reform
Reform:
The improvement or amendment of what is wrong, corrupt,
unsatisfactory, etc.
To change for the better
Correction of evils, abuses, or errors
53. Reform
Reform:
The improvement or amendment of what is
wrong, corrupt, unsatisfactory, etc.
To change for the better
Correction of evils, abuses, or errors
Is reform always positive?
54. Reform
Reform:
The improvement or amendment of what is wrong, corrupt,
unsatisfactory, etc.
To change for the better
Correction of evils, abuses, or errors
Is reform always positive?
Indian Removal Act of 1830
Dawes/ Allotment Act of 1870
55. Reform
Changes to society do not happen overnight, reforms can take
decades to develop
56. Reform
Changes to society do not happen overnight, reforms can take
decades to develop
Students will need to narrow topics by isolating a particular
event or person involved in the process of reform
57. Reform
Changes to society do not happen overnight, reforms can take
decades to develop
Students will need to narrow topics by isolating a particular
event or person involved in the process of reform
Reforms themselves may not be the main focus, rather why is
reform needed? Who were the reformers?
60. Revolution, Reaction, Reform
• Reform leads to reaction
• Revolutions come of reactions to reform
• Reaction explodes into Revolution
61. Revolution, Reaction, Reform
• Reform leads to reaction
• Revolutions come of reactions to reform
• Reaction explodes into Revolution
• Lack of reform prompts reactions which lead to
revolution
62. Revolution, Reaction, Reform
• Reform leads to reaction
• Revolutions come of reactions to reform
• Reaction explodes into Revolution
• Lack of reform prompts reactions which lead to
revolution
• One of the three “R’s” should be the focus or jumping off point
to explore the other theme words
64. Topic Idea – American Revolution
Reforms before the war: Stamp Act, Intolerable Acts, Sugar Act
65. Topic Idea – American Revolution
Reforms before the war: Stamp Act, Intolerable Acts, Sugar Act
Reactions before the war: Boston Tea Party, Sons of Liberty, Letters
from a Pennsylvania Farmer
66. Topic Idea – American Revolution
Reforms before the war: Stamp Act, Intolerable Acts, Sugar Act
Reactions before the war: Boston Tea Party, Sons of Liberty, Letters
from a Pennsylvania Farmer
Reforms after the war: Constitution replaces Articles of
Confederation, Northwest Ordinance
67. Topic Idea – American Revolution
Reforms before the war: Stamp Act, Intolerable Acts, Sugar Act
Reactions before the war: Boston Tea Party, Sons of Liberty, Letters
from a Pennsylvania Farmer
Reforms after the war: Constitution replaces Articles of
Confederation, Northwest Ordinance
Reactions after the war: Shays’ Rebellion, British reaction to loss
72. Cautions about RRR
A theme heavy with point of view
Don’t include personal reactions
73. Cautions about RRR
A theme heavy with point of view
Don’t include personal reactions
Stay away from modern revolutions – topics
should be 20 years old
74. Cautions about RRR
A theme heavy with point of view
Don’t include personal reactions
Stay away from modern revolutions – topics
should be 20 years old
Historical significance should be clear
Why is this topic important?
