9. The probability of
dying is linked to
many factors, such as
age, sex, race,
occupation, and
social class. The
incidence of death
can reveal much
about population's
standard of living and
health care.
10. *Crude death rate in the
developing countries is higher
that in the developed
countries.
*Infant mortality rates in
developing countries are
higher as compared to those in
the developing countries.
11. *The average life expectancy at
birth for both male and female
in the developing countries is
lower than those in the
developed countries.
*Compared to the past, most of
the countries are recording low
death rates now.
12. -is a form of geographical
mobility or spatial mobility
between one geographical
unit and another, generally
involving a change in
residence from place of
destination to place of
arrival.
13. 1. It decreases or increases the size
and structure of any population.
2. It determines the size and the rate
of population growth as well as its
structure and characteristics
14. 3. It plays an important role in the
distribution of the population of any
country.
4. It determines the growth of labor in
any area.
5. It is a symptom of basic social
change in any country.
17. In absolute figures (estimate):
38,918,447 young people under 15 years
old ( 19,852,912 males / 19,065,535
females)
68,607,395 persons between 15 and 64
years old ( 34,307,629 males / 34,299,766
females)
18. 4,796,149 persons above 64 years old
( 2,070,094 males / 2,726,055 females)
Source: The estimation data for section "Philippines age structure" is
based on the latest demographic and social statistics by United Nations
Statistics Division
19.
20.
21. Population plays a
conflicting role in the
development process of a
country. It helps economic
development and it retards
economic development.
22. A growing population means a
growing market for most goods
and services and we know that
division of labor is limited by the
extent of the market. A potentially
expanding market may stimulate
entrepreneurs to invest more and
more in capital goods and
machinery.
23. As the rate of growth of
population exceeds the rate of
production, economic
development is hampered. A
growing population, within a
limited geographical area, usually
puts heavy pressure on the
existing factor endowments,
especially natural resources of
the country.
25. Causes of population change: A module for the training of secondary
school teachers in population education. (1996, November).
Http://119.82.251.165 › Xmlui › Bitstream › Handle. Retrieved March 27,
2022, from
http://119.82.251.165:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/44/ERC
CausesofPopulationChangeModIII.pdf?sequence=4
Tuff, Kika & Tuff, Ty. (2012). Introduction to population demographics.
Nature Education Knowledge. 3. 3. from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290851981_Introduction_to_pop
ulation_demographics#:~:text=A%20population%20is%20de%EF%AC%8
1ned%20as,a%20given%20area.
https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/essay/politics-essay/state-elements-
and-necessity-of-the-state/40323
26. Kumar, M. (2015, September 8). Population Growth and Economic
Development: A Close View. Economics Discussion.
https://www.economicsdiscussion.net/economic-development/population-
growth-and-economic-development-a-close-view/11808
Philippines population (2020) live — Countrymeters. (n.d.).
Countrymeters.info. https://countrymeters.info/en/Philippines
27. SUBTOPICS:
1.CONCEPT OF MIGRATION
2. DEFINITION
3.CAUSES OF MIGRATION
4.REASONS OF MIGRATION
-PUSH AND PULL FACTORS
5. TYPES OF MIGRATION
REFERENCES:
What are the Pull and Push factors of migration? | Eschooltoday
How does migration affect the destination country?Eschooltoday
file:///E:/POPULATION,%20MIGRATION%20&%20DEMOGRAPHIC%20CHANGE/LACEA-
LAMES2019_paper_274.pdf
https://www.slideshare.net/stevenheath148/
REPORTER
-JHUMELYN D. ABETO- MILE STUDENT
29. CONCEPT OF MIGRATION
Migration is the crossing of the boundary of a political or
administrative unit for a certain period of time.
People who move in this manner are called Migrants.
Some migrant move voluntarily and some are forced to
leave their homes.
30. MIGRATION – THE TEMPORARY OR
PERMANENT MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE
FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER
DEFINITION
What is Migration?
It is the movement of a person or a group of people to settle in another place,
often across a political or administrative boundary. Migration can be temporal or
permanent, and it may be voluntary or forced. It is good to know that migration
is not exclusive to humans. Animals migrate too.
31.
32. CAUSES OF MIGRATION
● Economic Migration: Moving to find work or pursue a
particular career.
● Social Migration: Moving to be closer to family or friends
or for better quality of life.
