Functional MRI
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A brief introduction to functional MRI and its applications.
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Functional MRI
- 1. What’s going inside ?Nora Abdullah AL-Muqbil @KFMC
- 2. “BELIVE IT OR NOTI CAN READ YOUR MIND my name is Nora, and .. ”
- 3. I just realize my supernatural ability that day ..
- 4. What do you want to be when you grow up ? Muhammad my brother
- 5. Huh ?!
- 6. How we think ? What are we thinking about?
- 7. These kind of questions are possible to answer for first time in human history. To drift directly to the brain to read out the physical of our thoughts .. Some would say ..To read our minds !
- 9. by using specialized used of MRI scanning called “functional MRI”, fMRI for short . That makes possible to see what’s going inside the brain while people are thinking.
- 11. How Does fMRI Scan the Brain?How Does fMRI Scan the Brain? fMRI is based on the idea that blood carrying oxygen from the lungs behaves differently in a magnetic field than blood that has already released its oxygen to the cells.
- 13. As the increase in flow exceeds the increase in oxygen consumption, neuronal activity is expressed as a relative increase in oxyhemoglobin compared to deoxyhemoglobin in the activated zones. The relative decrease in deoxyhemoglobin concentration, which has a paramagnetic effect, can be detected by MRI as a weak transient rise in the T2* weighted signal. This is the BOLD contrast principle (Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent)
- 14. In other words, oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-poor blood have a different magnetic resonance. (BOLD) signal !(BOLD) signal ! Scientists know that more active areas of the brain receive more oxygenated blood. The fMRI picks up this increased blood flow to pinpoint greater activity. The measurement of blood flow, blood volume and oxygen use is called the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal.
- 15. Scan the BrainScan the Brain
- 16. How Is an fMRI Done?How Is an fMRI Done? 1Patient should wear a hospital gown or his own clothes, but he can't bring anything metal (zippers, clips, glasses).
- 17. How Is an fMRI Done?How Is an fMRI Done? 2Patient is lie on a table. His head may be placed in a brace to hold it still. Then he is slid headfirst into the large, cylindrical MRI machine.
- 18. How Is an fMRI Done?How Is an fMRI Done? 3 Patient may be given earplugs to mask the sound - MRI machines tend to be very noisy.
- 19. How Is an fMRI Done?How Is an fMRI Done? 4Patient will be asked to perform a task that increases oxygenated blood flow to a particular part of his brain. For example, he may tap his thumb against his fingers, look at pictures or answer questions on a computer screen.
- 20. fMRI UsesfMRI Uses The most basic use for fMRI is similar to that of its cousin, MRI. •Spotting injured or diseased tissue. •Monitor the growth of brain tumors. •Determine how well the brain is functioning after a stroke. •Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
- 21. Scientists are also investigating several other potential applications for fMRI
- 22. 1-Brain Mapping1-Brain Mapping This application determines which parts of the brain handle particular functions. When a patient needs surgery to remove a brain tumor, for example, doctors can first scan the brain to determine exactly where to operate. so they can avoid damaging important brain functions.
- 23. 2- Analyzing2- Analyzing emotionsemotions fMRI can help scientists better understand the nature of sadness and other emotions.
- 24. 3-Marketing3-Marketing Advertisers already ask customers how products make them feel and how commercials influence their decisions. Now they can see those reactions firsthand by looking inside consumers' brains.
- 25. 4- Detective fMRI4- Detective fMRI fMRIs could end up as a way to effectively read a person's thoughts before he even speaks them. The technology could allow law enforcement to see whether someone is lying or telling the truth. MRIs could catch the next terrorist plot, or the next Green River Killer .
- 26. Gary Ridgway, the Green River Killer, was given a polygraph. The court used the results as evidence that he was lying then he admits that he is the one who killed 48 women.
Notas do Editor
- Introduce my self
- MRI cousin
- If I’m going to define the Functional MRI I would say it is an indirect method of imaging brain activity at low resolution. Its principle depend on detecting the hemodynamic response Stimulated or exited by neuronal activity.
- Let me go little deep .. The neuronal metabolism is dependent on blood oxygen supply As we know each area of the brain perform cretin tasks .. For example .. I’m talking now the Neuronal activity will Stimulate the increase in oxygen demand and an even higher increase in local blood flow.
- Brain activity is mapped in squares called voxels. Each voxel represents thousands of nerve cells. Color is added to the image to create a map of the most active areas in the brain.
- because it could interfere with the MRI machine.
- http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/15/world/asia/15brainscan.html?_r=2
- functional MRI sequences are generally of the ultrafast echo planar type (GE-EPI), with small matrixes (and thus weaker spatial resolution). Acquisitions need to be repeated