The document discusses the role of teachers and teaching. It suggests that teaching is about creating learning spaces and contexts, and recognizes that both teachers and learners bring knowledge. Knowledge is negotiated based on needs and contexts, not simply transmitted from teacher to learner. Effective teaching helps learners cope with complexity and uncertainty, engage with diverse perspectives, examine their own and others' assumptions, negotiate change, and make responsible choices. The role of the teacher is to empower independent thinking in learners and facilitate informed decision making. The needs of the specific learners must be considered to choose appropriate content and language levels.