75. Tips for Tackling the Theme
Be clear on how you will use the theme words
76. Tips for Tackling the Theme
Be clear on how you will use the theme words
Use current revolution or reforms as starting off
points, or think about what causes heated
reactions today
77. Tips for Tackling the Theme
Be clear on how you will use the theme words
Use current revolution or reforms as starting off
points, or think about what causes heated
reactions today
Use analysis instead of fact reporting
78. Tips for Tackling the Theme
Be clear on how you will use the theme words
Use current revolution or reforms as starting off
points, or think about what causes heated
reactions today
Use analysis instead of fact reporting
Always ask the “W” questions
84. Labor Movement
1917 Twin City Rapid Transit Company
Street Railway Strike
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
and Worker’s Safety
85. Environment
1894 Hinckley Fire
Rachel Carson and Silent Spring
86. Famous People
Sister Elizabeth Kenny and Polio
President Abraham Lincoln and
the Emancipation Proclamation
87. Military History
Women in the Military during WWII
Japanese Internment during WWII
88. Agriculture
Bonanza Farms
Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin
89. Transportation
Street cars in Minneapolis
1956 Federal Highway Act
90. Women in History
Coya Knutson, first woman in MN
elected to Congress
Nellie Bly and Stunt Journalism
91. Pop Culture
Bob Dylan and Protest Folk Music
Elvis and the “King of Pop”
Notas do Editor
Revolution is a hefty term
Reactions to the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire help push for change within labor laws and ensuring a safe working environment. Reactions of white politicians towards emancipation after the Civil War results in the Jim Crow law or black codes which prevents true freedom for African-Americans. Change is stifled. Using fear and violence the Nazi party stifles reactions towards the discrimination and ultimate execution of Jews, handicapped, gypsies, etc. and the Holocaust is a result. Violence, segregation, and discrimination all are allowed to flourish when reactions are stifled
Reactions to the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire help push for change within labor laws and ensuring a safe working environment. Reactions of white politicians towards emancipation after the Civil War results in the Jim Crow law or black codes which prevents true freedom for African-Americans. Change is stifled. Using fear and violence the Nazi party stifles reactions towards the discrimination and ultimate execution of Jews, handicapped, gypsies, etc. and the Holocaust is a result. Violence, segregation, and discrimination all are allowed to flourish when reactions are stifled
Reactions to the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire help push for change within labor laws and ensuring a safe working environment. Reactions of white politicians towards emancipation after the Civil War results in the Jim Crow law or black codes which prevents true freedom for African-Americans. Change is stifled. Using fear and violence the Nazi party stifles reactions towards the discrimination and ultimate execution of Jews, handicapped, gypsies, etc. and the Holocaust is a result. Violence, segregation, and discrimination all are allowed to flourish when reactions are stifled
Reactions to the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire help push for change within labor laws and ensuring a safe working environment. Reactions of white politicians towards emancipation after the Civil War results in the Jim Crow law or black codes which prevents true freedom for African-Americans. Change is stifled. Using fear and violence the Nazi party stifles reactions towards the discrimination and ultimate execution of Jews, handicapped, gypsies, etc. and the Holocaust is a result. Violence, segregation, and discrimination all are allowed to flourish when reactions are stifled
Reactions are emotions – fear, anger, hatred, empathy, etc. all dictate reactions and related outcomes.
Reactions are emotions – fear, anger, hatred, empathy, etc. all dictate reactions and related outcomes.
Reactions are emotions – fear, anger, hatred, empathy, etc. all dictate reactions and related outcomes.
Reactions are emotions – fear, anger, hatred, empathy, etc. all dictate reactions and related outcomes.
Reactions are emotions – fear, anger, hatred, empathy, etc. all dictate reactions and related outcomes.
Reactions are emotions – fear, anger, hatred, empathy, etc. all dictate reactions and related outcomes.
Reactions are emotions – fear, anger, hatred, empathy, etc. all dictate reactions and related outcomes.
Reactions are emotions – fear, anger, hatred, empathy, etc. all dictate reactions and related outcomes.
Reform in regards to Native American policy in the U.S. in the 19th and 20th centuries – Indian Removal Act Who is on either side of the reform? Who is implementing the reform? Who is effected by the reform? Is it the same? The story does not always have to end neatly and positively – history is not studied to paint a rosy picture of the past.
Reform in regards to Native American policy in the U.S. in the 19th and 20th centuries – Indian Removal Act Who is on either side of the reform? Who is implementing the reform? Who is effected by the reform? Is it the same? The story does not always have to end neatly and positively – history is not studied to paint a rosy picture of the past.
Colonists react to the reforms handed down by the British government, which eventually leads to the Revolutionary War and the formation of the United States.
Colonists react to the reforms handed down by the British government, which eventually leads to the Revolutionary War and the formation of the United States.
Colonists react to the reforms handed down by the British government, which eventually leads to the Revolutionary War and the formation of the United States.
Colonists react to the reforms handed down by the British government, which eventually leads to the Revolutionary War and the formation of the United States.
Colonists react to the reforms handed down by the British government, which eventually leads to the Revolutionary War and the formation of the United States.
