Injuries

2. Soft Tissue Injuries
M Tahir Latif

4. Closed Injuries (skin intact)
• Contusion
• Epidermis intact
• Swelling and pain
• Hematoma
• Blood collection
under skin
• Larger tissue
damage

5. Wound Treatment General Concepts
No single treatment for entire healing process
• Antibiotics
• Debridement
• Dressings
• Surgical Closure
• Skin Grafts
• Skin Flaps
• Nutritional Support

6. Essential Nutrients for Wound Healing
• Calories
• Carbohydrates
• Protein
• Fats
• Vitamin A
• Vitamin C
• Zinc
• Water

40. Osteoarthritis
• Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most
common form of arthritis. Some
people call it degenerative joint disease
or “wear and tear” arthritis. It occurs
most frequently in the hands, hips, and
knees. With OA, the cartilage within a
joint begins to break down and the
underlying bone begins to change

42. • Osteoarthritis happens when the
cartilage and other tissues within the
joint break down or have a change in
their structure. This does not happen
because of simple wear and tear on the
joints. Instead, changes in the tissue
can trigger the breakdown, which
usually happens gradually over time

43. • The main treatments for the symptoms
of osteoarthritis include: lifestyle
measures – such as maintaining a
healthy weight and exercising
regularly. medication – to relieve your
pain. supportive therapies – to help
make everyday activities easier

44. Spondylosis
• Cervical spondylosis is a general term
for age-related wear and tear
affecting the spinal disks in your
neck. As the disks dehydrate and
shrink, signs of osteoarthritis develop,
including bony projections along the
edges of bones (bone spurs). Cervical
spondylosis is very common and
worsens with age.

46. • Spondylosis is caused by chronic wear
on the spine. This includes the disks or
cushions between the neck vertebrae
and the joints between the bones of the
cervical spine. Over time these changes
can press down on (compress) one or
more of the nerve roots. In advanced
cases, the spinal cord becomes
involved

47. • Treatment
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. NSAIDs ,
such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and
naproxen sodium (Aleve), are commonly available
without a prescription. ...
• Corticosteroids. A short course of oral prednisone
might help ease pain. ...
• Muscle relaxants. ...
• Anti-seizure medications. ...
• Antidepressants.

48. Juvenile arthritis
• Juvenile arthritis (JA), also known as
pediatric rheumatic disease, isn't a
specific disease. It's an umbrella term
to describe the inflammatory and
rheumatic diseases that develop in
children under the age of 16. These
conditions affect nearly 300,000 kids
and teens in the United States.

49. • The most common signs and symptoms of
juvenile idiopathic arthritis are:
• Pain. While your child might not complain of joint
pain, you may notice that he or she limps —
especially first thing in the morning or after a nap.
• Swelling. ...
• Stiffness. ...
• Fever, swollen lymph nodes and rash.

51. Tuberculous arthritis
• Tuberculous arthritis is caused by the
bacteria, Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. A very small number of
people who have TB will develop this
form of arthritis. The joints most often
involved are the: Ankles. Hips.

53. • The most common symptoms of TB of
ankle joint involvement are pain,
swelling, limited range of motion,
bone tenderness, limping and
muscle spasms

54. • Your health care team will be sure that
you receive the best care for your
TB. Taking painkillers and applying
heat or cold to the joints may relieve
pain. Surgery may be needed,
especially to drain spinal abscesses or
to stabilize the spine. Surgery is rarely
needed for infections at other sites.

55. • Gout is a common form of
inflammatory arthritis that is very
painful. It usually affects one joint at a
time (often the big toe joint). There are
times when symptoms get worse,
known as flares, and times when there
are no symptoms, known as remission.
•

57. • The main symptom of gout is a sudden
attack of severe pain in one or more
joints, typically your big toe. Other
symptoms can include: the joint feeling
hot and very tender, to the point of
being unable to bear anything touching
it. swelling in and around the affected
joint.
•

58. • Management and Treatment
• NSAIDs can reduce pain and swelling. Some
people with kidney disease, stomach ulcers
and other health problems are unable to take
NSAIDs.
• Colchicine can reduce inflammation and pain
if you take it within 24 hours of a gout attack.
...
• Corticosteroids can relieve pain and swelling

59. Hemophilic Arthritis
• Arthritis in people with hemophilia is
caused by frequent or inadequately
treated bleeding into joints. It is
sometimes called degenerative joint
disease. It may be the most common
complication of severe hemophilia.
•

61. Neuropathic arthritis
• Neuropathic arthritis, also known as
Charcot's joint or neurogenic
arthropathy, is a severe form of
arthritis where the cartilage between
bones has been completely worn
down and the joint has been
severely damaged from continued
friction.

62. • Profound unilateral swelling, an
increase in local skin temperature,
erythema, joint effusion, and bone
resorption in an insensate foot are
usually present. Neurologic signs
include decreased vibratory sense,
absence of deep pain sensation, and
decreased proprioception.
•

63. Ankylosing
• Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a long-
term condition in which the spine and
other areas of the body become
inflamed. It's a type of axial
spondyloarthritis.

65. • Psoriatic arthritis is a type of arthritis
that affects some people with the
skin condition psoriasis. It typically
causes affected joints to become
swollen, stiff and painful. Like psoriasis,
psoriatic arthritis is a long-term
condition that can get progressively
worse.

66. • Psoriatic arthritis is a type of arthritis
that affects some people with the
skin condition psoriasis. It typically
causes affected joints to become
swollen, stiff and painful. Like psoriasis,
psoriatic arthritis is a long-term
condition that can get progressively
worse.