#Educ241_Research Methods

1. Marry Joy Lechugas
MS General Science
“Behind every Quantity there must live a Quality”
- Gertrude Kaeger Selznick
QUALITATIVE
METHODS
Why are they Valuable?
Educ 241
Research Methods
Prof. James L. Paglinawan Ph.D

2. FOCUS QUESTIONS
How does qualitative research
differ from quantitative
research?
What is qualitative Research?
Why use qualitative Research?
What are the Characteristics of
Qualitative Research?
What are the forms of quantitative
research?
How is qualitative research used?
How to conduct successful
qualitative research?

3. - Provides rich description and well- founded
rationale for explaining behavioral processes.
Investigates the quality of relationships,
activities, situations or materials.
Enables the researcher to gain insight into
attitude, beliefs, motives and behaviors of a
target population

4. 1.Greater depth of response
2.Tie together clusters of
information
3.Flexible
4.Cost Effective
5.Direct link with target

5. 1.Derives from the nature of the research
question.
- Is designed to verify theoretical
hypotheses; thus, the questions are
usually framed to examine whether a
certain condition exist.

6. 2. Exploration of a topic to develop
theories
3. Studies subject in natural setting
4. Interest in writing is literary style
5. Sufficient time and resources
6. Audiences is receptive to study
7. Emphasis on researchers role

7. YOUR QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
1. Assumptions
Reality through
Facts
Reality Socially
Constructed
2. Purpose
Looking for
Causes
Seeking to
Understand
3. Approach
Experimental/
Correlation
Ethnography
4. Role
(Researcher)
Detached Immersed
Four Dimensions of Qualitative and Quantitative Research (Firestone 1987)

8. QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Provides deeper
understanding
Measures level of
awareness
Asks why Asks “how many”, “how
often”
Studies motivation Studies action
Subjective Objective
Enables discovery Provides proof
Exploratory Definitive
Allows insight into
behavior trends, etc.
Measures level of action,
trends, etc.
Interprets Describes
Table 2. Distinctions between Qualitative and
Quantitative Research

9. Naturalistic
Descriptive Data
Concern with Process
Inductive
Meaning

10. 1. Participant Objective
a. Overt Participant Observation
- The researcher is easily identified and the
subjects are aware that they are being
observed
b. Covert Participant Observation
- The researcher actually participates at the
same time observes what is going on.

11. 2. Non- Participant Objective
a. Naturalistic
Observing individuals in their natural setting.
b. Simulation
Researchers create a situation and ask
subjects to stimulate certain roles
c. Case Studies
Attempts to shed light on a phenomenon by
studying in depth a single case example of the
phenomenon.

12. 3. Ethnographic Research
Focuses on the sociology of meaning
through close field observation of
sociocultural phenomena
Documenting or portraying everyday
experience of individuals by observing or
interviewing them and relevant others

13. 1. Tool to generate ideas
2. Aid in development
3. Tool in explaining, expanding & illuminating
quantitative data
4. Step in clarifying the values, languages and
meanings
5. Instrument is inquiring into developmental
and historical process.

14. The Art
of Asking
“Why”
The Art
of
Listening
The Art
of
Observing
Thank you

15.  Ask “why” question which demands a neutral
manner of asking and avoidance of leading
the respondents.
 Technique allowing the respondents to
overcome self-consciousness and inhabitation
to share reactions and comments

16. Learning with empathy which includes
the ability to listen to side
comments/remarks and even picking
up minute sounds such as gasping,
chuckling/ laughing and yawning

17. The ability to identify with another
in terms of the way that person
would feel or act.
Picking up on non-verbal areas