Work done at the Hull House
Work done at the Hull House
Work done at the Hull House
Work done at the Hull House
Revolutions should be radical, thorough, or widespreadReforms should be should be impactful changesReactions should not just be in a person’s mind
Revolutions should be radical, thorough, or widespreadReforms should be should be impactful changesReactions should not just be in a person’s mind
Revolutions should be radical, thorough, or widespreadReforms should be impactful changesReactions should not just be in a person’s mind
Following the 1883 tornado that devastated the city of Rochester, W.W. Mayo and his two sons Charlie and William were innovators in the medical field, and pioneered new reforms in the field. They reacted to a need for a modern clinic in the rural, farming community. Today the Mayo clinic continues to provide cutting edge medical care. United States: Polio was a serious concern for families and the government until the development of a vaccine. Epidemics of this disease shook communities and had significant, lifelong consequences for those afflicted. Jonas Salk developed a vaccine in the 1950s along with the help of many organizations, like the March of Dimes. The medical community and government implemented campaigns to inoculate as many as possible from polio. There are many ways to connect these ideas to the annual theme – how was the vaccine, the fundraising work of the March of Dimes or even the vaccination campaigns examples of revolution in history?
Child labor became a particularly noticeable social issue at the turn of the century as the Industrial Revolution changed the type of labor children were conducting. Reactions after the Triangle Shirtwaist factory and increasingly long hours and injuries pushed social reformers such as National Child Labor Committee, Lewis Hine and others to bring public awareness to the issue. Child labor wasn’t completely illegal until 1938 – could be a long term revolution in reforming labor and eliminating child labor.Charles Fremont Dight formed the Minnesota Eugenics Society at the University of Minnesota in 1923, believing eugenics could bring reform to Minnesota by espousing the idea that the state should administer reproduction of mentally handicapped adults. Successful in passing a steralization law in 1925, but failed to have the law implemented beyond those individuals who were institutionalized.
Thomas Nast drew weekly cartoons for Harper’s Weekly from 1859-1886. His work addressed a variety of issues, from slavery and reconstruction to Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall. Take a close look at one particular issue in history that Nast addressed in his cartoons. How did the reaction of one man influence public opinion and history? Was he successful in bringing about reform? He brought down Boss Tweed head of Tammany Hall in NYC in the 1870s? His reaction to government corruption? In the early 1900s Frances Densmore began visiting Ojibewe bands in Grand Portage and Grand Marais where she began to transcribe the music. She was a prolific author, writing over twenty books and 100 articles, and recorded over 2,000 wax cylinders of Native music. Her records preserved a vast amount of Native American music and culture during a period when white settlers were moving into Native lands and encouraging the tribes to adopt Western customs. Her reaction to native music and the lack of interest in preserving? Instrumental in bringing about gradual reform to Bureau of Indian Affairs?
There are many connection between the Civil Rights Movement and this year’s NHD theme. If we look at the Civil Rights Movement as the revolution, one reaction to this was the desegregation of schools through Brown v. Board. The struggle to implement this reform can be seen in the actions of the Little Rock Nine in Arkansas in 1957.Harriet Bishop as part of a program led by educational reformer Catharine Beecher to send women teachers to help educate and civilize frontier children, traveled around what would later become Minnesota. Bishop became active in many moral issues such as temperance, educational reform, and women's suffrage. She is credited with starting the first public school in St. Paul and the first Sunday school, which led to the first Baptist church in the area. Reacting to lack of public education in Minnesota Bishop worked to bring education reform to St. Paul students. Revolution in public education?
More than just designing homes and buildings, Frank Lloyd Wright created a whole new architectural style – Organic Architecture - in which the buildings harmonized with their environment. How did the innovative architecture of Wright change the way buildings were designed? What reaction did other architects have to his ideas? Can we argue that his architectural style was revolutionary? The Work Progress Administration (WPA) was one of the "alphabet agencies" of the New Deal, the broad sweeping social and economic experiment created by executive order of President Franklin D. Roosevelt in his first term in office during the Great Depression of the 1930s. It included a construction unit and three other agencies: the Federal Art Project, the Federal Writers' Project, and the Federal Theater Project. Reacting to the Great Depression President Roosevelt put in the place the New Deal, a series of reforms
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire took the lives of 146 immigrant workers in New York in 1911. Many who died were trapped in the building or jumped from the 9th floor to their deaths. What were the typical conditions for workers at the time? What were the reactions of those on both sides – workers and management – to the fire? Were reactions to poor working conditions prior to the fire heard, or stifled? What long and short term reforms resulted from this tragedy?The strike began on October 6, 1917 when the president of the Twin City Rapid Transit Company refused to negotiate with the streetcar drivers or their union. In reaction to the World War I citizens were called upon to support the war effort and to guard against the nation’s defeat, which fueled fear which prompted the strike. Seen by the Minnesota business community as one of the most threatening foreign influences, the International Workers of the World (IWW), the "Wobblies," were organizing labor unions on the Minnesota Iron Range, in the building trades, and with the streetcar drivers. In the end the strike was broken, the union defeated. Eight hundred men lost their jobs and were replaced by non-union workers, any reforms or improvements workers were striking failed and were not realized.