● Political Migration: Moving to escape war or political
pressure.
● Environmental Causes: Moving away from an area due
to natural disasters.
33.
34.
35. PUSH AND PULL FACTORS OF MIGRATION:
The causes of migration are a series of push and
pull factors.
Those factors which either forcefully push
someone into migration or attract them.
38. TYPES OF MIGRATION
Internal Migration- This refers to a change of residence within national
boundaries such as between States, Provinces, Cities or Municipalities
International Migration- This refers to change of residence over National
boundaries . An international migrant is someone who moves to a different
Country.
42. • Which Age Group Is Most Prone To
Move?
Which Group Of Country Experiences
Large Volumes Of Rural-urban Migrants?
Internal Migration – Rural-Urban
Migration
Main And Most Important Reason For This Movement – Rural Area Cannot Support The
Large And Rapid Population Increase
• Symptoms Of Rural Overpopulation – Reduced Food Supply, Decreased Job
Opportunities, Shortage Of Land
• Worsened By Farm Mechanisation. Why? – Machines Replaced Labour, Jobs Are
Lost, Rising Joblessness Internal Migration – Rural-urban Migration
43. Seasonal Migration Is Also Known As Labour
Migration
• It Refers To The Movement Of People Away From Their
Homes To Find A Livelihood, Usually On A Temporary
Basis
• Farmers Moving Their Herds From The Snow-covered
Uplands To Lowland Pastures
• Apartheid System (African Slavery System) Internal
Migration – Seasonal Migration
INTERNAL MIGRATION- SEASONAL
MIGRATION
44. Planned Migration Refers To Large-scale Migration Of People Within The
Country
• Usually Carried Out By The Government
• The Most Famous Example – Transmigration Programme In Indonesia Internal
Migration – Planned Migration
INTERNAL MIGRATION- PLANNED
MIGRATION
Causes
• uneven population
distribution
• plans to develop
undeveloped areas
Effects
• overcome landless problem & food shortage
• raise std of living eg introduce cash cropping
• cultural clash between migrants and locals
• disrupt local way of life
• widespread deforestation and soil erosion
PLANNED MIGRATION-(TRANSMIGATION)
45. Voluntary Migration – Movement Of People By Choice Or One’s Own Free
Will
• Reasons Given For Such Movement Is Quite Similar To Reasons For
Rural-urban Migration International Migration – Voluntary Migration
Causes:
• Lower living cost
• More relaxed and less stressful lifestyle
• Higher income and better lifestyle
• Better recognition of their talents and skills International Migration –
Voluntary Migration
Impact:
• Ethnic Congregation, Eg. Little Chinatowns And Little Indias In Foreign Land
• Poor Quality Housing
• Language Difficulty
• Racial Tensions
• Brain Drain International Migration – Voluntary Migration
VOLUNTARY MIGRATION-(TRANSMIGATION)
46. INVOLUNTARY MIGRATION = FORCED
MIGRATION
• Movement of people caused by events which force people
to move against their will
• People involved in this movement = Refugees are persons
who owing to well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of
race, religion, nationality or political opinions, are outside of
their country of origin and cannot or owing to such fear, do not
wish to avail themselves of the protection of that country.
International Migration – Involuntary Migration
Refugees trying to move to move to safer places with whatever belongings they have.
47. Involuntary Migration Causes
• Unfavourable Social / Political Conditions Examples
• South Vietnamese Fled Communist Vietnam To Canada, USA, Etc
• Rwanda Civil War In Mid-1990s Led To The Fleeing Of 2 Million Refugees
• Migration Of Hindus, Muslims And Sikhs To Britain In 1950s When Pakistan
And India Became Separate Countries
Involuntary Migration Causes
• Unfavourable Environmental Conditions Eg Droughts Example
• Ethiopians Fled Sahel To Go To Surrounding Areas
Involuntary Migration Effects
• Refugees Cause Economic Strain In Host Countries
• Poorly Equipped Refugee Camps
• Unrest … Refugees Refuse To Go Home
• Racial Conflicts In Host Country
• Many Refugees Depend On Aid From Developed Countries
• Locked Up In Barricaded Detention Camps
• Refugees Who Return Face Integration Problems
48. MIGRATION Is A Common
Phenomenon. The World Is
Shrinking. The World Is Becoming A
Global Village. Country Boundaries
And Barriers No Longer Restrict
People Movement.
