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Introdução à criptografia e
funções hash
ROT13
DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE FREQUÊNCIA
4
ONE TIME PAD
Hello (7, 4, 11, 11, 14)➞
Chave (23, 12, 2, 10, 11)➞
Texto + Chave (30, 16, 13, 21, 25)➞
(mod 26) (4, 16, 13, 21, 25)➞
(4, 16, 13, 21, 25) EQNVZ➞
5
CRIPTOGRAFIA SIMÉTRICA
6
Como distribuir a chave?
7
CRIPTOGRAFIA ASSIMÉTRICA
8
Se existe criptografia assimétrica
e ela resolve os problemas da simétrica,
porque ainda utilizar criptografia simétrica?
9
ALGORITMOS ASSIMÉTRICOS
● Diffie-Hellman
● DSA
● RSA
10
FUNÇÕES HASH
▫ Seja Hash uma função e data um dado.
▫ data possui qualquer tamanho;
▫ Hash(data) possui tamanho fixo;
▫ Hash(data) é relativamente fácil de ser
computado;
▫ Hash é uma função one-way.
11
ASSINATURA DIGITAL
12
SSL & TLS
● Criptografia assimétrica (RSA, Diffie-
Hellman);
● Uma função hash para verificar
integridade (MD5, SHA, ...);
● Criptografia simétrica (AES, 3DES,
RC4, …).
13
SSL & TLS
Browser Key size (bit) Key exchange Encryption Hash
Chrome 128 ECDH AES SHA-256
Firefox 128 ECDH AES SHA-256
Safari 256 ECDH AES SHA-384
14
SSL & TLS
OBRIGADO
Questões e sugestões:
Lucas Beier
lbeier@thoughtworks.com

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Introdução à criptografia e funções hash

Notas do Editor

  1. O único jeito é brute-force.
  2. A segurança da criptografia simétrica está na chave. Divulgar a chave significa que qualquer um pode encriptar e decriptar as mensagens.
  3. As chaves devem ser compartilhadas através de um meio seguro. Porém, se esse meio seguro existe, pq não utilizá-lo para enviar a mensagem em si?
  4. Fábrica de cadeados: envia o cadeado aberto e mantém a chave segura.
  5. Criptografia assimétrica exige mais processamento Geralmente utiliza-se a criptografia assimétrica para combinar a chave que será utilizada por uma criptografia simétrica
  6. Diffie-Hellman Utilizado especificamente para troca de chaves em meios inseguros; DSA Utilizado especificamente para assinatura digital; Utiliza o SHA-1 para hashing. RSA Utilizado para troca de chaves; Assinatura digital; Criptografia.
  7. Uma função hash é dita one-way pois quando obtemos o valor hash é computacionalmente impossível fazer o processo inverso, ou seja, recuperar a informação original Dizer que H(x) é livre de colisão significa que as funções hash devem garantir uma probabilidade mínima de que duas strings diferentes acabem resultando no mesmo hash.
  8. Criptografar mensagens longas pode durar muito tempo, enquanto que criptografar hashs, que são blocos de dados pequenos e de tamanho fixo, gerados pela MD torna o processamento mais eficiente.