Rachel Carson was a scientist and author who was most well-known for her book “Silent Spring.” Published in 1962, her book publicized the dangers of pesticides for humans and the environment, sparking a revolutionary environmental movement and prompting a reactionary stance from industry. Why did she write this book? What long-term reforms did her book inspire?On September 1, 1894 the Hinckley fire destroyed 480 square miles and raced across 360,00 acres of land. A long drought made for tinder-dry conditions in miles of cutover forests — the wasteland resulting from the unregulated logging practices of the time and lack of reform within the logging industry. In reaction to the destruction and lack of prevention new lumber and logging laws were successful put in place in Minnesota
Abraham Lincoln did many significant things during his life and presidency. Consider focusing on just one of his revolutionary actions – like the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863. This stated "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." This revolutionary speech did not end slavery, but in the reactions of many, this proclamation changed the meaning of the Civil War and was the first attempt at bringing about reform. In the 1940s Sister Elizabeth Kenny experimented with the revolutionary idea of using physical therapy to help treat patients with polio, a much rejected idea in the medical community. Positive reactions to her program helped popularize her method and eventually her procedure opened the modern day era of rehabilitation medicine. Is reform different in the medical community?
The bombing of Pearl Harbor immediately changed American opinions on World War II, bringing the United States officially into the conflict. Reactions to this event were harsh and immediate for Japanese Americans as fear spread in the United States. Executive Order 9066 took many Japanese Americans out of their homes and places them in internment camps, often at great personal loss of property. How did reactions to Executive Order 9066 differ? What were the short and long-term results of this policy?Women have served in military conflicts since the American Revolution, but World War II was the first time that women served in the United States military in an official capacity. Although women traditionally were excluded from military service and their participation in the Armed Forces was not promoted at the outset of World War II, it soon became apparent that their participation was necessary to win a total war. What reactions prompted military leaders to put in place this revolutionary decision? How did men react towards women after WWII ended?
In 1793 Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin revolutionized the labor-intensive process of separating seeds from cotton fibers. For cotton-producing landowners, this invention reformed cotton agriculture – making it much more profitable. Not all saw this reaction as a positive, however. As production of cotton soared and spread into new areas, so did slavery as the labor to power this growth. Was this a successful reform? Bonanza farms, huge acreages created from the sale of land by the Northern Pacific Railroad to investors to cover its debts, covered thousands of acres and produced large wheat crops. Through the creation of bonanza farms, Minnesota and North Dakota – Red River Valley in particular – became one of the country’s largest wheat producing areas. Fueled by the Industrial Revolution, between 1875 and 1890, bonanza farms became highly profitable through the use of new machinery and huge crews of cheap hired labor. Unfortunately lack of land regulation or reform over time resulted in the over working and exhaustion of the land.
Henry Ford’s introduction of the assembly line revolutionized the industry, drastically decreasing the amount of time it took to build a car. This allowed him to slash prices and made the car more popular than ever. Think about both the positive and negative aspects of this reform: How did it change the experiences of workers building the cars? How did it change issues of transportation the country?Beginning in 1888 streetcars were a symbol of the boom that the Twin Cities were experiencing at the end of the 19th century: wherever new tracks were built, new land was developed, and the cities expanded. The remarkable success of the electric streetcar in urban service led to its use in rural and intercity operation. What prompted the use of streetcars over horse and buggys? Reactions to poor transportation? What consequences resulted because of street cars? How did this reform to transportation in Minneapolis change the city?
Beginning in 1889, Jane Addams and others at Hull House worked to improve the conditions of life for immigrants and the poor in Chicago by helping them to help themselves. They established services to solve economic problems – a nursery and employment help – as well cultural enrichment – lectures and social clubs. How did Hull House establish a model for reform that was used all across the country? How were these women reacting to the traditional roles that others may have expected of them?
A project on Elvis should do more than just list his popular songs. Examine the larger significance of “The King” in history. Consider looking at his music as a revolutionary combination of styles. Consider examining how Elvis and other musicians at the time revolutionized youth culture. How did the reactions of teenagers differ from parents in response to his music?