4. Brainwave speed is measured in Hertz (cycles per
second) and they are divided into bands delineating
slow, moderate, and fast waves.
INFRA-LOW (<.5HZ)
Infra-Low brainwaves (also known as Slow Coritical
Potentials), are thought to be the basic cortical
rythms that underlie our higher brain functions. Very
little is known about infra-low brainwaves. Their
slow nature make them difficult to detect and
accurately measure, so few studies have been
done. They appear to take a major role in brain
timing and network function.
5. DELTA WAVES (.5 TO 3 HZ)
Delta brainwaves are slow, loud brainwaves
(low frequency and deeply penetrating, like a
drum beat). They are generated in deepest
meditation and dreamless sleep. Delta waves
suspend external awareness and are the
source of empathy. Healing and regeneration
are stimulated in this state, and that is why
deep restorative sleep is so essential to the
healing process.
6. THETA WAVES (3 TO 8 HZ)
Theta brainwaves occur most often in sleep but are
also dominant in deep meditation. It acts as our
gateway to learning and memory. In theta, our
senses are withdrawn from the external world and
focused on signals originating from within. It is that
twilight state which we normally only experience
fleetingly as we wake or drift off to sleep. In theta we
are in a dream; vivid imagery, intuition and
information beyond our normal conscious
awareness. It’s where we hold our ‘stuff’, our fears,
troubled history, and nightmares.
7. ALPHA WAVES (8 TO 12 HZ)
Alpha brainwaves are dominant during quietly
flowing thoughts, and in some meditative states.
Alpha is ‘the power of now’, being here, in the
present. Alpha is the resting state for the brain.
Alpha waves aid overall mental coordination,
calmness, alertness, mind/body integration and
learning.
8. BETA WAVES (12 TO 38 HZ)
Beta brainwaves dominate our normal waking state of
consciousness when attention is directed towards cognitive
tasks and the outside world. Beta is a ‘fast’ activity, present
when we are alert, attentive, engaged in problem solving,
judgment, decision making, and engaged in focused mental
activity.
Beta brainwaves are further divided into three bands; Lo-
Beta (Beta1, 12-15Hz) can be thought of as a 'fast idle, or
musing. Beta (Beta2, 15-22Hz) is high engagement or
actively figuring something out. Hi-Beta (Beta3, 22-38Hz)
is highly complex thought, integrating new experiences,
high anxiety, or excitement. Continual high frequency
processing is not a very efficient way to run the brain, as it
takes a tremendous amount of energy.
9. GAMMA WAVES (38 TO 42 HZ)
Gamma brainwaves are the fastest of brain waves (high
frequency, like a flute), and relate to simultaneous processing
of information from different brain areas. It passes information
rapidly, and as the most subtle of the brainwave frequencies,
the mind has to be quiet to access it. Gamma was dismissed
as 'spare brain noise' until researchers discovered it
was highly active when in states of universal love, altruism,
and the ‘higher virtues’. Gamma is also above the frequency
of neuronal firing, so how it is generated remains a mystery. It
is speculated that Gamma rhythms modulate perception and
consciousness, and that a greater presence of Gamma
relates to expanded consciousness and spiritual emergence.
11. German physiologist and psychiatrist Hans Berger
(1873–1941) recorded the first human EEG in 1924.
[7] Expanding on work previously conducted on
animals by Richard Caton and others,
Berger also invented the electroencephalogram
(giving the device its name), an invention described
"as one of the most surprising, remarkable, and
momentous developments in the history of clinical
neurology“
His discoveries were first confirmed by British
scientists Edgar Douglas Adrian and B. H. C.
Matthews in 1934 and developed by them.
12. An electroencephalogram (EEG)
is a test used to detect
abnormalities related to
electrical activity of the brain.
This procedure tracks and
records brain wave patterns.
Small metal discs with thin
wires (electrodes) are placed on
the scalp, and then send
signals to a computer to record
the results.
13. EEG is most often used to diagnose epilepsy,
which causes abnormalities in EEG readings. It
is also used to diagnose sleep disorders, coma,
encephalopathies, and brain death. EEG used to
be a first-line method of diagnosis for tumors,
stroke and other focal brain disorders
14. The history of EEG is detailed by Barbara E. Swartz
in Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology.
In 1875, Richard Caton (1842–1926), a physician
practicing in Liverpool, presented his findings about
electrical phenomena of the exposed cerebral
hemispheres of rabbits and monkeys in the
British Medical Journal.
In 1890, Polish physiologist Adolf Beck published an
investigation of spontaneous electrical activity of the
brain of rabbits and dogs that included rhythmic
oscillations altered by light. Beck started experiments on
the electrical brain activity of animals. Beck placed
electrodes directly on the surface of brain to test for
sensory stimulation. His observation of fluctuating brain
activity lead to the conclusion of brain waves.
15. In 1934, Fisher and Lowenback first demonstrated
epileptiform spikes.
In 1935 Gibbs, Davis and Lennox described inter
ictal spike waves and the three cycles/s pattern of
clinical absence seizures, which began the field of
clinical electroencephalography.
Subsequently, in 1936 Gibbs and Jasper reported
the interictal spike as the focal signature of
epilepsy.
The same year, the first EEG laboratory opened at
Massachusetts General Hospital
19. Kamiya’s experiment had two parts.
In the first part, a subject was asked to keep his eyes closed
and when a tone sounded to say whether he thought he was
in alpha. He was then told whether he was correct or wrong.