-THE END- REFERENCES:
What are the Pull and Push factors of migration? | Eschooltoday
How does migration affect the destination country?Eschooltoday
file:///E:/POPULATION,%20MIGRATION%20&%20DEMOGRAPHIC%20CHANGE/LACEA-
LAMES2019_paper_274.pdf
https://www.slideshare.net/stevenheath148/migration-2008
49. Demography- statistical study of human populations,
especially with reference to size and density,
distribution, and vital statistics (births, marriages,
deaths, etc.).
Britannica-
https://www.britannica.com/topic/demography
Demographer- a scientist who studies the growth and
density of populations and their vital statistics.
(demographist, population scientist)
https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/demograph
er
5 Processes of Demography
1. Fertility
2. Mortality
3. Marriage
4. Migration
50. Demographic change refers to changes in the
composition of a population (Hoßmann and Münz,
n.d.). This includes not just changes in population
size, and in age and sex structures, but also changes in
ethnic composition, regional distribution, and lifestyle
(BMI 2011, 11).
Causes of Demographic Change
1. Migration- Rapid rates of urban growth were
caused initially by migration. In places, movement
to the major cities has been long established,
dating from as early as the end of the nineteenth
century in the cases of Argentina and Uruguay.
Even in the rest of the region, cityward migration is
hardly a recent phenomenon, having become
commonplace in the 1940s as rural people began
to respond to new opportunities in the
metropolitan areas (Alberta, 1977;
51. According to Center for Migrant Advocacy, the
Philippines is among the largest migrant countries
of origin in the world.
Migration has increased to over ten per cent of the
Philippine population, or more than 10 million
Filipinos, changing the social and cultural climate
of the country. While it contributes to the
international character of the Philippines, labour
migration has torn Filipino seafarers and Overseas
Filipino Workers (OFWs) from their families for
decades. Limited employment opportunities in the
Philippines encourage Filipinos to pursue a
brighter future abroad. Apart from the financial
incentives, Filipinos migrate for their desire to live
abroad, personal development and many other
reasons.
52. 2. Natural Increase- Gradually, natural increase
became the most important component of
metropolitan growth; by the 1960s it had become
much more significant than migration. Natural
increase overtook migration because most of the
migrants were so young. Within a few years of arrival
in the city, most had produced children. The
contribution of natural increase to urban growth was
further magnified by the fact that death rates were far
lower in urban areas than in the countryside, a
tendency that became even more marked as mortality
in the giant cities continued to fall.
According to National Nutrition Council published
March 22, 2021, Early pregnancy is one of the
pressing issues Filipino youths are facing today.
The Philippines has one of the highest teenage
pregnancy rates among the ASEAN member states
53. According to the Commission on Population and
Development (PopCom), the Philippines has
recorded a 7% increase in births among girls aged
15 and below in 2019. Filipino minors who gave
birth in 2019 increased to 62,510 from 62,341 in
2018. In 2019, 2,411 very young adolescents aged
10 to 14 gave birth, or almost seven every day. One
in three births among minors occurred in the three
regions of Calabarzon with 8,008, National Capital
Region with 7,546, and Central Luzon with 7,523
births. Outside Luzon, the highest number of
minors who gave birth were in Northern Mindanao
with 4,747 cases, Davao Region with 4,551, and
Central Visayas with 4,541.
Early childbearing may result in poor health
outcomes and may be a threat to the country’s
54. 3. Age and Sex Structure-
According to Philippine Statistics Authority
released Thursday, August 30, 2012, The
Philippines recorded in 2010, the median age of
the country's population was 23.4 years, which
means that half of the household population was
younger than 23.4 years. This is higher than the
median age of 21.3 years recorded in 2000. The
country's median age for males in 2010 was 22.9
years, while that for females, 23.9 years.
Of the 92.1 million household population in the
Philippines, 50.4 percent were males and 49.6
percent were female. This resulted in a sex ratio of
102 males per 100 females. The sex ratio in 2000
was 101 males per 100 females.
55. This expansion has been a direct result of the
tendency for young adults and their children to
move to the city. At first, their arrival lowered the
average age of the metropolitan population, but, as
both migration and fertility rates began to fall, the
average age began to increase.
