1. Assessment & Reporting
Lucía Conde Cambelo
1
The main aim of this journal is to keep a record of my thoughts, notes,
reflections and questions about this subject, and some implementation activities related
to this subject that I have carried out in my classes. All the information we can find in
this journal is connected, however I have decided to classify them by topics.
 Learning Target.
“Teachers who truly understand what they want their students to accomplish
will almost surely be more instructionally successful than teachers whose
understanding of hoped-for student accomplishments are murky.”
-W. James Popham
A learning target is a statement that shows what we want our students to learn
and be able to do. Learning target can be classified into 5 different groups:
- Knowledge: They represent the mastery of the contents. They include
both knowing and understanding. Example: Describe the function of the
adjective.
- Reasoning: They focus on the ability to use the knowledge targets and
solve problems based on them. Example: Distinguish between the
different adjectives in a text.
- Skill: They are based on demonstrating the proficiency in doing
something. Example: Read aloud with fluency and expression.
- Product: They centre on creating products that show the proficiency
acquired. Example: Write a paper which shows your learning about
adjective.
 Clear Targets.
Clear Targets help both teachers to recognize if formative assessment is well
designed and if it covers all the things that should be taught. Moreover, they should help
us to identify the students’ level of achievement and plan the instruction. Clear targets
are also useful in order to give meaningful feedback, to keep track and to help students
in their self-assessment.

2. Assessment & Reporting
Lucía Conde Cambelo
2
 Benefits of Clear Learning Targets.
- TEACHERS:
① Knowing what to teach.
② Knowing what to assess.
③ Knowing what instructional activities to plan.
④ Avoiding coverage at the expense of learning.
⑤ Interpreting and using assessment results.
⑥ Tracking and reporting information.
⑦ Working collaboratively with other teachers.
- STUDENTS:
① Understanding what they are responsible for learning.
② Understanding and acting on feedback.
③ Being prepared to self-assess and set goals.
④ Tracking, reflecting on, and sharing their progress.
- PARENTS:
① Helping children at home.
② Understanding the grade report.
③ Focusing discussion at conferences.
 Deconstructing Content Standards. PAGINA 64. PONER PASO
Sometimes learning targets are not clear and they need to be deconstructed in
order to make students understand them. In the following lines, we are able to see the
steps we have to follow in order to deconstruct the learning targets and make them be
easier. If we want our students to get all the benefits that learning targets have, it is
important to clarify them and make them be more accessible for students. The steps that
should be followed are:
1. Determine the target type. (Knowledge, reasoning, skill and product).
2. Identify the requirement.
3. Check if the learning target is connect with what you want to achieve.
4. Try to use a vocabulary that will be friendly for students, it means, easy
to understand. Use “I can” or “we are able to”.

3. Assessment & Reporting
Lucía Conde Cambelo
3
5. Change words that are probably difficult to understand for students.
6. Make longer or shorter the learning target for a better understanding,
when necessary.
In the picture below, we can see how learning targets can be deconstructed:
 Communicating Learning Targets.
Finally, I will focus on how learning targets must be communicated to children.
This point is relevant is we want them to understand what the assignment is and what
they are going to learn and therefore we will make them be able to carry out their self-
assessment and peer-assessment.
To communicate learning targets we can take into account these aspects:
- Defining the learning target.
- Conversing or changing the learning target.
- Rewriting the learning target.
- Trying the learning target with the students at school.
- Let students practice the learning target.