6. Humoral and cellular immunity (antibody mediated or cellular)

7. Immune System Innate /Nonspecific Adaptive /Specific/ Acquired Protects/re-exposure Cellular Components Humoral Components Humoral Components Cellular Components

9. Cells of the immune system

17. Lymphoid organs

20. Anatomical Barriers - Mechanical Factors Flushing action of tears, saliva, mucus, urine Epithelium ( e.g. nasopharynx) Mucociliary elevator Ciliated epithelium ( e.g. respiratory tract) Peristalsis Non-ciliated epithelium ( e.g. GI tract) Mucous Membranes Physical barrier Desquamation Squamous epithelium Skin Mechanism Cell type System or Organ

21. Anatomical Barriers - Chemical Factors Anatomical Barriers - Chemical Factors Opsonin Sufactants (lung) Antimicrobial Defensins (respiratory & GI tract) Low pH Lysozyme and phospholipase A HCl (parietal cells) Tears and saliva Mucous Membranes Anti-microbial fatty acids Sweat Skin Mechanism Component System or Organ

22. Anatomical Barriers - Biological Factors Antimicrobial substances Competition for nutrients and colonization Normal flora Skin and mucous membranes Mechanism Component System or Organ

23. Humoral Components Various effects Cytokines Breaks down bacterial cell walls Lysozyme Compete with bacteria for iron Lactoferrin and transferrin Increase vascular permeability Recruitment of phagocytic cells Β -lysin from platelets – a cationic detergent Coagulation system Lysis of bacteria and some viruses Opsonin Increase in vascular permeability Recruitment and activation of phagocytic cells Complement

24. Cellular Components Killing of certain parasites Eosinophils Killing of virus-infected and altered self targets NK and LAK cells Phagocytosis and intracellular killing Extracellular killing of infected or altered self targets Tissue repair Antigen presentation for specific immune response Macrophages Phagocytosis and intracellular killing Inflammation and tissue damage Neutrophils Functions Cell

25. Adaptive/ Acquired/ Specific Immunity

29. Cells of adaptive immune responses

30. B lymphocytes Involved in humoral CD3 molecule B-cell receptor (BCR, Ag recognition) T-lymphocytes Function Surface components Cell group

31. T-lymphocytes Involved in both humoral and cell-mediated responses CD3 molecule T-cell receptor (TCR, Ag recognition) T-lymphocytes Function Surface components Cell group

32. T helper cells (CD 4+ cells) 1. Recognizes antigen presented within Class II MHC 2. Promotes differentiation of B-cells and cytotoxic T-cells 3. Activates Macrophages CD4 molecule Helper T-cells (TH) Function Surface components Cell group

33. Cytotoxic T cells (CD 8+ cells) Recognizes antigen presented within Class I MHC Kills cells expressing appropriate antigen CD8 molecule Cytotoxic T-cells (CTL) Function Surface components Cell group

34. T Suppressor Cells (CD 8+ cells) Downregulates the activities of other cells CD8 molecule Suppressor T-cells (TS) Function Surface components Cell group

35. Macrophages Bind Fc portion of immunoglobulin (enhances phagocytosis) Bind complement component C3b (enhances phagocytosis) Antigen presentation within Class II MHC Secrete IL-1 (macrokine) promoting T-cell differentiation and proliferation Can be "activated" by T-cell lymphokines 1. Immunoglobulin Fc receptor 2. Complement component C3b receptor 3. Class II MHC molecule Macrophages Function Surface components Cell group

36. Dendritic Cells Antigen presentation within Class II MHC Class II MHC molecule Dendritic cells Function Surface components Cell group

37. Primary and Secondary Immune Responses