3. Umayyad in Cordoba
Biggest country of Europe
Al Andalus and Hispania
Ruled out Spain for about 8 centuries
Civilized and Charming Land
4.
5. Umayyad in Cordoba
o Ruled by a cruel ruler Christian ruler “Roderick”
o Musa Ibn Nusayr conquer Spain
o General Tariq sailed for Spain with an army of 12,000 men.
o Tariq defeated the army of Roderick
o The Muslim rule started in 714 AD.
6. The long Muslim rule in Spain could be
conveniently divided into three phases
The period of confusion and chaos: 714-756 AD
(93-138 AH)
The golden era of power and progress: 756-1036 AD
(138-428 AH)
The awful age of anarchy and annihilation: 1036-1492 AD
(428-897 AH)
7. The period of confusion and chaos:
• The period of confusion and chaos started in 714 AD.
• Which ended in 756 AD (138 AH).
• Abd al-Aziz was appointed the first Amir of Spain.
• But the chaos started just after the conquest.
8. Reasons of Chaos
Abd al-Aziz had married the widow of emperor Frederick.
Inter-Muslim differences between Arabs and Berbers
Clashes among Syrian and Madinite tribes
Conflicts were started by the Christians of the Andulus.
9. Abdul al-Rahman al-Dakhil
Founder of Umayyad's dynasty
Born near Damascus in Syria
Son of the Umayyad prince Mu'awiya ibn
Hisham
Abdul Rahman survived
Fled to Al-Andulus and join Berbers
revolt
Became Emir of Al-Andulus
10. Abdul al-Rahman al-Dakhil
Abd al-Rahman managed to sneak into Spain.
Al-Dakhil
establishement
Defeated the tottering Syrian government in Spain
Captured the whole of Spain.
11. Rulers Of Umayyad Dynasty
Abd-al-Rehman I
Hisham I
Al Hakam I
Abd-Al-Rehman II
Muhammad I
Abd Allah Al-Mundhir
13. The Golden Era of Power and
Progress
(756-1036 AD)
Starts 756 AD (138 AH) under Abdul Rahman
Solid foundations of a sovereign and progressive Umayyad government
High caliber in administering
System of law and justice
14. The Golden Era of Power and Progress
Knowledge and learning.
Invited and celebrated scholars
Spain became world centre of arts and sciences.
Constructed magnificent mosques and beautiful buildings.
i. Palace of Cordova
ii. The great of Cordova
iii. Bridge of Guadalquivir
iv. Charming garden outside the Cordoba city
15.
16.
17. Hisham I
o 788-786
o Andalus
o Portion of france
o Battle of Lotus
o Knowledge center
o Scholars
o Maliki School
18. Al Hakam
o 996-822
o Lack of Leadership
o Leisure time activities
o Revolts and Tyranny
o Political disaster
22. Abd al-Rehman III
o Last Ruler of Umayyad dynasty
o Called him Caliph instead of Emir
o United all Andalus
o Super power nation
o Scholars migration
o Obedient servant of the Caliph
o Naval Force
o Jiziya for Protection
o Declared himself Caliph
33. The awful age of anarchy and annihilation:
1036-1492 AD (428-897 AH)
Collapse of the amr Dynasty Starting in 1036 AD to 1492 AD
The eventual exit of the Muslims from the Spanish scene
Muslims got divided into about two dozen petty states
Spanish Muslims were at daggers drawn with each other
34. Reasons of Collapse
Divisions of Muslims
Muslims disunity
short-sighted rulers
luxury-loving rulers
Muslim states used to clash with each other quite frequently
Christian powers were busy uniting themselves against the
disarrayed Muslims.