Initially the subject would get about fifty percent correct, but
some subjects would eventually develop the ability to better
distinguish between states
In the second part of the study, subjects were asked to go into
alpha when a bell rang once and not go into the state when
the bell rang twice.
Once again some subjects were able to
enter the state on command. Alpha states were connected
with relaxation, and alpha training had the possibility to
alleviate stress and stress-related conditions.
22. conceptual approach called the Coordinated
Allocation of Resource Model (CAR) of brain
functioning which states that specific cognitive
abilities are a function of specific electrophysiological
variables which can overlap across different cognitive
tasks
The activation database guided EEG biofeedback
approach initially involves evaluating the subject on a
number of academically relevant cognitive tasks and
compares the subject's values on the QEEG
measures to a normative database, in particular on
the variables that are related to success at that task
29. The following syndromes have potential
therapeutic effectiveness using
Neurofeedback:
Borderline Personality Disorder
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Cognitive Decline in the Elderly
Parkinson’s Disease
32. Dr. Shichida uses the term “right brain education”
to describe his curriculum methods and to
distinguish it as being different and distinct from the
traditional education which utilizes the more linear
left brain approach to learning
33. Four major functions of the right brain
1: High-speed, high-capacity memory
mechanism. He explains that the left brain turns
data from the external world into language. This
requires "sequential processing," wherein data is
processed one bit at a time. It is a time-
consuming activity. The right brain, on the other
hand, processes information very quickly as
images or pictures.
34. 2) A second function of the right brain is the
combination of memory with imagination to
produce "structures which transcend our
personal experience and knowledge
3) A third right-brain function is the production
of waves which resonate with the universe
4) A fourth function of the Right Brain is -rapid
automatic calculation
35. Right brain capabilities that all children possess are:
1. The 5 senses of the right brain.
Corresponding to the 5 senses of the left brain (sight, hearing,
touch, taste, smell) the right brain also has its 5 senses
However they are not the senses of sight and hearing in the normal
manner, but the ability to see, hear, sense things through waves
translated into images.
These 5 senses of the right brain are its basic abilities.
When these abilities are released, man becomes capable of seeing
images as motion pictures.
2. The ability to see images in the form of motion pictures.
3. Photographic memory.
4. The ability to do complex mental calculations.
5. The conversion of images to words, numbers, symbols and the reverse.
6. The ability to master foreign languages easily.
7. The ability to receive inspiration and use it towards unique creativity.
8. The ability of photographic speed-reading.
9. The ability to receive information on an intuitive level, and to use that
information accordingly.
36. The Shichida Method of Right Brain Training
The Characteristics of The Shichida Method Brain Training
The left and right hemispheres of the brain have different capabilities.
The right brain possesses the ability to retain complete image of things
seen at a glance in the memory. Also, it is the receptacle for inspiration
and the site of expression for image abundant creativity.
To create a balance between our human and animal minds, "We
must bring the functions of the brain stem to life, especially those
of its center-the diencephalon."
Shichida Makato says that, strictly speaking, the development of the
right brain is the development of the diencephalon of the brain's
right hemisphere. In other words, it is the development of the deep,
unconscious levels of the brain.
37. On the subject of activating the diencephalon,
Shichida recommends "imaging training,"
success at which connects the human mind with
the universal mind.
Spiritual education In addition to addressing the
theory and practice of right-brain development and
human learning potential, Shichida stresses
balance and complementarity between the two
sides of the brain. To him, right-brain education is
ultimately spiritual education
38. Shichida's curricula include games to teach "direct visual imaging,"
speed-reading and the making of mnemonic associations. In class, the
teacher places 10 different pictographic cards against the whiteboard. He or
she then connects the cards to each other with a story, creating a picture in
the mind which facilitates memorization. Shichida says that with practice,
"Kids no longer need the verbal connections. They can easily remember 40
to 50 cards. For many kids even 100 cards aren't a problem."
Another interesting feature of Shichida Makato's classes is that they do
not attempt to present principles underlying knowledge. Instead, they
provide students with large volumes of raw data. The rationale is that when
data is presented quickly, the left brain cannot keep up in its efforts to order
data and turn it into language. Instead, it gives up and takes a break,
allowing the right brain a chance to handle it. "After the right brain has taken
in the data, the brain can search for patterns and systems on its own."
39. About Brain Waves Brainwaves
•Beta waves are generated by the brains of
adults when fully awake.
•Alpha waves are produced by the brains
of young children.
•Theta waves are generated as we enter
sleep and while we dream.
•Delta waves are produced in deep sleep
40. Midbrain Activation is the technique of optimizing
the function of our middle brain, which is the
‘bridge’ between the left and right brain.
Having this ‘bridge’ activated allows for the
retrieval of information between the left and the
right brain, which leads to more efficiency in
learning and absorbing information.
Midbrain Activation allows the brain to function
as a whole, rather than only utilizing one part of
the brain. It also brings out and strengthens
characteristics such as creativity, memory,
application skills, self-confidence, and
42. Brain fingerprinting
is a forensic science technique that uses
electroencephalography (EEG) to
determine whether specific information is
stored in a subject's brain
53. Applications
In terms of brain imaging, the ability for CLARITY
imaging to reveal specific structures in such
unobstructed detail has led to promising avenues of
future applications including
local circuit wiring
relationships between neural cells,
roles of subcellular structures,
better understanding of protein complexes, and
imaging of nucleic acids and neurotransmitters.
An example of a discovery made through CLARITY
imaging is a peculiar 'ladder' pattern where neurons
connected back to themselves and their neighbors,
which has been observed in animals to be connected
to autism-like behaviors