Mark Myles, TURI, masccc 2013

Pollution Prevention and
Green Chemistry
Making Our Industries and Communities
Safer, Healthier, and More Competitive
(I’m serious)

mark.myles@turi.org www.turi.org
Pollution
Prevention
Massachusetts’ Toxics
Use Reduction Act
(TURA)
Green Chemistry
and Design for
Environment
A little history of toxics
and pollution prevention

mark.myles@turi.org www.turi.org10
Evolution of Pollution Laws

End-of-the-pipe Pollution Control

Source
Reduction
Toxics Use
Reduction
• Energy Conservation
• Cleaner Production
• Resource
Conservation
Treatment
Recycling
Waste Disposal
Minimization
Energy
Recovery
Pollution Control = end of pipe remediation
Pollution Prevention = greater efficiency with less or no toxic material
Pollution Prevention
vs Pollution Control

Reactionary
End-of-the-piperemediation
4. Prevention
3. Recycling
2. Treatment
1. Disposal
Anticipatory
1. Prevention
3. Treatment
2. Recycling
SHIFT
4. Disposal

Toxics Use Reduction Act (TURA)
• Users of large amounts of toxics must:
– Report toxics use
– Pay fees
– Plan toxics reduction
• 2006 Amendments:
– Designates higher and lower hazard substances
– Resource Conservation Planning – energy, water, materials
– Integrates Environmental Management Systems into TUR
Adopted 1989
Effective 1990
Expanded 2006

TURA – Major aspects
• Massachusetts competitiveness
• Toxics reduction
• Technical analysis
• Financial analysis
• Plans in good faith

Required data collection points
Production Unit
In-plant treatment
or recycling
Byproduct
Raw
Material
Product
Emission

Did We Achieve the Goals?
17
Total Use Production Adjusted
0.0
200.0
400.0
600.0
800.0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year
MillionsofPounds
Byproduct
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year
MillionsofPounds

TUR Financial Analysis – costs of toxics
Material/substance
cost
Worker protective
equipment
Worker
Compensation
Insurance
Hazardous waste
hauling
Air & water
emissions
permitting
Air & water
emissions
abatement
equipment
Risk protection –
accidental spills &
discharge
‘Soft’ costs –
reputation, image,
etc.

TUR Plans – evaluating safer alternatives
Technical Feasibility
• Analyze current processes and use of
toxics
• Evaluate safer alternatives
• Choose alternative on technical merits
• Employ sound engineering principles
Financial Viability
• Collect information on cost of toxics
• Determine changes in cash flows
• Apply measures of profitability
• Base decisions on accepted accounting
practice
Toxics Reduction Methods
• Input substitution
• Product reformulation
• Process redesign or modification
• Improve operation & maintenance
• In-process recycling

TUR Input substitution

TUR Product Reformulation

TUR Production Unit Redesign
X-ray inspection –
ball-grid array

TUR Modernization

TUR Improved Operations & Maintenance

Integral in-process recycling

Toxics Use Reduction Planners
• Only professionals
able to certify MA
TUR Plans
• 48-hour intensive
course
• Certified by exam
TURA 20th Anniversary Video at
www.turi.org
“[Becoming a TUR Planner] was a
whole new career path….we have
new credibility; people listen to us;
we became part of the business
planning process.”
Jack Bailey, TUR Planner, Bose Corp.

Green Chemistry
Design for Environment

What makes a product ‘green’?
Framework for
Sustainable Products

Alternatives Assessment
Risk
Assessment
Better
Solutions
Problem-based approach
Debates delay prevention
Toxicity data limited
Risk shifting
Game nobody wins
Focus on solutions &
opportunities
Greater stakeholder
participation
Promotes innovation, enterprise
creation
Multi-risk consideration

Green Screen
• Developed by Clean
Production Action
• 17 environmental,
health and safety
criteria
http://www.cleanproduction.org/library/Green_Screen_Report.pdf

33
Carcinogenic
Mutagenic
Reproductive
Developmental
Endocrine
Disruption
Neurological
Metabolites
Degradation
Products
DecaBDE 1163-19-5 97 M L L M M M L L L nd L L nd L L vH M
penta-
to nona-
BDE
tri- to
nona-
BDE
PentaBDE 32534-81-9 nd L M M H M L H L L M M nd H H vH vH
OctaBDE 32536-52-0 nd L M H M M L H L nd L L nd L L vH M nd
lower
PBDEs
Human Health Effects Ecotox. Fate
Chronic
Persistence
Bioaccumulation
Breakdown Products
Decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE) - CAS# 1163-19-5
Bold text = based on experimental data. Black italics text= based on analog data or expert judgment.
Breakdown
ProductsPriority Effects
AcuteToxicity
Systemic/OrganEffects
Sensitization(skin)
Sensitization(respiratory)
Irritation/Corrosion(skin)
Irritation/Corrosion
(eyes)
ImmuneSystemEffects
Acute
Chemical CAS#
%inFormulation
Green Screen Benchmarking DecaBDE

‘Design for Environment’ Definitions
• “…product contains only those
ingredients that pose the least concern
[regarding human health and
environmental effects] among chemicals
in their class.”
• “Ecodesign aims at reducing the
environmental impact of products,
including the energy consumption
throughout their entire life cycle.”

“The DfE program has three priorities:
• Energy efficiency - reduce the energy needed
to manufacture and use our products
• Materials innovation - reduce the amount of
materials used in our products and develop
materials that have less environmental
impact and more value at end-of-life
• Design for recyclability - design equipment
that is easier to upgrade and/or recycle”
DfE Definitions

Drivers: Legislation
REACh
RoHS
TURA
ToSCA
EU Energy
CA Appliance Efficiency
MA “Stretch Codes”
Energy
Toxics
Resource
Conservation
WEEE
ELV
EU Ecodesign
Directive: all 3

Drivers: Labeling and Certification

We can't solve problems by
using the same kind of thinking
we used when we created them.
Albert Einstein
mark.myles@turi.org
+1 978.934.3298
www.turi.org

Mark Myles, TURI, masccc 2013

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Mark Myles, TURI, masccc 2013