Emerging approaches in Disaster Management

1. Emerging approaches in
Disaster Management
 Pre- disaster stage
 Emergency Stage
 Post Disaster stage

2. Emerging approaches in
Disaster Management
Emerging approaches in Disaster Management-
Three Stages
• Pre- disaster stage (preparedness)
• Emergency Stage (Disaster Phase or Phase of
Catastrophe)
• Post Disaster stage (Rehabilitation/ Recovery
Stage)

3. EDUCATION ON DISASTERS
• Education on disasters is a process of learning, that
creates an overall perspective about the knowledge
and awareness of the impending disasters.
• It is an effective means of sensitizing the society
about different types of disasters, develop skills
and expertise to mitigate its occurrence.
• The general public must have the awareness and
knowledge about the hazards through information,
education, education and communication to
prepare them for disaster mitigation.

4. National Disaster Management Act
• The Disaster Management Act, 2005, (23
December 2005) No. 53 of 2005, was passed
by the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the
Parliament of India on 28 November, and by
the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the
Parliament, on 12 December 2005. It
received the assent of The President of India
on 9 January 2006.

5. National Disaster Management Act
• The Disaster Management Act, 2005 has 11
chapters and 79 sections.
• The Act extends to the whole of India.
• The Act provides for "the effective
management of disasters and for matters
connected therewith or incidental thereto.

6. Pre-disaster stage includes,
1. Preparedness Phase (Phase of readiness)
2. Mitigation Phase (Prevention Phase)

7. PRE–DISASTER STAGE
• This phase involves planning to respond
immediately in anticipating of a disaster.
• This includes awareness about emergency
exercises or training in various methods of
safely vacating the disaster – stricken areas
and first – aid measures.

8. PRE–DISASTER STAGE
• Such awareness programs must also strengthen the
technical and managerial capacity of governments,
organization and communities to minimize the
mortality and property loss and enhance disaster
response operations.
• Installation of disaster warning systems,
emergency communication system, emergency
personnel/contact lists, plenty of food reserves,
equipment, water, medicines and other necessities
must be maintained

9. ASPECTS
• Phase of readiness includes the following
aspects:
• Hazard zone mapping
• Hazard forecasting, warning and prediction
• Disaster preparedness plan
• Preparedness through information,
Education & Communication

10. MITIGATION PHASE
• It is the second aspect of pre-disaster stage
• These people may begin to think about the
measures needed to minimize the effects of
similar kind of probable disaster in future.
• For instance, an earthquake that would have
damaged improperly constructed houses or a
tsunami that would have washed away the
houses in coastal line.

11. Contd…
• In such situations, people begin to build
stronger buildings that can sustain the impact
of earthquake and encourage the
development of green belt by planting more
trees along the coastal line to reduce the
impact of tsunami waves on the land.

12. Measures essential for effective disaster
mitigation include
• Construction of disaster resistant houses
• Decreasing the population pressure in hazard
sensitive zones
• Land-use control
• High standard of engineering design of built
structures
• Promotion of fire resistant structures
• Relocation of existing settlements or infrastructure

13. GUIDELINES FOR MITIGATION
OF DISASTER
• Early Warning Symptoms
• Land use zoning
• Building codes
• Incentives
• Provision of assets at subsidized rates
• Increase public awareness

14. ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY
• Mapping
• Aerial Photography and Remote Sensing
• Communications
• Information Management

15. Organizations which involved in research
and mitigation of disasters
• International Council for Scientific Unions (ICUS)
Aim:-
• Promote international science for welfare of man
kind and society
• Encourage interaction of scientists from various
disciplines
• Encourage the scientific community across the
globe to participate in the international scientific
activities.

16. World Federation of Engineering
Organizations (WFEO)
• To give importance to the engineering
disciplines.
• To encourage practical applications of
engineering
• To facilitate engineering knowledge
internationally

17. EMERGENCY STAGE
• The emergency stage (disaster phase or the
phase of catastrophe) is the stage at which
the crisis. This phase results in great damage
to life, property, environment and health of
living beings. The affected people are in a
stage of profound shock.

18. EMERGENCY STAGE
• All efforts are put forth to minimize the
problems created by a disaster. These include
providing assistance to the affected
population with transport, food and shelter
and temporary repairs to damaged
infrastructures.

19. EMERGENCY STAGE
• Thus, the main objective of the response
phase is to meet the basics needs of
population affected with disasters until some
sustainable arrangement is made for them.

20. POST - DISASTER STAGE
• This Stage (recovery or rehabilitation phase) focuses
at restoring normalcy in the lives of people and the
infrastructure that include temporary shelters,
reconstruction of damaged infrastructure, proper
information to the public, educating people about the
health and safety, post trauma counselling programs
by training volunteers to counsel every victim of
disaster as they need intensive mental support to
facilitate recovery.