FINAL FINAL Lindsey Horton Poster 2015
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This study examined the relationship between experiences of adult sexual assault (ASA) severity and drinking motives in 869 female heavy episodic drinkers aged 21-35. The results showed that as ASA severity increased, women were more likely to drink to cope with problems, to be social, and to conform to others. However, ASA severity was not related to drinking for enhancement reasons. The study suggests targeting coping motives could help reduce alcohol use in women with histories of ASA.
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Semelhante a FINAL FINAL Lindsey Horton Poster 2015
Semelhante a FINAL FINAL Lindsey Horton Poster 2015 (20)
FINAL FINAL Lindsey Horton Poster 2015
- 1. Does Sexual Assault Severity Predict Drinking Motives in Female Heavy Episodic Drinkers? Lindsey Horton, Jenn Staples, Rhiana Wegner, William H. George University of Washington Introduction Methods Conclusion References Results Table 1. Significant results suggested a positive relationship between ASA severity and three drinking motives: 1) drinking to conform, 2) drinking to cope and 3) drinking to be social. * = p<0.05, **= p<0.05, ***= p<0.005 • Cooper, M. L. (1994) Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents: Development and validation of a four-factor model. Psychological Assessment, 6, 117-128. • Deliramich, A. N., & Gray, M. J. (2008). Changes in women's sexual behavior following sexual assault. Behavior Modification, 32(5), 611-621. • Davis, K. C., Gilmore, A. K., Stappenbeck, C. A., Balsan, M. J., George, W. H., & Norris, J. (2014). How to score the Sexual Experiences Survey? A comparison of nine methods. Psychology of Violence, 4(4), 445. • Dixon, L. J., Leen-Feldner, E. W., Ham, L. S., Feldner, M. T., & Lewis, S. F. (2009). Alcohol use motives among traumatic event-exposed, treatment-seeking adolescents: Associations with posttraumatic stress. Addictive Behaviors, 34(12), 1065-1068. • Koss, M.P. Campbell, R., Cook, S., Norris, J., Testa, M., et al. (2007). Revising the SES A collaborative process to improve assessment of sexual aggression and victimization. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 31, 357-370. • Stappenbeck, C. A., Bedard-Gilligan, M., Lee, C. M., & Kaysen, D. (2013). Drinking motives for self and others predict alcohol use and consequences among college women: The moderating effects of PTSD. Addictive Behaviors, 38(3), 1831-1839. • Participants • 869 Women, aged 21-35, M=24.7, SD=2.67 • 68.1% White, 14.4% Multi-racial, 7.6% Black/AA, 5.5% Asian, 0.8% Native American/American, 1.7% Other • Heavy episodic drinkers and single • At risk for a sexually transmitted infection • Procedure • Participants were recruited from an urban West Coast community. Interested participants completed a phone screening to determine eligibility. This study was part of a larger alcohol and sex study. Participants were invited to the laboratory where they consented and then completed measures on a computer. • Measures • Drinking motives were measured using Cooper’s (1994) Drinking Motives Measure. The four motives were social (α=0.831), coping (α=0.857), enhancement (α=0.754), and conformity (α=0.766). Participants rated each question from 1 (almost never) to 4 (almost always). • Example items: “Because it helps you enjoy a party” (social), “To forget about your problems” (coping), “Because it gives you a pleasant feeling” (enhancement), “To be liked” (conformity). • ASA was measured using a modified version by Davis et al. (2014) of Koss’ (2007) Sexual Experiences Survey. Items asked about different types of assault and how often a participant experienced them. Responses ranged from 0 (never) to 3 (three or more times). It assesses sexual victimization experiences since the age of 14. The scale measures the frequency of experiences of sexual fondling, vaginal intercourse, oral sex, and anal sex using 4 different tactics: verbal pressure, threats, physical force, and use of drugs or alcohol. Continuous ASA severity was calculated using these indices. • Data analysis • Bi-variate correlations were conducted to examine the relationship between ASA severity and drinking motives (enhancement, coping, social, conformity). Previous studies show that females with a history of trauma and PTSD may drink more heavily (Stappenbeck, Bedard-Gilligan, Lee & Kysen, 2013). Drinking alcohol is an unhealthy coping mechanism (Deliramich & Gray, 2008) and has been associated with risk of re-victimization and participation in risky sexual behavior (Lindgren, Neighbors, Blayney, Mullins, & Kaysen, 2011). In one study, women with PTSD were more likely to endorse social and conformity drinking motives than women without PTSD (Stappenbeck et al., 2013). Another study found a positive relationship between motivation to drink for conformity and drinking behavior among women with PTSD (Cixon, Leen-Feldner, Feldner, & Lewis, 