What is Obesity? Body Mass Index Effects of obesity on human health Relationship between obesity and some diseases Ways to get rid of obesity General diet habits to control obesity Nutraceuticals used to control obesity

1. Topic:- OBESITY
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2. What is Obesity?
Obesity is a disease of caloric imbalance that results
from an excess intake of calories above their
consumption by the body.
Acc. to WHO, Overweight and obesity are defined as
abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a
risk to health.
Physical inactivity, overeating, genetics, frequency of
eating, psychological factors, alcoholism are some
common causes of obesity.

3. Body Mass Index
 Body mass index (BMI) is a tool that
doctors use to assess if a person is at
an appropriate weight for their age,
sex, and height.
The measurement combines height
and weight. A person’s weight (in
kilograms) divided by the square of
his or her height (in metres).
A person with a BMI of 30 or more is
generally considered as obese. A
person with a BMI between 25 to 29.9
is considered as overweight.

4. Effects of obesity on human health
 Obesity can cause a lot of damage to your body. People
with severe obesity are more likely to have other
diseases.
 Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, sleep apnea,
heart disease, bone/joint damage, cancer,
cerebrovascular disease and stroke etc. are the
example of disease caused by obesity.
 Combined with obesity, these diseases may lead
people to have a lower quality of health. In some cases,
these can lead to disability or early death.

5. Effect of obesity

6. Relationship between obesity and some diseases

8. Ways to get rid of obesity
➢ Non pharmacologic Treatment option: It focuses on
nutrition & diet, physical activity, behavioral
modification.
➢ Pharmacologic Treatment: Anti obesity drugs like
Sibutramine, Orlistat etc. are used to achieve sufficient
weight loss.
➢ Surgical options

9. General diet habits to control obesity
 Cutting down daily calories intake.
 Making healthier choices.
 Restricting certain foods, such as high carbohydrate or
full-fat foods.
 Eat more fruit, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains.
 Meal replacements, such as replacement of low-calorie
shakes or meal bars with healthy snacks and a healthy,
balanced third meal that's low in fat and calories.
 Feeling full on less.

10. Nutraceuticals used to control obesity
 Curcumin
 Capsaicin
 Conjugated linolenic acid (CLA)
 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)
 Psyllium fiber
 Momordica Charantia
 Resveratrol
 Flavonoids
 Ginger components
 Calcium rich foods

11.  Curcumin:- Turmeric, derived from the plant Curcuma
longa, is a gold-colored spice commonly used in the Indian
subcontinent for health care, preservation of food, and as a
yellow dye for textiles. Curcumin is the pigment imparting
yellow color to turmeric.
 Capsaicin:- Capsaicin, a biologically active ingredient
found in red chili peppers. Capsaicin and several related
compounds are called capsaicinoids and are produced as a
secondary metabolite by chili peppers, probably as
deterrents against certain herbivores and fungi. Pure
capsaicin is a hydrophobic, colorless, odorless, and
crystalline to waxy compound.

12.  Conjugated linolenic acid:- It is found primarily in the seeds
of flax, and nut oils, as well as fish, and more readily in
poultry eggs. CLA is very sensitive to temperature change and
should not be used to cook food. It should rather be
administered in its original state in salad dressings or taken as
a therapeutic dosage.
 Polyunsaturated fatty acids:- Fatty acids (FAs) can function
as endogenous ligands that modulate inflammatory
responses. Saturated FAs promote inflammation by activating
toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on fat cells and macrophages and
unsaturated FAs are weakly proinflammatory or
neutral. However, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)
from fish oils, such as docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are known antiinflammatory
factors. These agents suppress obesity mediated activation of
inflammation.

13.  Psyllium fiber:- Psyllium fiber is extracted from the
husks of its seeds. These seeds are used commercially for
the production of mucilage. It delays gastric emptying and
depresses appetite. Fiber may expand in the intestinal tract
and as a result the body may feel more satiated.
 Momordica Charantia:- The active agents within MC
contain both antiviral and antidiabetic properties. It
decreases islet cell necrosis, repairs damaged cells. It
protects functional islets. It leads to reduction of adiposity
and the resultant release of inflammatory factors released
by adipocytokines such as TNF-α

14.  Resveratrol:- It a polyphenolic compound found in the
skin of grapes and related food products, has been shown
to prevent a number of diverse pathologic processes,
including CVD, cancer, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
Resveratrol to be safe and reasonably well-tolerated at
doses of up to 5 g/day.
 Flavonoids:- It belong to polyphenol subclass, widely
distributed in plants and certain beverages (including tea,
coffee, fruit juices, and wine) and they exhibit a variety of
health benefits. The antiinflammatory properties of
flavonoids have been extensively studied to establish and
characterize their potential utility as therapeutic agents in
the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

15.  Ginger components:- The two major pungent and
structurally similar compounds of ginger, 6-gingerol and 6-
shogaol, have potent anti inflammatory activities and can
improve diabetes and insulin resistance.
 Calcium rich foods:- There is a wide range of calcium
rich foods such as margarines and dairy products. There is
increasing evidence that dietary calcium plays a role in
body weight regulation. Calcium binds fat in the intestine
resulting in the formation of insoluble calcium fatty acid
soaps and reduces fat absorption.