2009). There is an inconsistency in the small amount of literature related to drinking motives of women with trauma. In addition, there is a lack of research focused on drinking motives specifically among women with adult sexual abuse (ASA). We predicted that drinking motives would vary as ASA severity increased. Table 2. Participants were more likely to report drinking for enhancement or social reasons than coping and conformity reasons. • As ASA severity increased, participants were more likely to drink to cope, to be social and to conform. However, we found no significant relationship between ASA severity and drinking for enhancement reasons. • Drinking alcohol has been associated with risk of re- victimization and participation in risky sexual behavior. Understanding and targeting coping motives associated with ASA severity might help reduce the rates of alcohol use in this population. • One limitation to this study is that the participants included were heavy episodic drinkers and at risk for sexually transmitted infections. In addition, they were only from the West Coast. This limits the generalizability of our results. • A strength of this study is the large, ethnically diverse community sample, which allowed us to obtain a fairly representative sample of the population. • Future studies should focus on women with a history of ASA with and without PTSD symptoms, in order to determine if PTSD is driving the variability in drinking motives. Future work should also measure drinking behavior to see if differences in drinking motives are associated with different quantity or frequency of alcohol use. • Acknowledgments • Grant from National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcohoholism, P.I. William H. George • Grant Number: 2R01AA016281 Mean Standard Deviation Range Enhancement 3 0.62 1-4 Coping 2.35 0.77 1.40-4 Social 3.43 0.55 1-4 Conformity 1.67 0.66 1-4 ASA Severity 18.11 17.21 0-63 1 2 3 4 5 1. Enhancement 1 --- --- --- --- 2. Social 0.519*** 1 --- --- --- 3. Coping 0.412*** 0.3*** 1 --- --- 4. Conformity 0.252*** 0.4*** 0.3*** 1 --- 5. ASA Severity 0.011 0.067* 0.123*** 0.142*** 1 Averages Correlations
Notas do Editor
- -Put in a section on “Acknowledgements” and put the FRESH grant number (can be found in some binder in FRESH, or on the shared drive- ask Cindy Ung if having trouble finding it). Introduction typically comes before hypotheses. Can delete the word hypothesis and just state the hypothesis. I would put in parentheses (i.e. and list all of the drinking motives we measured) Put citations in introduction- see notes. Methods: need more under procedure. Look at a recently published FRESH paper and see what they write for procedure. You can shorten it, but essentially you’ll want to say part of a larger study on x, completed measures via a computer. You also don’t say they were recruited “via” a phone screening…they were recruited and then completed a phone screening to determine eligibility. Briefly mention eligibility requirements. Measures: To reduce text you dn’t need to say “one item example”…just say “example items” and then list. You don’t need alphas for each subscale (unless someone suggested you do this…If someone did tell you that, just put the alphas in parentheses after you list each motive in the above bullet point. When describing the SES say some version of this “assesses sexual victimization experiences since the age of 14. The scale measures the frequency of experiences of sexual fondling, vaginal intercourse, oral sex, and anal sex using 4 different tactics: verbal pressure, threats, physical force, and use of drugs or alcohol. Continuous ASA severity was calculated using these indices. “ Since we aren’t presenting results from multiple regression, you might want to say in data analyses that bivariate correlations were conducted to examine the relationship between ASA severity and drinking motives. Results: Label your tables table 1 and table 1. the correlation table is showing a significant relationship between drinking for social reasons and ASA severity too, so we need to talk about that. Are you reporting the mean age of ASA in the second table? It looks like the mean sexual assault score, not the mean age. Don’t say “participants almost always drank to feel enhanced” because it is misleading considering that on the scale “almost always” is a 4, but the mean is a 3. Just say participants were more likely to report drinking for enhancement or social reasons than coping and conformity reasons. Conclusions: again, it looks from the correlation table that ASA is associated with social reasons. I don’t know if I’d say we had a wide variety of ages…that’s not really a strength. Do mention that this was a community sample which is a strength. Future study: If you want to say something about PTSD, say look at women with a history of ASA who ALSO have PTSD…might also say something about future work to understand why we got these results.